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Report on the Reactive Monitoring Mission to Talamanca Range La Amistad Reserves/La Amistad National Park – Costa Rica and Panama from 17 to 24 January

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Report on the Reactive Monitoring Mission to Talamanca Range La Amistad Reserves/La Amistad National Park – Costa Rica and Panama from 17 to 24 January World Heritage 37 COM Patrimoine mondial Distribution limited / limitée Paris, 3 June / 3 juin 2013 Original: English UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE CONVENTION CONCERNANT LA PROTECTION DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL, CULTUREL ET NATUREL WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE / COMITE DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL Thirty-seventh session / Trente-septième session Phnom Penh, Cambodia / Phnom Penh, Cambodge 16-27 June 2013 / 16-27 juin 2013 Item 7 of the Provisional Agenda: State of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List and/or on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Point 7 de l’Ordre du jour provisoire: Etat de conservation de biens inscrits sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial et/ou sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial en péril MISSION REPORT / RAPPORT DE MISSION Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park (Costa Rica, Panama) (205bis) Réserves de la cordillère de Talamanca-La Amistad / Parc national La Amistad (Costa Rica, Panama) (205bis) 17 to 24 January 2013 This mission report should be read in conjunction with Document: Ce rapport de mission doit être lu conjointement avec le document suivant: WHC-13/37.COM/ 7B IUCN REPORT ON THE REACTIVE MONITORING MISSION TO TALAMANCA RANGE LA AMISTAD RESERVES/LA AMISTAD NATIONAL PARK – COSTA RICA AND PANAMA FROM 17 TO 24 JANUARY 2013 Photo © [Robert Hofstede] Robert Hofstede Alan Monroy Ojeda IUCN Representatives February 2013 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The mission would like to thank the governments of Costa Rica and Panama and, in particular, the Ministry of the Environment and Energy (MINAE) and the National Environmental Authority (ANAM) respectively for all the support they provided during the mission. Likewise, the mission would like to acknowledge all the persons that have provided valuable information and opinions. Interaction took place with various farmer and indigenous communities, government agencies, NGO's and private companies, in various settings. We are deeply indebted to all these people and hope that this report reflects their points of view as accurately as possible. 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 6 1. BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION ........................................................................................................... 7 Inscription history and concerns previously raised by the Committee .................................................... 7 Inscription criteria and World Heritage values ......................................................................................... 8 Justification of the mission ....................................................................................................................... 9 Mission activities ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2. NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTY.................................................................................................................................................... 10 Legislation, institutional framework and management structure of protected areas in Costa Rica and Panama ................................................................................................................................................... 10 The case of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................................... 10 The case of Panama ............................................................................................................................ 10 The Transboundary Agreement and the Binational Commission ........................................................... 11 3. IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ISSUES/THREATS .................................................................. 11 Assessment of overall management effectiveness................................................................................. 11 Overall management .......................................................................................................................... 11 Assessment of threats ............................................................................................................................. 12 Hydroelectric dam construction ......................................................................................................... 12 Cattle ranching and other agricultural activities................................................................................. 15 Road construction ............................................................................................................................... 16 Mining ................................................................................................................................................. 16 Illicit crops ........................................................................................................................................... 16 4. ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF THE PROPERTY ................................................. 17 Evaluation of threats ............................................................................................................................... 17 Outstanding Universal Value .................................................................................................................. 18 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................... 19 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 20 Annex I – Decision 35COM 7B.29 . Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park (Costa Rica / Panama) (N 205bis) The World Heritage Committee, ........................................................... 22 Annex II – Terms of Reference .................................................................................................................... 23 Annex III – Mission itinerary and program. ................................................................................................ 25 Annex IV– List of people attending the various meeting during mission ................................................... 26 Annex V– Maps ........................................................................................................................................... 29 Annex VI – Photographs .............................................................................................................................. 34 Annex VII – List of documents received during the mission ....................................................................... 39 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The reactive monitoring mission to the Talamanca Range La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park, Costa Rica and Panama from 17 to 24 January 2013, assessed the threat posed by ongoing dam construction in Panama, by potential dam developments and mining in Costa Rica, and from the planned road traversing the property from Boquete to Bocas del Toro, in order to make a recommendation regarding the possible inscription of the property on the list of World Heritage in Danger. The mission spoke to representatives of governmental agencies of different relevant sectors, indigenous peoples' organizations, mestizo farmers, agencies/companies in charge of developing hydropower plants, academy and NGO's. This was done during field visits to areas within and surrounding the property and to both Capital cities. Conclusions The mission concludes that there are still serious threats to several of the elements of the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the property, specifically originating from the ongoing development of hydroelectric power plants. Some localized irreversible damage has been done to, especially, fresh water biodiversity on the Panamanian side of the property. Nevertheless, given that there are still many intact river systems in the property and that for now, there are no other projects (hydropower, mining, roads) in concrete planning stages, the actual threats are not yet of such a magnitude that they justify the inclusion of the property on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Any concrete development of new economic projects (including new hydropower projects, any road crossing the property and mining within the property or in the buffer zone) would represent ascertained danger in accordance with paragraph 180 of the Operational Guidelines and imply that the property would then meet the conditions for inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger. The mission is deeply concerned by the social conflicts related to the hydroelectric dams in both countries. This not only puts cultural aspects of the property at risk but also puts the governance situation of the wider region under pressure and multiplies the direct threats originating from the economic development projects. The mission recognizes good efforts from the state parties to mitigate the threats, which seem to have
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