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Moe, Final Document The Development of the Brass Band Movement in North America: An Analysis of the Structure, History, and Condition of Active British-Style Brass Bands. by Nathanael Moe, M.M., B.M. A Doctoral Project In Music Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS Approved Dr. Andrew Stetson Chair of Committee Dr. Lisa Garner Professor James Decker Dr. Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School May 2020 Copyright 2020, Nathanael Moe Texas Tech University, Nathanael Moe, May 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project is the conclusion to my dream of achieving my doctorate in music that started twelve years. Along the way, I have had some incredible mentors, teachers, and friends; but most importantly, I must thank my parents. Without their incredible financial help, moral support, and guidance, I would not have made it this far. Next, I would like to thank Darrell Bartel, who, without even knowing me, recognized the potential in my playing and invested so much time into training me from an early age. It was from him that I learned the value of hard work, and because of him that I have become who I am today. To all my other teachers, Mark Baldin, Dr. Frank Hanson, Eric M. Berlin, I owe a debt of gratitude for patiently teaching me how to be a mature musician and educator. Most importantly, Dr. Stetson, who graciously invited me to study with him here at Texas Tech University. You pushed me harder than I thought possible to be a better person, musician, and educator. To my committee. Dr. Stetson, Dr. Garner, and Prof. Decker, who provided endless hours of help and guidance through my entire degree. Watching them teach, perform, and interact in their respective studios has taught me what it means and looks like to be an effective educator. ii Texas Tech University, Nathanael Moe, May 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................. vi I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 Need for Study ................................................................................................................. 3 Purpose of This Study ..................................................................................................... 5 Definition of Terms ......................................................................................................... 6 Various Types of Brass Bands ................................................................................. 6 Other Terms .............................................................................................................. 9 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 10 II. REVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH ....................................................... 11 Brass Bands in Great Britain ........................................................................................ 11 Pre-history ................................................................................................................ 11 Technology ............................................................................................................... 13 The Salvation Army ................................................................................................ 15 The “Golden Age” .................................................................................................. 16 The Twentieth Century .......................................................................................... 18 Brass Bands in North America .................................................................................... 19 Early North American Music ................................................................................ 19 The Salvation Army in the United States ............................................................ 21 Mid-century Renewing Interest ............................................................................. 23 The Twentieth Century .......................................................................................... 26 Research Regarding Specific Bands ............................................................................. 27 Recent Surveys Related to Brass Banding .................................................................. 28 III. METHODOLOGY....................................................................................... 31 Assembly of the List ...................................................................................................... 31 Development of Survey ................................................................................................ 32 Software used for Survey .............................................................................................. 32 IV. RESULTS ...................................................................................................... 34 Results from the Survey ................................................................................................ 34 Presentation of Data ...................................................................................................... 34 iii Texas Tech University, Nathanael Moe, May 2020 Historical Data ......................................................................................................... 35 Current Demographics and Instrumentation ...................................................... 37 Administrative Structure and Rehearsals/Performances .................................. 55 Community Support and Repertoire .................................................................... 66 Competition/Organization Participation ............................................................ 74 V. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................. 79 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 79 Historical Data Summary ....................................................................................... 80 Current Demographics and Instrumentation Summary .................................... 81 Organizational and Administrative Structure Summary .................................... 83 Community Support and Repertoire Summary .................................................. 84 Participation in Competitions/Organizations Summary ................................... 85 Suggestions for Further Research ................................................................................ 86 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 86 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 88 APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 91 A. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD APPROVAL LETTER ............... 91 B. SURVEY CONSENT PAGE ......................................................................... 93 C. CORRESPONDENCE .................................................................................. 94 D. NORTH AMERICAN BRASS BAND SURVEY ........................................ 96 E. CURRENT BRASS BANDS WITH AN INTERNET PRESENCE BY STATE ............................................................................ 107 F. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CURRENT BRASS BANDS WITH AN INTERNET PRESENCE ...................................................... 112 iv Texas Tech University, Nathanael Moe, May 2020 ABSTRACT The tradition of brass bands is a movement that has existed in North America, much like in Europe, since the seventeenth century. British-style brass bands appeared on the continent near the end of the nineteenth century, seem to have slowly gained popularity since the 1980s. Research regarding structure, history, and condition of the movement and the bands that make up the movement has needed updating. The purpose of this study is to provide an update on the status of the brass band movement in North America through the lens of currently functioning brass bands that possess an internet presence. Representatives from presently operating brass bands completed a survey in REDCap software, which assesses each band's history, demographics, instrumentation, organizational and administrative structure, community support, and participation in competitions and organizations. The data from this study showed that most participating brass bands began after 1980 and that, although participants indicated an interest in brass band contests, less than half actively compete in them. Many responding bands reported a low estimated annual budget and relied on its members to provide their equipment and uniforms. Finally, most bands that participated in the study reported that they purchase their music from an internet source, while a minority of bands rely on their members to write and arrange their music. v Texas Tech University, Nathanael Moe, May 2020 LIST OF FIGURES 6.1 Founding year of participating bands ..............................................................
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