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Zootaxa,Metazoan Parasites of Fishes from Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero

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Zootaxa,Metazoan Parasites of Fishes from Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero Zootaxa 1531: 39–48 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Metazoan parasites of fishes from Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico JUAN VIOLANTE-GONZÁLEZ & M. LEOPOLDINA AGUIRRE-MACEDO Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Unidad Mérida, Carretera Anti- gua a Progreso Km. 6, A.P. 73 Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A total of 33 species of metazoan parasites were identified (31 helminth and 2 crustaceans) from 10 species of fish (n = 1,030) collected from Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico, between May 2001 and February 2003. Digeneans (7 adults and 11 larvae) dominated the parasite fauna. The most widespread species of parasite were: Digenea- Pseudoacanthos- tomum panamense, Diplostomum (Austrodiplostomum) compactum, Clinostomum complanatum; Nematoda- Contracae- cum sp.; Branchiura- Argulus sp.; and Copepoda- Ergasilus sp. Species composition of the parasite fauna exhibited a clear freshwater influence; 57.5% (19/33) of the identified species have a freshwater distribution. This is the first survey of parasites of fish from this location and all reported species are new geographical host records for Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico. Key words: Digenea, Nematoda, Crustacea, fish, Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico Introduction Coyuca Lagoon is one of the most important aquatic resources in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, because of its size (28.5 Km2) and fish production (Violante-González 2006). Located 35 km northwest of Acapulco, this lagoon is predominantly oligohaline (1.5 to 5 ppm) during most of the year, but has a marine influence during the rainy season when temporary connections open between it and the Pacific Ocean. This allows entrance of marine species, giving the lagoon’s ichthyofauna a strong marine influence. The high productivity of Coyuca Lagoon and the wide variety of species of fish from different origins (i.e. freshwater, brackish water and marine water) provide an ideal habitat for a rich local parasite fauna. However, no research has been done to date on the parasite fauna of the fish in this lagoon. The goal of the present study was to generate an inventory of the parasite fauna from the diverse fish populations in Coyuca Lagoon and to contribute in the development of future research on metazoan parasites of the coastal lagoons of the state of Guerrero, Mexico. Materials and methods A total of 1,030 fishes were collected from Coyuca Lagoon (16º57’ N; 100º02’ W) between May 2001 and February 2003. Ten species of fish were examined: Ariidae_ Hexanematichthys guatemalensis (Günther, 1864) (Blue sea catfish, n = 223); Centropomidae_ Centropomus nigrescens (Günther, 1864) (Black snook, n = 35); Cichlidae_ Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Günther, 1867) (Three spot cichlid, n = 151); Eleotridae_ Dor- mitator latifrons (Richardson, 1937) (Pacific fat sleeper, n = 322), Eleotris picta (Kner and Steindachner, 1864) (Spotted sleeper, n = 31), Gobiomorus maculatus (Günther, 1859) (Pacific sleeper, n = 73); Gerridae_ Accepted by S. Monks: 13 Jun. 2007; published: 23 Jul. 2007 39 Diapterus peruvianus (Cuvier, 1830) (Peruvian mojarra, n = 42); Mugilidae_ Mugil curema (Valenciennes, 1836) (White mullet, n = 83); Lutjanidae_ Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1869) (Yellow snapper, n = 28); and Poeciliidae_ Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes, 1846) (Molly, n = 42). Fish were collected using gill nets and angling at the El Embarcadero and transported to the Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAG) laboratory. All fish were examined no more than 5 hours after collection. The complete necropsy included all organs except the blood. Internal and external metazoan parasites were col- lected, counted and processed according to Vidal-Martinez et al. (2001). Infection parameters were calculated and applied according to Bush et al. (1997); infection prevalence (% infected) and abundance (number of par- asites per examined fish) were expressed as mean ± standard deviation followed by the intensity range. Auto- genic species of parasite were defined as those that reach maturity in aquatic hosts and thus have a limited ability to colonize new locations. Allogenic species were those with birds or mammals as definitive hosts whose natural migrations favor dispersion, giving them a wide geographic distribution (Esch and Fernandez 1993). A conservative approach to parasite distribution was taken and based on published records in Mexican species of fish. Voucher specimens of most taxa were deposited in the Colección Nacional de Helmintos (CNHE), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. The