Going to New Depths JSC Column
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Breathing & Buoyancy Control: Stop, Breathe, Think, And
Breathing & Buoyancy control: Stop, Breathe, Think, and then Act For an introduction to this five part series see: House of Cards 'As a child I was fascinated by the way marine creatures just held their position in the water and the one creature that captivated my curiosity and inspired my direction more than any is the Nautilus. Hanging motionless in any depth of water and the inspiration for the design of the submarine with multiple air chambers within its shell to hold perfect buoyancy it is truly a grand master of the art of buoyancy. Buoyancy really is the ultimate Foundation skill in the repertoire of a diver, whether they are a beginner or an explorer. It is the base on which all other skills are laid. With good buoyancy a problem does not become an emergency it remains a problem to be solved calmly under control. The secret to mastery of buoyancy is control of breathing, which also gives many additional advantages to the skill set of a safe diver. Calming one's breathing can dissipate stress, give a sense of well being and control. Once the breathing is calmed, the heart rate will calm too and any situation can be thought through, processed and solved. Always ‘Stop, Breathe, Think and then Act.' Breath control is used in martial arts as a control of the flow of energy, in prenatal training and in child birth. At a simpler more every day level, just pausing to take several slow deep breaths can resolve physical or psychological stress in many scenarios found in daily life. -
Webzine L'astrofilo
WEBZINE DISTRIBUITO WETBRZAIMNIET E D INSTRERIBNUEIT TO TRAMITE INTERNET il mensile dell’astronomo dilettante numero 24 - novembre 2010 l’ A L’INAF apre S gli archivi T R O F I L Astrofotografia senza telescopio O Leonidi 2010 e oltre: le previsioni per tutte le informazioni su questo telescopio e sulla nostra intera produzione di strumenti per astronomia, visita il nostro sito www.northek.it oppure contattaci [email protected] tel. +39 (0)1599521 ? ! A ly S ta U I n n i i e e d d a a m m , o Ritchey-Chrétien n 250 mm f/8.5 tubo truss aperto o chiuso lunghezza 700 mm peso 16 kg il mix ottimale fra qualità e trasportabilità lA ’ STROFILO anno III - numero 24 - novembre 2010 il mensile di scienza e tecnica dedicato all'astronomo dilettante direttore responsabile IN COPERTINA Michele Ferrara La storica Specola dell’Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova ospitata sulla sommità del Torlonga. Questa suggestiva direttore scientifico immagine è stata ottenuta dall’astronomo Enrico Giro con Enrico Maria Corsini una Canon EOS 300D e filtro IR che taglia a 690 nm. editore, redazione, diffusione e pubblicità Astro Publishing di Pirlo L. Via Bonomelli, 106 25049 Iseo (BS) AA.VV. www.astropublishing.com 4 [email protected] Mondo astrofilo servizi internet Aruba S.p.A. SABRINA MASIERO P.zza Garibaldi, 8 14 52010 Soci (AR) L’INAF apre gli archivi registrazione MARCEL CLEMENS Tribunale di Brescia n. 51 del 19/11/2008 20 Astrofotografia senza telescopio abbonamento annuale 12 numeri telematici ALESSANDRO MARINETTI euro ZERO. La rivista viene distribuita gratuitamente. -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
Stiddmil.Com POWER POD RNAV2 SIMULATOR
DPD2 • RNAV2 • AP2 • OM2 • AC2 • POWER POD • CP2 CATALOG 22 POWER POD NEW! RNAV2 SIMULATOR Manned & Autonomous Vehicles with Navigation, Control & Communications for EOD and Maritime SOF stiddmil.com MADE IN U.S.A. Manned or Autonomous... The “All-In-One” Vehicle Moving easily between manned and autonomous roles, STIDD’s new generation of propulsion vehicles provide operators innovative options for an increasingly complex underwater environment. Over the past 20 years, STIDD built its Submersible line and flagship product, the Diver Propulsion Device (DPD), around the basic idea that divers would prefer riding a vehicle instead of swimming. Today, STIDD focuses on another simple, but transformative goal: design, develop, and integrate the most advanced Precision Navigation, Control, Communications, and Automation Technology available into the DPD to make that ride easier, more effective, and when desired . RIDERLESS! DPD2 - Manned Mode 1 DPD2 - OM2 Mode Precision Navigation, Control, Communications & Automation System for the DPD POWERED BY RNAV2 GREENSEA Building on the legacy of its Diver Propulsion Device (DPD), the most widely used combat vehicle of its kind, STIDD designed and developed a system of DPD Navigation, Control, Communications, and