DOCSLIB.ORG

Development and Implementation of a Vulnerability Assessment Tool to Inform Decision-Making in Socio-Ecological Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development and Implementation of a Vulnerability Assessment Tool to Inform Decision-Making in Socio-Ecological Systems ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Johnson, Johanna (2018) Development and implementation of a vulnerability assessment tool to inform decision-making in socio-ecological systems. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/s9hy%2D1y32 Copyright © 2018 Johanna Johnson. The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] Fall 08 Development and implementation of a vulnerability assessment tool to inform decision-making in socio-ecological systems Johanna Johnson, MSc College of Science & Engineering PhD Candidate Submitted: October 2017 Revised: August 2018 Statement of Contribution The research presented in this thesis is based on papers published prior to enrolment as per the James Cook University HDR PhD procedures. The papers include some contributions from co-authors. Each chapter is anchored by a paper or book chapter where I am the lead author, and includes a statement of each authors’ contribution. In addition, each chapter is supported by additional publications where I am either the lead or co-author, that strengthen my contribution to the field of work, and these are listed in Appendix 1 as further reading. Acknowledgements My PhD candidature was by prior publication and represents 12 years of work progressing assessments of vulnerability to develop an approach that delivers quantitative results to inform management and conservation. I am grateful for the support of my supervisors: Professors Michael Kingsford and Helene Marsh for advising me as I compiled my ‘story’, for their comments on my PhD ‘package’ and aspects of the work contained within this thesis. The research presented within the thesis was made possible by grants, contract projects, and logistical support from the following (in no particular order): Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Pacific Community (SPC), SPREP, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), WorldFish, Australian Department of Climate Change, James Cook University, Torres Strait Regional Authority, Australian Fisheries Management Authority and the Protected Zone Joint Authority, Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade AusAID program, National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF), USA Climate Change Science Program, USAID Pacific-American Climate Fund, Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, and the Coral Reef Watch program at NOAA. Importantly, I want to thank my partner in life and work, my best friend and kinder half of parenting, David Welch. Without his encouragement and belief in me, and professional inspiration, I would not have taken the steps needed to pull this together. To our precocious and wonderful son, Jake, you can now call me Doc but I still prefer Mama! My close friend and colleague Dr Jeff Maynard provided a consistent and valued source of support (and pressure) during my decision to undertake my PhD, and helped with funding and his unique intellect to bring together a logical and cogent argument. I’m also indebted to other key sources of working inspiration in my life, Dr Johann Bell and Jane Waterhouse. The final versions of most of the figures produced for the thesis were created in collaboration with Dieter Tracey. Editors and reviewers have a thankless job at times so I acknowledge their time, support, and critical comments here. Editors, reviewers, administrative and publishing staff at the following journals all contributed their time and insightful comments to the publications produced during my candidature: Climatic Change, Nature Climate Change, International Journal of Ecology, Reviews in Fisheries Science, Marine Policy, Environmental Management, Conservation Letters, Coral Reefs, Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings, and Wiley Publications. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents, Alkis and Irene Johnson, who have always been supportive of my journey in life, my career as well as all my travels and adventures. Without their support and positive attitude to life, I could not have pursued so many fulfilling projects or dragged my family around the world with me in our magical mystery ride. Table of Contents STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Niche for a new approach 1.2 The challenge for mariNe maNagers 1.3 A novel quantitative vulnerability assessment approach 1.4 Thesis focus and research objectives CHAPTER 2: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS FOR MARINE SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS CHAPTER 3: UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ENABLES ACTIONS TO ADAPT CHAPTER 4: INDICATORS FOR A STRUCTURED FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE CHAPTER 5: VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS AS A TOOL TO ENHANCE RESILIENCE OF SOCIO- ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS