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A Systematic Census on the Sedges of Koch Bihar District, West Bengal

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A Systematic Census on the Sedges of Koch Bihar District, West Bengal Indian J. Applied & Pure Bio. Vol. 32(2), 181-188 (2017). A Systematic Census on the Sedges of Koch Bihar District, West Bengal S. Bandyopadhyay Department of Botany, K.N. College, Berhampore, Murshidabad,-742101 (India) E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The present study reveals that the sedges of the district of Koch Bihar are represented by 43 species under 13 genera. The maximum number of species has been recorded in Cyperus (14 species) followed by Fimbristylis (10 species). The other common genera are Eleocharis (04 species), Kyllinga (03 species), Pycreus (03 species) and Schoenoplectus (02 species). On the other hand there are seven genera having single species each viz. Bulbostylis, Carex, Fuirena, Juncellus, Rikliella., Rhynchospora and Scleria. It has been observed during study that only two species namely Cyperus rotundus L. and Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. are used by the local peoples for treatment. The members of the family Cyperaceae made valuable contribution on the systematic commonly known as sedges are the grass like of sedges. But no endeavour has been undertaken to enumerate the sedges growing in the district herbs, distributed almost throughout the world of Koch Bihar, West Bengal though a few and often become an important component of stray publication1,2,4,5,8 exist on the flora of the many habitats ranging from marshes to district. Therefore, the present work has been mountains. The sedge family is the third largest undertaken. family among Monocots comprising of 106 11 genera and 5,387 species . Beside their Study area : economic importance as the source of food, fodder, medicines etc. the sedges have a The district of Koch Bihar is situated significant ecological value. They are not only in the north eastern part of the state of West the predominant plants of stable wetlands but Bengal under Jalpaiguri division in between 26o also play a vital role in ecological succession. 32’46"to 25o57’57" N latitude and 89o 52’ 00" Apart from that sedges provide food and to 88o45’02" E longitude and covering an area shelter to the birds and aquatic animals, control of 3,386 sq km. The rivers of the district include soil erosion and improve water quality by acting Tista, Torsha, Jaldhaka, Kaljani, Raidak, as filters to remove pollutants and sediments. Gadadhar and their tributaries. The soil is alluvial type. The climate of the district is Many workers 3,6,7,9,10,13-16,18-20 have characterized by highly humid atmosphere with (182) the temperature being seldom excessive during A densely tufted annual of 4-20 cm height. summer. The average rainfall of the district is Spikelets sessile in dense clusters at the top of 320.1cm. stem, linear to oblong. Less common, in damp places of forest edges, margins of ponds and The present work is the outcome of ditches and on sandy river beds. July – extensive survey conducted in different parts October. Jamalda forest, SB- 2972. of the district for the consecutive five years. Collection and preservation of plant specimens 2. Carex Linn. were done following the guidelines of Carex wallichiana Spreng., Syst. Lawrence17 and Jain & Rao12 with some minor Veg. 3: 812.1826. Carex foliosa D. Don ex changes wherever required. Vernacular Tilloch and Taylor in Phil. Mag. 62: 455.1823. names and local uses of sedges (if any) were Carex muricata Linn. var. foliosa (D.Don ex recorded from the elderly knowledgeable Tilloch and Taylor) Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. persons of the villages. In the laboratory India 6: 703.1894. dissections of the spikelets were done under Perennial, 15-60 cm long; upper 2-3 binocular dissecting microscope. Correct spikes male, linear; lower spikes female, identity and updated nomenclature of the cylindric. Less common, found in forest floor. collected plant specimens were established March – May. Patlakhawa forest. SB – 3872. with the help of published literature and also comparing with the authentic herbarium 3. Cyperus Linn. specimens of Central National Herbarium Clarke6 considered Cyperus in a wide (CAL). sense and recognized Pycreus, Juncellus, Mariscus, Kyllinga, etc. as subgenera under Sedges collected during the present Cyperus. This view was followed by the later study are enumerated below .The name of the workers like Kukenthal15, Koyama14 and genera and species are arranged alphabetically. Kern13. But Clarke7 in his later publication Scientific name of each species is followed considered Pycreus, Kyllinga, Juncellus, by field notes, flowering and fruiting periods, Mariscus, Courtoisia as distinct genera apart places of collection and field no. Vernacular from Cyperus. Goetghebeur10 in his work of names (in parenthesis) and local uses are also generic delimitation of Cyperus included provided wherever available. Mariscus and Courtoisia within Cyperus but not the genera with two stigma and biconvex 1. Bulbostylis Kunth. nuts i.e. Pycreus, Kyllinga and Juncellus. Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) Clarke This view is followed in the present work. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 651.1893. Scirpus barbatus Rottb., Prodr. 27. 1772 and Descr. 1. Cyperus compactus Retz., Obs. Icon Pl. 52, t. 17, f. 4: 1773. Stenophyllus Bot. 5: 10.1789.Cyperus dilutus Vahl, Enum. barbata (Rottb.) T. Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bombay Pl. 2: 357.1806. Mariscus compactus (Retz.) 2: 887.1908. Fimbristylis barbata Rottb. Boldingh, Zakfl. Landb. Java. 77. 1916. Benth., Fl. Australia 7 : 321.1878. Mariscus microcephalus Presl, Reliq. Haenk. (183) 1: 182.1828. Haldibari, SB – 3657. Perennial, 0.2-1 m high; Anthela compound to 7. Cyperus exaltatus Retz., Obs. decompound . Common, occurs along the side Bot. 5: 11.1789. of rivers, ponds, ditches and in low land area, Robust perennial, up to 1.5 m high; rhizome flooded during monsoon. June – November. short, woody. Anthela compound orGovt. D.B. Jamalda, SB – 2960. Girls College, Raipur [C.G.]-492001 2. Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth, in (India)compound, lax. Less common, found H.B. and K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 204:1815. along the sides of canals, ponds, ditches and Tufted annual, 2.5-15 cm long. Anthela simple marshes. July – October. Saulmari, SB – 3780. or compound. Common, in damp places, mostly 8. Cyperus halpan Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. along with grass patches. August – November. 1, 45.1753, (‘haspan’) . Rasikbil, SB – 3155. Perennial or annual, tufted, up to 60 cm long. 3. Cyperus cyperoides (Linn.) Anthela compound or decompound, lax. Common, mostly found along the margin of Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 333.1898. Scirpus ponds, ditches, water courses and also in paddy cyperoides Linn., Mant. Pl. 2: 181.1771. fields. May – October. Atiamochar, SB – Mariscus sieberianus Nees ex Clarke in 3362. Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 622.1893. 9. Cyperus iria Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, Perennial, 15-70 cm high. Anthela simple, 45.1753. usually evolute.Common, in moist wastelands, Annual, 15-45 cm tall. Anthela simple to cultivated fields and along forest edges. July compound, lax.Common, in paddy and jute – November. Atiamochar, SB – 3143. fields, marshes and along the margins of 4. Cyperus difformis Linn., Sp. Pl. ditches and ponds. July – November. Jamalda, ed. 1, 67.1753. SB – 2961. Tufted annual, up to 45 cm high. Anthela 10. Cyperus nutans Vahl, Enum. Pl. simple, evolute or almost capitately contracted. 2: 363.1806; Common, in marshes, ditches and in paddy Perennial, 30-90 cm high. Anthela compound fields. August – January. Kochbihar, SB – to decompound, lax.Spikes dense.Less AICRPE 3248. Common, in marshes, ditches and at the margin 5. Cyperus digitatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. of ponds also found in agricultural fields. May (eds. Carey and Wall.) 1: 209.1820. – October. Atiamochar, SB – 3436. Perennial, up to 1.5 m high; rhizomes stout, 11. Cyperus pilosus Vahl, Enum. Pl. woody. Anthela compound to decompounds. 2: 354.1806.Cyperus obliquus Nees in Wight, Less common, at the edge of ponds, canals Contrib. Bot. 86. 1830. and in ditches and marshes. July – November. Perennial, 60-90 high; rhizomes stoloniferous. Folimari, SB – 3746. Anthela compound, lax.Common, in marshy 6. Cyperus distans Linn., Suppl. 103. places, also in paddy fields. June – November. 1781. Dewanhat, SB – 3758. Perennial, 0.3-1 m high. Anthela decompound, 12. Cyperus rotundus Linn., Sp. Pl. lax. Less common, in the edges of ditches, ed. 1, 45.1753. (Kasla – Rj.; Mutha - Beng.) ponds and other water bodies sometimes in Perennial, 5-40 cm high; stolons long, slender, other moist places also. April – October. bearing ellipsoid aromatic tuber. Anthela (184) usually simple, sometimes compound. Very November. Bamanhat, SB – 3753. common, weed of waste places, rice fields 2. Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trim. and roadsides. July – December. Atiamochar, ex Henschel, Vita Rumph 186.1833. SB- 3115. Andropogon dulce Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 219.1768. Scirpus plantagineus Retz., Obs. Local Uses: Bot. 5: 14.1789. Eleocharis plantaginea Aqueous extract of underground part of the (Retz.) Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: plant is given to the children one teaspoon 150.1817. full thrice daily in dysentery till cured. A stoloniferous perennial, up to 60 cm high. Inflorescence is tied in the mammary gland Spikelets terete, Common, in swamps and as of cow when suppression of milk takes weeds in paddy fields. July – October. places after delivery. Gitaldaha, SB – 3737. 13. Cyperus squarrosus Linn.in 3. Eleocharis geniculata (Linn.) Torner, Cent. Pl. 2: 6.1756. Cyperus aristatus Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 150.1817. Rottb., Deser. Pl. Rar. Progr. 22: 1772. Scirpus geniculatus Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, Mariscus squarrosus (Linn.) Clarke in Hook. 48.1753. Eleocharis capitata R. Br., Prodr. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 623.1893. 225. 1810, non. Scirpus capitatus Linn. 1753. Tuffted annual, 3-10 cm high. Anthela simple. Annual, 5-30 cm high; Spikelets subglobose to Common, in moist waste places, along with oblong. Common , in marshy lands and drying grasses.
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