parasite communities were analyzed at the component community level (Holmes and Price 1986), including all the parasites in all the fish of a single species. Component community parameters included the total number of species of parasite, the total number of individual parasites, the Shannon-Wiener Index (H) as a measure of diversity, and the Berger-Parker Index (BPI) as a measure of numerical dominance. Results Thirty-three species of metazoan parasite (31 helminth and 2 crustaceans) were recovered and identified from 10 species of fish (1,030 host specimens) collected from Coyuca Lagoon between May 2001 and February 2003. Of these, 4 were monogeneans, 17 digeneans (7 adults and 10 metacercariae), 3 cestodes (2 adults and 1 metacestode), 3 nematodes (1 adult and 2 larvae), 4 acanthocephalans (3 adults and 1 cystacanth), and 2 crustaceans (Table 1). Fourteen species of helminth were recovered as larval stages parasitizing different organs, such as the heart, liver, intestine, mesentery, muscles, eyes and gills (see Table 1). Ten species of intestinal parasite were recovered as adults, and 3 species as both larvae and adults (Pseudoacanthostomum panamense, Pseudolepto- rhynchoides lamothei and Neoechinorhynchus golvani). Six of the species were widely distributed among the species of fish in the lagoon. The digenean Pseudoacanthostomum panamense and the copepod Ergasilus sp. were recovered from 10 species of host, the nematode Contracaecum sp. from 9, the digenean Diplostomum (Austrodiplostomum) compactum, as well as the crustacean Argulus sp., were found to infect 8 species of fish, and Clinostomum complanatum infected 6 species of fish. All other species of parasite were recovered from 1 to 3 species of hosts. Of the 3 species of parasite that numerically dominated the documented local parasite fauna, Ergasilus sp. represented 28.2% (n = 37,177) of the total number of parasites (n = 132,023) collected from all of the fish. This species was followed numerically by the metacercariae of Ascocotyle (Ph.) longa (29,755 individuals = 22.5%) and Pseudoacanthostomum panamense (21,392 individuals = 16.2%). Nineteen of the 33 species of parasite were classified as autogenic (lifecycle completed in the lagoon) and 14 as allogenic (mature in piscivorous birds visiting the lagoon). In terms from origin, 19 species of parasite had a freshwater distribution, 5 were estuarine, and 9 marine. The number of species of parasite at the component community level ranged from 8 in Mugil curema, to 13 in Eleotris picta (Table 2). Three communities, those of C. trimaculatum, G. maculatus and E. picta, had a higher number of allogenic than autogenic species, and a high parasite load (total number of individual para- 40 · Zootaxa 1531 © 2007 Magnolia Press VIOLANTE-GONZÁLEZ & AGUIRRE-MACEDO sites). In contrast, the communities of H. guatemalensis, C. nigrescens, and D. peruvianus had a higher num- ber of autogenic species and a lower number of individual parasites. The only exceptions were the communities of D. latifrons, M. curema and L. argentiventris, which had the same number of autogenic and allogenic species, the first two of these species of fish also had the highest parasite loads (Table 2). TABLE 1. Species of parasite found in fishes from Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico. Parasite Site CNHE Hosts N/Season P(%) Total Abundance Intensity Monogenea Cornutushaptor nigrescens Mw, Au Men- Gills 5432 C. nigrescens Mw 35/R03 33.3 196 5.6 ± 17.8 4–37 doza-Franco, Violante-González & Vidal-Martínez, 2006 Neotetraonchus sp. Bw, Au Gills H. guatemalensis 223/D02 56.1 1611 7.2 ± 13.1 1–73 Bw Ligophorus mugilinus Mw, Au (Hargis, Gills M. curema Mw 83/R02 12.1 102 1.2 ± 13.0 1–45 1955) Aristocleidus hastatus Mw, Au (Mueller, Gills D. peruvianus Mw 42/R03 92.9 1014 24.1 ± 26.6 2–126 1936) Digenea (adult) Crassicutis cichlasomae Fw, Au (Manter, Intestine 5011 C. trimaculatum Fw 118/R02 21.2 72 0.6 ± 2.9 1–12 1936) 33/D03 33.3 14 0.4 ± 0.5 1–2 Neoapocreadium marina Mw, Au (Man- Intestine 5005 D. peruvianus 42/R03 45.2 574 13.7 ± 29.1 1–100 ter, 1947) Paracryptogonimus sp. Mw, Au Intestine 4905 C. nigrescens 35/R03 77.8 532 15.2 ± 16.5 3–41 L. argentiventris 28/D03 70.8 874 31.2 ± 72.7 2–230 Mw Pseudoacanthostomum panamense Bw, Intestine 4904 H. guatemalensis 223/D02 85.7 1435 6.4 ± 10.7 1–78 Au Caballero, Bravo-Hollis & Grocott, 1953 Pseudacaenodera cristata Mw, Au Intestine 5006 D. peruvianus 42/R03 57.1 75 1.8 ± 3.9 1–19 (Yamaguti, 1965) Saccocoelioides sp. Fw, Au Intestine 4906 D. latifrons Fw 219/R01 39.3 430 2.1 ± 5.0 1–27 103/D02 42.7 660 6.4 ± 15.4 4–75 Saccocoelioides sogandaresi Fw, Au Intestine 4908 P. sphenops Fw 42/R03 10.7 12 0.3 ± 2.3 1–5 (Lumsden, 1961) Digenea (larval) Ascocotye (Phagicola) longa Bw, Al Heart, 4901 D. latifrons 103/D02 0.6 10 0.03 ± 5.7 1–9 (Ransom, 1920) mesen- tery, liver G. maculatus Fw 73/R02 2.7 4 0.01 ± 5 1.4 1–3 C. trimaculatum 118/R02 2.5 147 1.2 ± 81.4 1–143 33/D03 9.1 63 1.9 ± 29.5 1–55 E. picta Fw 31/D01 9.7 147 49.0 ± 62.4 3–120 C.
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