CHAPTER 6: QUANTIFYING VULNERABILITY TO TARGET RESILIENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 7: DISCUSSION 7.1 What the research meaNs for theory iN this field 7.2 Current practical aPPlicatioNs of the research 7.3 Future applications and research REFERENCES APPENDIX 1: SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLISHED MATERIAL APPENDIX 2: SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL FOR CHAPTER 5 APPENDIX 3: SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL FOR CHAPTER 6 Abstract The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) identified the implications of global warming and ocean acidification for marine ecosystems worldwide in the second and third assessment reports released in 1995 and 2001, respectively. Evidence of impacts strengthened with the most extensive and severe thermal coral bleaching event globally in 1998, where 16% of the world’s coral reefs were damaged, followed by a second global event in 2002 and a third global event in 2016. Declines in reef habitat consequently affected fish and invertebrate populations, fisheries and resource-dependent communities. In an effort to minimise impacts and support recovery, research focused on gaining a better understanding of the impacts of climate change on marine systems. Importantly, focus also increased on the flow-on effects of ecological impacts to society and economies; coupled socio-ecological systems (SES). This thesis outlines the evolution of a method that provides resource managers faced with climate change, with an assessment approach for focusing local action to increase the resilience of ecosystems by reducing the stresses of human activities. The IPCC defines vulnerability to climate change as “the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes”. Understanding vulnerability initially took the form of qualitative assessments that aimed to include social, ecological and economic information, as have been applied in other domains, such as hazard risk and human health, and linking public and expert knowledge to policy and sustainability governance. Through this body of work and the work of other researchers, these assessments have become more empirical over time, providing information on vulnerability by using an integrated approach that includes scientific data, traditional and community knowledge, and expert elicitation. Information on the responses and impacts of climate change on marine SES also began to show that events were progressing faster than anticipated and some ecosystems were already changing structurally and functionally. Resource-dependent industries, such as fisheries, were already experiencing declines and there was a need for empirical vulnerability assessments to inform adaptation through decision-support tools. This matured vulnerability assessments further with targets for management a critical consideration in developing a structured approach. The objective of this thesis was to review the evolution of climate change vulnerability assessments, and move beyond documenting the responses to and potential impacts of climate change to understanding the flow-on effects to the industries and communities that depend on marine resources, and quantitatively identifying adaptations. This thesis contributes to new knowledge in the field of climate change vulnerability by: • Taking a conceptual model and developing indicators and criteria for quantifying vulnerability to clearly identify the drivers of vulnerability and provide a clear pathway for targeting effective adaptation actions. • Designing a step-wise process that incorporated management objectives and evaluation of results, and • Testing this novel criteria-based method that integrates socio-ecological factors in a range of locations and systems to field test its utility and demonstrate its application in a range of settings. The thesis outlines the development of a Semi-quantitative Vulnerability Assessment (SQA) tool that transforms theory into practice to inform decision-making and support local resource managers in targeting their actions. The method includes explicit steps for setting management objectives, identifying indicators and criteria, and empirically scoring vulnerability to deliver outputs that address management objectives, adaptation planning, policy and resilience-based actions. The rapid assessment tool was applied in different locations and settings to deliver empirical results using available data and expert judgement to support management decisions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wave Data Recording Program