Automation features which enable a seamless transition between Manned and fully Autonomous modes. RNAV2 was developed by STIDD partnering with Greensea as the backbone of this capability. RNAV2 is powered by Greensea’s patent-pending OPENSEA™ operating platform, which not only enables RNAV2’s open architecture, but also seamlessly integrates STIDD’s OM2/AP2 Diver Assist /S2 Sonar/ AC2 Communications products into an intuitive, easy to use, autonomous system. When fully configured with the Precision Navigation, Control & Automation System including RNAV2/ OM2/AP2/S2/AC2, any DPD easily transitions between Manned, DPD with RNAV2 Installed Semi-Autonomous, and Full-Autonomous modes. -
Law of Hydrostatics‘’)
10 LAW OF HYDROSTATICS‘’) 10.1 INTRODUCTION When a fluid is at rest, there is no shear stress and the pressure at any point in the fluid is the same in all directions. The pressure is also the same across any longitudinal section parallel with the Earth’s surface; it varies only in the vertical direction, that is, from height to height. This phenomenon gives rise to hydrostatics, the subject title for this chapter. Following this introduction, this chapter addresses (once again) pressure principles, buoyancy effects (including Archimedes’ Law), and manometry principles. 10.2 PRESSURE PRINCIPLES Consider a differential element of fluid of height, dz, and uniform cross-section area, S. The pressure, P, is assumed to increase with height, z. The pressure at the bottom surface of the differential fluid element is P; at the top surface, it is P + dP. Thus, the net pressure difference, dP, on the element is acting downward. A force balance on this element in the vertical direction yields: downward pressure force - upward pressure force + gravity force = 0 (10.1) Fluid Flow for the Pmcticing Chemical Engineer. By J. Pahick Abulencia and Louis Theodore Copyright 0 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 97 98 LAW OF HYDROSTATICS so that g (P + dP)S - PS + PS-dz = 0 gc g -(dP)S - p-S(dz) = 0 (1 0.2) gc As describe’ in Chapter 2, one has a choice as to whether to inc.Jde g, in the describ- ing equation(s). As noted, the term g, is a conversion constant with a given magnitude and units, e.g., 32.2 (lb/lbf)(ft/s2) or dimensionless with a value of unity, for example, g, = 1.0. -
Neutral Buoyancy Technologies for Extended Performance Testing of Advanced Space Suits
2003-01-2415 Neutral Buoyancy Technologies for Extended Performance Testing of Advanced Space Suits David L. Akin and Jeffrey R. Braden Space Systems Laboratory, University of Maryland Copyright © 2003 SAE International ABSTRACT Performance of new space suit designs is typically Orlan suit. Similarly, focus on manned missions to Mars tested quantitatively in laboratory tests, at both the and return to the Lunar surface provide the drive to component and integrated systems levels. As the suit develop advance space suit systems for these moves into neutral buoyancy testing, it is evaluated endeavors. qualitatively by experienced subjects, and used to perform tasks with known times in earlier generation The development of new, or improved, suit components suits. This paper details the equipment design and test typically culminates in laboratory tests which methodology for extended space suit performance quantitatively measure the performance characteristics metrics which might be achieved by appropriate of the new component. Tests at this level may include instrumentation during operational testing. This paper bench-top measurements of joint torque, range of presents a candidate taxonomy of testing categories motion, strength and/or durability. Next, improved applicable to EVA systems, such as reach, mobility, components are integrated into the suit system and workload, and so forth. In each category, useful tested at the systems level; again, typically through technologies are identified which will enable the standard joint torque, range of motion and strength/ necessary measurements to be made. In the subsequent durability tests [1] [2]. section, each of these technologies are examined for feasibility, including examples of existing technologies At this point, further performance data is typically where available. -
NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA’s “Big Bang” Service Delivery Transformation: Shared Services in the Cloud Paul Rydeen NASA Shared Services Center (NSSC) Enterprise Service Center (ESC) Program Manager Agenda • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Overview • NASA Shared Services Center (NSSC) Overview • Where We Are Today • The Migration To The Cloud • Top Takeaways NASA Vision • We reach for new heights and reveal the unknown for the benefit of humankind NASA Mission Statement • Drive advances in science, technology, aeronautics and space exploration to enhance knowledge, education, innovation, economic vitality and stewardship of Earth NASA Centers The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) • 17,605 Civil Service employees and 28,693 contractors at or near 10 Field Centers and NASA Headquarters • Four Mission Directorates: – Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate – Human Exploration & Operations Mission Directorate – Science Mission Directorate – Space Technology Mission Directorate • NASA’s FY17 budget is $19.0 billion What is the NASA Shared Services Center (NSSC)? • A business model for delivering support services • Provides high-quality service and achieves cost savings for NASA • Opened for service in March 2006 Why Shared Services for NASA? • Reduces resources expended for support • Provides better quality, more timely services at lower cost • Improves data integrity, consistency, and accountability • Standardizes core business processes • Facilitates process re-engineering and -
Stone Aerospace Saves 12 Weeks in Cabling Design by Implementing a Digital Design Process
SUCCESS STORY ® Zuken’s software solution for electrical wiring, control systems and fluid engineering. Stone Aerospace saves 12 weeks in cabling design by implementing a digital design process “We achieved substantial productivity gains because engineers had a very clear picture of what one another were doing, and because of the automated checks performed by the software.“ John Harman, Electrical Engineer, Stone Aerospace ZUKEN - The Partner for Success SUCCESS STORY Stone Aerospace saves 12 weeks in cabling design by implementing a digital design process Stone Aerospace faced the pressure of a tight schedule in designing Results a one-of-a-kind underwater autonomous vehicle (AUV) capable • Elimination of $20,000 in cable of traveling 15km under the Antarctic ice shelf. The AUV acts as a rework and expedited delivery costs testing ground to validate an aircraft-mounted radar system that • Design cycle reduction by 12 weeks will be used in a space mission. The time needed to design the wiring • Ability to view the electrical and harness for the AUV was reduced by around 12 weeks and $20,000 physical design of the entire craft in was saved by using E3.series to automate many aspects of the design a single hierarchical view process, while integrating the logical and physical design on a single • E ective design team collaboration platform. created common nomenclature improving quality and cutting errors The search for life in space aspects such as temperature, depth and water current velocities, and to identify • Automated checks ensured correct Scientists believe that underneath the microbiological communities. connector selections. icy surface of Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons, is a vast ocean thought to be the Cable design challenges most likely location for finding life in our solar system. -
DIVING DOWN DEEP TI-Nspire™ Lab Activity
*AP is a trademark owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. DIVING DOWN DEEP TI-Nspire™ Lab Activity Background The Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) is a deep pool located inside the NASA Sonny Carter Training Facility in Houston, Texas. The NBL is 61.6 m (202 ft) long, 31.1 m (102 ft) wide, and 12.2 m (40 ft) deep, which allows two different training activities to be performed simultaneously at either end of the pool. The NBL is large enough to hold full-sized models of International Space Station (ISS) modules, spacecraft (like the Orion Crew Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle) and flight payloads. The NBL uses neutral buoyancy to train astronauts for spacewalks. Being in a neutrally buoyant state is similar to the feel of weightlessness in space. In a neutrally buoyant state, an object has an equal tendency to float as it does to sink. Objects in the NBL, including humans, are made neutrally buoyant using a combination of weights and flotation devices. In such a state, even a heavy object can be easily manipulated, as is the case in the microgravity of space. When training in the NBL, astronauts wear pressurized Extra-vehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) suits, the same as those worn in space. Out of the water, these EMU suits weigh approximately 127 kg (280 lbs). During training, the EMU-suited astronauts are assisted by at least four professional support divers wearing regulation SCUBA gear. Figure 1: An astronaut and assisting SCUBA divers in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory www.nasa.gov Diving Down Deep: TI-Nspire Lab Activity 1/4 For every hour the astronaut is scheduled for a mission spacewalk, the dive team will spend seven hours training in the water. -
