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Brendan Behan : Les Enjeux De La M´Emoireentre ´Ecriture Et Oralit´E Chiara Rustici

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Brendan Behan : Les Enjeux De La M´Emoireentre ´Ecriture Et Oralit´E Chiara Rustici Brendan Behan : les enjeux de la m´emoireentre ´ecriture et oralit´e Chiara Rustici To cite this version: Chiara Rustici. Brendan Behan : les enjeux de la m´emoireentre ´ecritureet oralit´e.Litt´eratures. Universit´eToulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2013TOU20013>. <tel- 00879873> HAL Id: tel-00879873 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879873 Submitted on 5 Nov 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. 5)µ4& &OWVFEFMPCUFOUJPOEV %0$503"5%&-6/*7&34*5²%&506-064& %ÏMJWSÏQBS Université Toulouse 2 Le Mirail (UT2 Le Mirail) 1SÏTFOUÏFFUTPVUFOVFQBS Chiara Rustici -F 14 mai 2013 5Jtre : BRENDAN BEHAN : LES ENJEUX DE LA MÉMOIRE ENTRE ÉCRITURE ER ORALITÉ École doctorale et discipline ou spécialité : ED ALLPH@ : Anglais 6OJUÏEFSFDIFSDIF CAS %JSFDUFVS T EFʾÒTF Monsieur le Professeur Philippe Birgy 3BQQPSUFVST Monsieur le Professeur Jean-Michel Ganteau Madame le Professeur Alexandra Poulain "VUSF T NFNCSF T EVKVSZ Madame le Professeur Françoise Besson Madame le Professeur Anne Goarzin UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE II LE MIRAIL ÉCOLE DOCTORALE ALLPH@ THÈSE En vue de l’obtention du grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE II - LE MIRAIL Spécialité : anglais Présentée par CHIARA RUSTICI BRENDAN BEHAN : LES ENJEUX DE LA MÉMOIRE ENTRE ÉCRITURE ET ORALITÉ Sous la direction de Monsieur le Professeur Philippe BIRGY Membres du jury : 1. Madame le Professeur Françoise BESSON Université de Toulouse II 2. Monsieur le Professeur Jean Michel GANTEAU (rapporteur) Université de Montpellier III 3. Madame le Professeur Anne GOARZIN Université de Rennes II 4. Madame le Professeur Alexandra POULAIN (rapporteur) Université de Lille III A.A. 2011-2012 i ii iii iv Résumé Cette thèse de doctorat présente l’œuvre de Brendan Behan, dans le but d’apporter une contribution à la recherche sur un auteur qui n’a pas encore reçu toute l’attention qu’il mérite. L’œuvre de B. Behan est une œuvre très hétérogène qui mélange genres et styles différents, écriture et oralité, texte et images. A travers l’étude des publications de l’auteur (roman, théâtre, récits enregistrés, productions radiophoniques, poésie, nouvelles et articles) ce travail montre l’importance du thème de la mémoire dans la littérature de l’auteur. Le titre de la thèse souligne les différents aspects de la mémoire qui sont ici considérés. Le terme de « mémoire » implique en effet plusieurs notions telles que la faculté de conserver ou de ramener à l’esprit le passé, l’acte du recouvrement et de la recherche dans la définition de l’identité de l’individu, ainsi que le devoir de conservation et de transmission de l’histoire et de la culture collectives. Du fait des difficultés que l’on peut rencontrer dans la définition du concept de mémoire, il faut bien sûr prendre en compte diverses approches (philosophique, psychologique, sociologique, anthropologique et linguistique). Le projet s’inscrit dans le domaine plus vaste de la littérature autobiographique irlandaise, et il espère apporter une contribution à ce domaine de recherche qui reste largement ouvert à l’investigation. Nous explorons particulièrement le rapport qui existe entre mémoire et imagination. Bien que nous puissions considérer que l’œuvre de l’auteur s’inscrit dans le mouvement littéraire réaliste irlandais des années 1930 et 1940, nous essayons surtout de montrer l’importance de l’élément fictif de l’écriture autobiographique. La littérature est pour Behan un instrument d’introspection à travers le souvenir et l’imagination. Raconter son histoire personnelle est pour Behan un moyen d’oublier l’expérience traumatique, individuelle et collective. En même temps, l’écriture permet à l’auteur d’assurer sa présence éternelle. v Abstract The topic of this doctoral dissertation was dictated by a need to address the lack of critical studies on Brendan Behan. Behan’s work appears as a very heterogeneous one, merging various genres and styles, mixing orality and writing, texts and images. Through an investigation of the author’s production (novel, recorded books, drama, radio-plays and features, poetry, short stories and sketches), this dissertation aims to show how the concept of memory underpins his literature. The title of the dissertation highlights the various aspects of the term “memory” explored in this volume. Memory is in fact a hazy concept that may refer to the mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experiences and to the act of remembrance and the attempt at defining the individual’s identity, as well as to the duty of preserving and transmitting collective history and culture. As memory is never easy to define and implies many aspects, different approaches have been taken into account (philosophical, psychological, sociological, anthropological and linguistic). This project is framed by the larger field of Irish autobiographical studies which remains open to further investigations, and our aim has been to bring a modest contribution to it. In the dissertation, we explore above all the connections between memory and imagination. Although Behan’s literature may be considered as the author’s critical view on Irish society and, thus, brought in line with the realism of the 1920s and 1930s, we shall underline the importance of imagination in the process of recollection and the fictional aspect of autobiographical writing. Literature is for Behan the medium of a personal introspection through recollection and imagination. Telling his personal story is for the author a way of forgetting, hence healing, individual and collective trauma. But at the same time it is an attempt to guarantee the author’s infinite presence. vi Á mes parents, Maria Antonietta et Giuseppe, Á ma sœur, Michela, Á Julien vii Remerciements Cette thèse n’aurait pas été menée à bien sans le soutien de mon directeur, Monsieur le Professeur Philippe Birgy, que je tiens à remercier sincèrement. La pleine confiance accordée dès le debout des travaux m’a permis d’élaborer un plan de thèse personnel et d’aller chercher au fond des mes capacités. Ses conseils et ses remarques m’ont permis de mieux orienter mes recherches et de consolider mes connaissances. Je remercie Monsieur le Professeur Jean-Michel Ganteau et Madame le Professeur Alexandra Poulain, pour avoir accepté de juger ce travail et d’en être les rapporteurs, ainsi que Mme le Professeur Françoise Besson et Madame le Professeur Anne Goarzin pour avoir accepté de faire partie du jury. Je souhaite également remercier les archives de la RTÉ et la bibliothèque de l’Université du Delaware pour leur disponibilité et le matériel aimablement fourni. Ce travail n’aurait pas vu le jour sans le soutien de Julien qui a partagé avec moi les moments difficiles. Je remercie enfin ma famille et mes amis pour l’intérêt qu’ils ont montré et pour le soutien moral qu’ils m’ont apporté tout au long de la réalisation de ce travail. viii Sommaire INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 1. AUTOBIOGRAPHIE ET MEMOIRE. LE RAPPORT DE SOI A L’AUTRE ......................... 13 1.1 La vie et l’œuvre de Brendan Behan. ..............................................................................................................15 1.1.1 Brendan Behan l’auteur, le personnage, l’homme. ...............................................................................16 1.1.2 De la rébellion politique à la rébellion personnelle et littéraire. ............................................................20 1.1.3 Un écrivain « révisionniste » ? ..............................................................................................................26 1.2 De l’autobiographie ........................................................................................................................................35 1.2.1 Difficultés de définition et de classification de l’œuvre .............................................................................35 1.2.2 Le Moi unique, le Moi multiple. ................................................................................................................46 1.2.3 L’autobiographie est-elle une image ? ......................................................................................................54 1.3 De la mémoire. ...............................................................................................................................................68 1.3.1 Mémoire – image .....................................................................................................................................70 1.3.2. Mémoire et perception. ..........................................................................................................................82 1.3.3 Mémoire et imagination. ..........................................................................................................................87 1.3.4. La mémoire-recherche. ......................................................................................................................... 103 1.4
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