    Wave data recording program Weipa Region 1978–2004 Coastal Sciences data report No. W2004.5 ISSN 1449–7611 Abstract This report provides summaries of primary analysis of wave data recorded in water depths of approximately 5.2m relative to lowest astronomical tide, 10km west of Evans Landing in Albatross Bay, west of Weipa. Data was recorded using a Datawell Waverider buoy, and covers the periods from 22 December, 1978 to 31 January, 2004. The data was divided into seasonal groupings for analysis. No estimations of wave direction data have been provided. This report has been prepared by the EPA’s Coastal Sciences Unit, Environmental Sciences Division. The EPA acknowledges the following team members who contributed their time and effort to the preparation of this report: John Mohoupt; Vince Cunningham; Gary Hart; Jeff Shortell; Daniel Conwell; Colin Newport; Darren Hanis; Martin Hansen; Jim Waldron and Emily Christoffels. Wave data recording program Weipa Region 1978–2004 Disclaimer While reasonable care and attention have been exercised in the collection, processing and compilation of the wave data included in this report, the Coastal Sciences Unit does not guarantee the accuracy and reliability of this information in any way. The Environmental Protection Agency accepts no responsibility for the use of this information in any way. Environmental Protection Agency PO Box 15155 CITY EAST QLD 4002. Copyright Copyright © Queensland Government 2004. Copyright protects this publication. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this report can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without having prior written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • A Diagnostic Study of the Intensity of Three Tropical Cyclones in the Australian Region
    22 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 138 A Diagnostic Study of the Intensity of Three Tropical Cyclones in the Australian Region. Part II: An Analytic Method for Determining the Time Variation of the Intensity of a Tropical Cyclone* FRANCE LAJOIE AND KEVIN WALSH School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Manuscript received 20 November 2008, in final form 14 May 2009) ABSTRACT The observed features discussed in Part I of this paper, regarding the intensification and dissipation of Tropical Cyclone Kathy, have been integrated in a simple mathematical model that can produce a reliable 15– 30-h forecast of (i) the central surface pressure of a tropical cyclone, (ii) the sustained maximum surface wind and gust around the cyclone, (iii) the radial distribution of the sustained mean surface wind along different directions, and (iv) the time variation of the three intensity parameters previously mentioned. For three tropical cyclones in the Australian region that have some reliable ground truth data, the computed central surface pressure, the predicted maximum mean surface wind, and maximum gust were, respectively, within 63 hPa and 62ms21 of the observations. Since the model is only based on the circulation in the boundary layer and on the variation of the cloud structure in and around the cyclone, its accuracy strongly suggests that (i) the maximum wind is partly dependent on the large-scale environmental circulation within the boundary layer and partly on the size of the radius of maximum wind and (ii) that all factors that contribute one way or another to the intensity of a tropical cyclone act together to control the size of the eye radius and the central surface pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • Dugongs Information Valid As of June 2014
    Dugongs Information valid as of June 2014 mortality from boat strike, or chronic indirect Summary pressures on seagrass meadows resulting from declining water quality. Boat strike is more likely to Diversity occur in areas adjacent to population centres and Single species – dugong (Dugong dugon, last entrances to busy ports that may also be important remaining species of the family Dugongidae; Order: foraging grounds for dugongs. These areas might Sirenia) also be exposed to declining water quality from catchment run-off and habitat degradation due to Susceptibility increased coastal and marine development. The Life-history traits that predispose dugongs to threats combination of these pressures over time can cause include being long-lived with low reproductive impacts on dugong health, the availability or health of potential, delayed sexual maturity, high female their food (primarily seagrasses) and eventually the investment in each offspring, migratory (they range status of the population. across international boundaries into areas where they Applied or assessed separately, these pressures may are highly targeted and less protected), and a reliance not seem significant, but research indicates the on inshore habitats which increases their exposure to combined and cumulative impact of these major human-related and land-based threats. pressures present significant concerns for the conservation and management of dugongs in the Major pressures World Heritage Area. Impacts of greatest significance to dugongs south of Cooktown are habitat
    [Show full text]
  • Download Date 28/09/2021 05:31:59
