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Zootaxa, Annotated Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Continental And

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Zootaxa, Annotated Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Continental And Zootaxa 2307: 1–38 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of continental and insular Honduras WILFREDO A. MATAMOROS1, JACOB F. SCHAEFER2 & BRIAN R. KREISER2 1Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. Box 5018, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, U.S.A., Instituto Regional para la Biodiversidad. Escuela Agrícola Panamericana El Zamorano, El Zamorano, Francisco Morazán, Honduras. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. Box 5018, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Table of contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Resumen .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Materials and methods ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Annotated Checklist ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 CARCHARHINIFORMES ................................................................................................................................................. 7 PRISTIFORMES ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 ELOPIFORMES ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 ANGUILLIFORMES.......................................................................................................................................................... 7 CLUPEIFORMES ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 CYPRINIFORMES ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 CHARACIFORMES........................................................................................................................................................... 9 SILURIFORMES ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 GYMNOTIFORMES........................................................................................................................................................ 11 BATRACHOIDIFORMES................................................................................................................................................ 11 GOBIESOCIFORMES ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 ATHERINIFORMES ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 CYPRINODONTIFORMES............................................................................................................................................. 12 BELONIFORMES ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 SYNGNATHIFORMES .................................................................................................................................................... 16 SYNBRANCHIFORMES................................................................................................................................................. 16 PERCIFORMES ............................................................................................................................................................... 17 PLEURONECTIFORMES ............................................................................................................................................... 26 TETRAODONTIFORMES ............................................................................................................................................... 27 Results and discussion ....................................................................................................................................................... 27 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................... 28 References ......................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Appendix .......................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Accepted by L. Page: 9 Nov. 2009; published: 9 Dec. 2009 1 Abstract The freshwater fishes of Honduras were surveyed for a period of four years (2005–2008). Surveys were supplemented with both literature and museum collection reviews. Our results show that there are at least 172 species of fishes inhabiting Honduran mainland and insular freshwater systems, 166 native and six exotic. Primary freshwater fish diversity was low, with only eigth species (4.8%). The remaining species were either secondary freshwater (47 species, 28.3%) or peripheral (111 species, 66.9%). This checklist includes 36 new records for Honduras, and 12 range expansions. Nine species were found to be endemic; however, just two of them (Amphilophus hogaboomorum and Theraps wesseli) are already described. The depauperate primary freshwater fishes fauna of Honduras (8) is congruent with low primary freshwater fishes diversity found in the region between the Usumacinta River and the Nicaraguan great lakes. Although many previously unsampled regions of Honduras were visited as part of this project, there are a variety of remote areas that remain unstudied. While this paper contributes much to the understanding of the distribution and diversity of Honduran freshwater fishes, it is likely that much diversity there remains undocumented. Key words: Central America, Nuclear Middle America, Obligate freshwater fishes, Primary freshwater fishes, Distribution, Ichthyofauna, Fish fauna, Biodiversity Resumen Los peces de agua dulce de Honduras fueron estudiados por un periodo de cuatro años (2005 a 2008). Los muestreos de campo fueron complementados con revisiones tanto de colecciones de museos como de la literatura disponible. Nuestros resultados muestran la presencia de 172 especies de peces que habitan los sistemas de aguas continentales del país y de sus islas, de ellas 166 son nativas y seis exóticas. La diversidad de peces primarios de ambientes dulceacuícolas fue baja, con tan solo ocho especies (4.8%) presentes. El resto fueron secundarias (47 especies, 28.3%) o periféricas (111 especies, 66.9%). Esta lista incluye 36 registros nuevos para Honduras y 12 expansiones de rango geográfico. Nueve especies fueron reportadas como endémicas; sin embargo solamente dos (Amphilophus hogaboomorum y Theraps wesseli) son consideradas especies válidas. La descripción de las ocho especies restantes está aún pendiente. El bajo número de especies primarias dulceacuícolas (8) en Honduras coincide con el bajo número de especies primarias reportadas anteriormente en la región entre el río Usumacinta y los grandes lagos de Nicaragua. Aunque muchas regiones de Honduras que no habían sido previamente muestreadas fueron visitadas como parte de este proyecto, todavía hay áreas remotas del país que precisan ser estudiadas. Este trabajo contribuirá extensamente al entendimiento de la distribución y diversidad de los peces de agua dulce de Honduras; sin embargo, mucha de la diversidad ictiológica del país requiere aún ser investigada con mayor profundidad. 2 · Zootaxa 2307 © 2009 Magnolia Press MATAMOROS ET AL. Introduction The diversity and distributional patterns of Honduran freshwater fishes are the product of recent geological events (Myers, 1966). All primary and secondary freshwater species that inhabit Honduras are of South American origin (Miller, 1966, Myers, 1966), moving to the region during or after the raising and closure of the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene (Marshall et al., 1979, Stehli & Webb, 1985). The proposed timing of the enclosure of the Panamanian isthmus varies from between 3.1 to 3.5 million years ago (Coates et al., 1992, Coates & Obando, 1996) to as early as 1.8 million years ago (Keller et al., 1989). While the formation of this land bridge is often cited as the major event structuring Honduran freshwater fish diversity, local geologic, climatic and other factors have also certainly played
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