Landscape Change Across the Border La Jonquera – Le Perthus
Katarzyna Bromka, Karolina Kozak, Izabela Krzewina,
Miquel Saludas, Sebastian Rossi, Mariana Verdonen, Girona 2013 1. Introduction 2. Historical background 3. Theoretical background 4. Data and methods 5. Results 6. Conclusions 7. References 1. Introduction
This work is the result of field exercise “Border Landscapes across Europe” which took place in Catalonia from 5th to 18th May 2013.
It is an international project which brings together students of the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznan (Poland), Universitat de Girona (Catalonia, Spain) and University of Eastern Finland. 1. Introduction
` How does the land use change across the border and why?
` How has it changed during the years? 1. Introduction
Photo: Mariana Verdonen
North-east of Spain 1. Introduction
` Le Perthus
` Photo: Katarzyna Bromka Southern France 1. Introduction
http://passes-montagnes.fr/htlm1/le_boulou.html
Southern France 1. Introduction ` The subject of our report is about the landscape changes across the Catalan-French border.
Catalan town La Jonquera and the Catalan - French neighbourhood of Le Perthus. 2. Historical background
` La Jonquera
http://www.todocoleccion.net/postal-jonquera-carrer-major-animada~x5852483 2. Historical background
` El Pertus
http://pictures2.todocoleccion.net/tc/2009/01/30/11775433.jpg 2. Historical background
` El Boulou
http://www.mairie-leboulou.fr/fwadmin/mix_upload/photo_le_boulou.jpg 3. Theoretical background
Concept of Landscape has many meanings:
` the meaning of the term changes with changing environmental conditions,
` when different stakeholders perceive the landscape with different intentions. 3. Theoretical background
` There are a lot of definitions of landscape, for example: landscape is synthesis that embraces geo- ecological relations, spatial patterns, scenic and aesthetical qualities and even social and cultural traditions (Claval, 2004)
` landscape changes can be a result of natural processes or human activity. 3. Theoretical background
` In our report the landscape is seen as a combination of cultural and natural landscape.
Le Perthus. Photo: Karolina Kozak 3. Theoretical background
` Land use is the human use of land. Land use includes the management and modification of natural environment into built environment, for example, fields and settlements. 4. Data and methods
` Data Ń From ICC x Aerial photographs Ń From CREAF x Land cover (2009) Ń From Nexux Geografics x Land use (1992, 1997 & 2002) 4. Data and methods
` Methods Ń Darby´s cross-section method x Not a formal analyse method x Usefull when using different sources of data x A narrative analyse of key points in history x Explaining the reasons behind the changes of land use Ń GIS x Visualising the land use and cover Ń The visual analyse of aerial photos 5. Results 5. Results 5. Results 5. Results
Spanish part of urban area of Le Perthus in 1956.
Spanish part of urban area of Le Perthus in 2012. 5. Results
Urban area of Le Perthus in1990.
Urban area of Le Perthus in year 1990 in relation to 2012. 5. Results
Urban area of Le Perthus in 2012. 5. Results
Urban area of La Jonquera in 1956.
Urban area of La Jonquera in 2012. 5. Results
Urban area of La Jonquera in 1990.
Urban area of La Jonquera in 2012. 5. Results
Urban area of La Jonquera in year 2012. 5. Results 5. Results Land use of La Jonquera 1992-2002 (%). Increased in green and decreased in red.
Category 1992 1997 2002 Road infrastructure 2,28 2,81 2,93 Urban area - 0,5 0,5 Villages 0,97 0,4 0,44 Industrial and commercial area 0,11 0,07 0,07 Rainfed arable crops 3,74 3,23 2,41 Irrigated herbaceous crops - - 0,09 Dry fruit trees 0,06 0,18 0,13 Vineyards 0,28 0,14 0,17 Woods and meadows 18,91 22,26 21,7 Sclerophyllous forest 65,53 61,65 60,69 Deciduous forest 7,77 7,95 10,15 Soil with little or no vegetation 0,33 0,77 0,6 6. Conclusions
` Land use has changed in the area of La Jonquera the most Ń Traditional forestry has almost disappeared Ń Commercial areas have increased in size Ń The forest area has increased ` There are more roads in the area ` In the French side the use of land has not changed much ` The Le Perthus town has increased its commercial area. 7. References Antrop, M. (2006). From holistic landscape synthesis to transdisciplinary landscape management. In: Tress, B., Tres, G., Fry, G. & Opdam, P. (eds): From Landscape Research to Landscape Planning: Aspects of Integration, Education and Application, 33-34.
Baker, A (2003). Geography and History: Bridging the divide. University of Cambridge, Cambridge university press.
Claval, P.L., (2004). The languages of rural landscapes. In: Palang, H. (ed.) European rural landscapes: persistence and change in a globalising environment. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 11-40.
CREAF (2013). Mapa de Cobertes del Sòl de Catalunya. http://www.creaf.uab.es/mcsc/poligons3.htm 15th May 2013
Nexux Geografics (2013). http://dmah.nexusgeografics.com/ 15th May 2013
Tanskanen, M. (2008). In K. Soini., E. Pouta, T. Kivinen & M. Uusitalo (eds). Maaseutumaisemien muutos, arvottaminen ja eurooppalainen maisemayleissopimus. http://www.mtt.fi/met/pdf/met135.pdf. 15th May 2013.
Tanskanen, M. (2011). In R. Zoran, P. Clavan & J. Agnew (eds). Landscapes, identities and development.The cultivated mire landscape as a mirror of Finnish society, 195-206.
Mairie du Boulou (2010). http://www.mairie-leboulou.fr/pgs/page.php?rid=2&pid=13. 15th May 1023
Markuszewska, I. (2013), Landscape ecology, Lecture at the Esterri d’Àneu, 8th May 2013.
Moles, A. The Landscape Strategy of Andorra, Ministry of Tourism and Environment of Andorra, 8th May 2013.
Generalitat de Catalunya (2013). www.gencat.cat/catalunya/eng/ 15th May 2013r.
Ajuntament de La Jonquera (2013). http://webspobles.ddgi.cat/sites/la_jonquera/Pages_LeftMenu/historia.aspx 15th May 2013 http://pyreneescatalanes.free.fr/Villages/Histoire/LePerthus.php 15th May 2013
Joan Becat i Rajaut (2013). www.masiterra.cat/arquitecturapopular_en/vallespir.html 15th May 2013
ICC, Institut Cartografic de Catalunia (2013). http://www.icc.cat/vissir3/index.html?lang=eng. 16th May 2013
Martin, J (2013). Oral information. 16th May 2013.
Europa, Summaries of EU legislation (2013). http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/free_movement_of_persons_asylum_immigration/l3302 0_en.htm 16th May 2013