    Dugong Status Report and Action Plans for Countries and Territories Item Type Report Authors Eros, C.; Hugues, J.; Penrose, H.; Marsh, H. Citation UNEP/DEWA/RS.02-1 Publisher UNEP Download date 28/09/2021 05:31:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/317 Figure 5.1 – The Palau region in relation to the Philippines and Indonesia. used to give dugong ribs to a carver who had died performed mainly at night from small boats powered with recently. Locally crafted jewellery from dugong ribs was outboard motors (>35hp). Most dugongs are harpooned on sale at a minimum of four stores in Koror in 1991. At after being chased. A hunter who used to dynamite least two of the retailers knew that this was illegal (Marsh dugongs (Brownell et al. 1981) claimed that he had et al. 1995). This practice had stopped by 1997 (Idechong ceased this practice in 1978. The hunters interviewed in & Smith pers comm. 1998). 1991 maintained that nets are never used to catch The major threat to dugongs in Palau is poaching. dugongs, although some of them knew that netting is an Although hunting is illegal, dugongs are still poached effective capture method. All the hunters were aware that regularly in the Koror area and along the western coast of killing dugongs is illegal. Their overwhelming motive for Babeldaob (Figure 5.2). The extent and nature of hunting hunting is that it is an exciting way to obtain meat. The was investigated by Brownell et al. (1981) and Marsh et illegality adds to the thrill.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnobiological Study of the Usage of Marine Resources by Two Aboriginal Communities on the East Coast of Cape York Peninsula, Australia
    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Smith, Andrew John (1987) An ethnobiological study of the usage of marine resources by two Aboriginal communities on the east coast of Cape York Peninsula, Australia. PhD thesis, James Cook University of North Queensland. Access to this file is available from: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/33712/ If you believe that this work constitutes a copyright infringement, please contact [email protected] and quote http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/33712/ An Ethnobiological Study of the Usage of Marine Resources by Two Aboriginal Communities on the East Coast of Cape York Peninsula, Australia. Thesis submitted by Andrew John SMITH BSc(Hons)(JCUNQ) in December 1987 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Zoology at James Cook University of North Queensland ACCESS I, the undersigned, the author of this thesis, understand that James Cook University of North Queensland will make available for use within the University Library and, by microfilm or other photographic means, allow access to users in other approved' libraries. All users consulting this thesis will have to sign the following statement: "In consulting this thesis I agree not to copy or closely paraphrase it in whole or in part without the written consent of the author; and to make proper written acknowledgement for any assistance which I have obtained from it." Beyond this, I do not wish to place any restriction on access to this thesis. (signature) (date) DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any university or other institution of tertiary education.
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly Beach Profiles 6 I 4.0 ATTACHMENTS
    I ISSN 0158-7749 I I I I I I I I COASTAL OBSERVATION PROGRAMME - ENGINEERING (COPE) TRINITY BEACH -MULGRAVE SHIRE I FOR THE YEARS 1981 TO 1989 I REPORT NO. C27.1 I I I I I I Beach Protection Authority I December 1989 I I I I I I I I I This report was prepared by the Coastal Management Programme of the I Department of Harbours and Marine on behalf of the Beach Protection Authority. All reasonable care and attention has been exercised in the collection, I processing and compilation of the COPE data included in this report. However, the accuracy and reliability of this information is not guaranteed in any way by the Beach Protection Authority and the Authority accepts no I responsibility for the use of this information in any way whatsoever. I I I I I I I I I I I DOCUMENTATION PAGE I REPORT NO.:- C27 .1 TITLE:- Report - Coastal Observation Programme - Engineering (COPE), I Trinity Beach - Mulgrave Shire DATE:- December 1989 I TYPE OF REPORT:- Technical Memorandum PREPARED BY:- Coastal Management Programme of the Department of Harbours and Marine on behalf I of the Beach Protection Authority. ISSUING ORGANISA'llON:- Beach Protection Authority G.P.O. BOX 2595 I BRISBANE QLD 4001 AUSTRALIA I DISTRIBUTION:- Public Distribution I ABSTRACT:- This report provides a summary of primary analyses of COPE data on wind, wave and beach processes observed at Trinity Beach in the Shire of Mulgrave on the north Queensland coast. The data was recorded by volunteer I observers during the period November 1981 to June 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclone Parameter Estimation in the Australian Region
    Tropical Cyclone Parameter Estimation in the Australian Region: Wind-Pressure Relationships and Related Issues for Engineering Planning and Design A Discussion Paper November 2002 by On behalf of Bruce Harper BE PhD Cover Illustration: Bureau of Meteorology image of Severe Tropical Cyclone Olivia, Western Australia, April 1996. Report No. J0106-PR003E November 2002 Prepared by: Systems Engineering Australia Pty Ltd 7 Mercury Court Bridgeman Downs QLD 4035 Australia ABN 65 073 544 439 Tel/Fax: +61 7 3353-0288 Email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.uq.net.au/seng Copyright © 2002 Woodside Energy Ltd Systems Engineering Australia Pty Ltd i Prepared for Woodside Energy Ltd Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………………...………………….……iii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………….………iv 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................1 2 The Need for Reliable Tropical Cyclone Data for Engineering Planning and Design Purposes.2 3 A Brief Overview of Relevant Published Works.........................................................................4 3.1 Definitions............................................................................................................................4 3.2 Dvorak (1972,1973,1975) and Erickson (1972)...................................................................7 3.3 Sheets and Grieman (1975)................................................................................................10 3.4 Atkinson and Holliday
    [Show full text]
  • Cumulative Impact Assessment Supporting Information
    APPENDIX A5 Cumulative Impacts Assessment Supporting Information Appendix A5 Cumulative Impacts Assessment Supporting Information October 2016 1.0 Supporting Information to the Revised Cumulative Impacts Assessment 1.1 Introduction This report provides relevant information that was used to develop the revised cumulative impact assessment prepared as part of this AEIS as outlined in Chapter 25.0 of the AEIS. Information presented below includes: . identification of the potential stressors that may impact upon Sensitive Ecological Receptors . characterisation of the likelihood of occurrence of these stressors . consideration of how the distribution and condition of the Sensitive Ecological Receptors varies over time . the risks of these individual stressors on Sensitive Ecological Receptors in Cleveland Bay. Consistent with recently released guidelines, including the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) Framework for Understanding Cumulative Impacts Supporting Environmental Decisions and Informing Resilience- Based Management of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRMPA Guidelines) (Anthony, Dambacher, Walshe, & Beeden, 2013), the focus of this assessment has been on two particular Sensitive Ecological Receptors; namely coral reefs and seagrass meadows. 1.2 Identified Potential Stressors on Sensitive Ecological Receptors The stressors considered in this cumulative impact analysis are categorised into: . large-scale external drivers, including climate change derived ocean warming and ocean acidification . strong synoptic weather events, especially cyclones . contribution of sediments, nutrients and pesticides, from land-use changes, urban development and sediments re-mobilised by dredging activities . fishing, tourism and marine transport stressors. The key cause-effect relationships discussed in this assessment can be seen in the influence diagram presented in Figure 1. This figure shows the main cause-effect or risk propagation linkages (risk pathways) between stressors and ecological endpoints (Sensitive Ecological Receptors).
    [Show full text]
  • The Anatomical Basis of the Link Between Density And'mechanical
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Functional P lant Biology, 2013, 40, 400-408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/FP12204 The anatomical basis of the link between density and mechanical strength in mangrove branches Nadia S. SantiniA, Nele SchmitzB/C, Vicki BennionA and Catherine E. LovelockA/D AThe School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia, laboratory for Plant Biology and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1 050, Belgium. cLaboratory for W ood Biology and Xylarium, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 1 3, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Tree branches are important as they support the canopy, which controls photo synthetic carbon gain and determines ecological interactions such as competition with neighbours. Mangrove trees are subject to high wind speeds, strong tidal flows and waves that can damage their branches. The survival and establishment of mangroves partly depend on the structural and mechanical characteristics of their branches. In addition, mangroves are exposed to soils that vary in salinity. Highly saline conditions can increase the tension in the water column, imposing mechanical stresses on the xylem vessels. Here, we investigated how mechanical strength, assessed as the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR), and density relate to the anatomical characteristics of intact mangrove branches from southeast Queensland and whether the mechanical strength of branches varies among mangrove species. Mechanical strength was positively correlated with density of mangrove intact branches. Mechanical strength (MOE) varied among species, with Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. branches having the highest mechanical strength (2079 ± 176 MPa), and Rhizophora stylosa Griff, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny ex Lam.
    [Show full text]
  • A Diagnostic Study of the Intensity of Three Tropical Cyclones in the Australian Region
    VOLUME 138 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW JANUARY 2010 A Diagnostic Study of the Intensity of Three Tropical Cyclones in the Australian Region. Part I: A Synopsis of Observed Features of Tropical Cyclone Kathy (1984) FRANCE LAJOIE AND KEVIN WALSH School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (Manuscript received 20 November 2008, in final form 13 May 2009) ABSTRACT Objective streamline analyses and digitized high-resolution IR satellite cloud data have been used to ex- amine in detail the changes in the environmental circulation and in the cloud structure that took place in and around Tropical Cyclone Kathy (1984) when it started to intensify, and during its intensification and dissi- pation stages. The change of low-level circulation around Tropical Cyclone Kathy was measured by the change in the angle of inflow (a4) at a radius of 48 latitude from the cyclone center. When Kathy started to intensify, a4 increased suddenly from 208 to 42.58 in the northerly airstream to the north and northeast of the depression, and decreased to 08 to the south of the depression. At that stage the low-level circulation around the depression appeared as a giant swirl that started some 600 km to the north and northeast of the depression and spiraled inward toward its center, while trade air, which is usually cool, dry, and stable, did not enter the cyclonic circulation. The angle a4 remained the same during intensification. During the dissipation stage, a4 returned to 208 and trade air started to participate in the cyclonic circulation. Satellite cloud data were used to determine the origin, evolution, and importance of the feeder bands in the intensification of the cyclone, to follow the moist near-equatorial air that flowed through them and to estimate the maximum height of cumulonimbi that developed in them, to observe the changes in the convective activity in the central dense overcast (CDO) area, as well as in the area around the CDO.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Blow up North by Kevin Murphy (5.75 MB Pdf)
    �. ,\t to tb& ot 1 n en U. \ on'" a � �e. �\ch .t � ef­ ��T\a &,.1'\11 \u.f\ o \\1 ct,\ca k'Tl\ o• tenc n� a.. � 01e deetf :) n"a r�, I\�,,(') b" -«1� nt\\ li g"Y �­ :\ �\n <qef'.t ngro e tl\a & , utun ;r;'" '" c Bi9BCow up North (A History of Tropicaf cyclones in Australia's Northern Territory) by KEVIN MURPHY --- © KEVIN MURPHY Published by University Planning Authority G.P.O. Box 1154 DAR N, 5794 First tion 1984 ISBN 07245 0660 8 G. L DUFFIELD, Government Printer of the Northern Territory CONTENTS . ... List of photographs .................................. VII Map of Northern Territory cyclone coasts ......... VIII . ............................... ........... Foreword . ....... IX . ... ....................... ......... Preface . ................. X . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Chapter 1 First Experiences Chapter 2 The Great Hurricane ........................................ 11 . ....... ............ Chapter 3 An Active Decade ....................... 19 Chapter 4 The Saga of s.s. Douglas Mawson ......... ............... 27 . ........................ Chapter 5 Darwin Revisited ................... 35 . .......... Chapter 6 The Great Roper Flood ......................... 41 . ..... ............ ....... Chapter 7 The Post-War Period ............... 47 . ....... Chapter 8 Evolution of a Cyclone Warning System ....... 51 Chapter 9 Tracy ............................................................ 55 .. ......... ............... Chapter 10 Kathy ........ ........................ 65 . ................................... .. Notes and
    [Show full text]
  • Disruptive Weather Warnings and Weather Knowledge in Remote Australian Indigenous Communities
    Disruptive weather warnings and weather knowledge in remote Australian Indigenous communities Flat and floodprone, East Kimberley Fuel delivery, Balgo Some of The People, Oombulgarri Research report Dr Douglas Goudie, Research Associate Centre for Disaster Studies, James Cook University, Townsville North Queensland, Australia, For Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne. May 2004. 2 Weather warnings and weather knowledge in remote Indigenous communities Section Topic Page 1 Executive summary 4 Outline of recommendations 7 2 Aims and method 9 3 General background and results overview 13 4 Research outcomes 21 4.1 Traditional weather predictors and some modern issues 58 5 Definitions, language, cognition and behaviour 65 5.1 Language and symbols 66 5.2 Why we do what we do 75 6 Extreme weather impacts – old 82 7 Extreme weather impacts - recent 98 8 Third Millennium approach to hazards 118 9 Risk communication 124 10 Discussion 138 11 Core outcomes and recommendations 143 12 Conclusions 166 References 168 Appendix 174 1 Survey guide A2 2 Permission form A3 3 Record details of all communities reported A8 Maps 4.1 Remote Aboriginal Communities surveyed 21 4.2 Cape York and Torres Straight communities surveyed 22 4.3 Coastal northern Queensland communities surveyed 23 4.4 East Kimberley communities surveyed 24 Tables 7.1 Time respondents became aware of Cyclone Tracy danger 106 7.2 Precautions before Cyclone Tracy 106 7.3 Evaluation of reactions to warning and reasons for reactions 106 8.1 CDS Evacuation matrix: responses to threats 119
    [Show full text]