Optimal Buoyancy Computer
The Optimal Buoyancy Computer A Tool to Help Nail Buoyancy And Improve Safety, Before You Splash Table of Contents Quick Start................................................................. 2 Introduction……………………………………………... 3 Using the Optimal Buoyancy Computer with Excel.... 4 Diver&Dive Tab....……........…………………………… 5 Personal Buoyancy Tab.............................................. 6 Suit Tab ...................................................................... 9 Wetsuit-specific data............................................... 9 Drysuit-specific data................................................ 11 Rig Tab ....................................................................... 13 Tanks Tab ....... .......................................................... 15 QuikResults Tab......................................................... 18 Lift Tab....................……….......………………………. 21 Lift Considerations for multiple tanks ..................... 25 Fine Tuning the Lift Tab............................................... 30 Wetsuit Buoyancy Controversies: Ditching Weight ..... 32 Drysuit Buoyancy Controversies: Ditching Weight....... 36 Balanced Rig Tab—Theory.......................................... 39 The Calcs Tab ........................................................... 45 Advanced Excel: Comparing Configurations Quickly... 46 Spreadsheet Assumptions……………………………... 53 Disclaimer ................................................................... 54 This educational tool is provided without restriction, with the understanding -
Development of Nereid-UI: a Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle for Oceanographic Access Under Ice
Development of Nereid-UI: A Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle for Oceanographic Access Under Ice Presented at the 9th Annual Polar Technology Conference, 2-4 April 2013 Louis L. Whitcomb1,2,Andrew D. Bowen1, Dana R. Yoerger1, Christopher German1, James C. Kinsey1, Larry Mayer1,3, Michael V. Jakuba1, Daniel Gomez-Ibanez1, Christopher L. Taylor1, Casey Machado1, Jonathan C. Howland1, Carl Kaiser1, Matthew Heintz1 1Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University 3Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire Photo courtesy S. McPhail, NOC Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution World’s largest private ocean research institution ~900 Employees, 143 Scientific Staff $160M Annual Budget • Biology • Chemistry • Geology • Physical Oceanography • Engineering • Marine Policy Deep Ocean Oceanography: The D.S.V. Alvin 4500m Submersible Image Credit: Rod Catenach © WHOI Catenach Credit: Rod Image Crew: 3 = 1 pilot + 2 scientist Depth: 4500m (6,500m soon) Endurance: 6-10 Hours Speed: 1 m/s Mass: 7,000 Kg Length: 7.1m Power: 81 KWH Life Support: 72 Hours x 3 Persons Ph.D. Student James Kinsey Dives: >4,700 (since 1964) Passengers: >14,000 (since 1964) Jason II ROV Specifications: Size: 3.2 x 2.4 x 2.2 m Weight 3,300 kg Depth 6,500 m Power 40 kW (50 Hp) Payload: 120 Kg (1.5 Ton) First Dive: 2002 Dives: >600 Dive Time: >12,500 Hours* Bottom Time: >10,600 Hours* Longest Dive: 139 Hours* Deepest Dive: 6,502 m* Distance: >4,800 km* * As of Feb, 2012 Electric thrusters, twin hydraulic manipulator arms. -
Visionary Counting on Unmanned Vehicles
Visionary Counting on Unmanned Vehicles By Rich Tuttle Bill Stone, the founder of Stone Aerospace, has a vision—several visions, in fact—and unmanned vehicles play a part in a number of them. His Austin, Texas-based company developed and built the DEPTHX robot that last May conducted the first comprehensive exploration of the world’s deepest sink hole, El Zacaton in Mexico. It brought back enough data to keep scientists enthralled for some time. An unmanned system based on DEPTHX (DEep Phreatic—meaning underwater cave—THermal eXplorer) will be tested in Antarctica beginning next year to help determine the suitability of such a device to meet, in about 20 years, what’s been called the ultimate robotic challenge: exploring the ice- covered ocean of Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Scientists believe there’s a high probability of detecting the first life off Earth in that remote and ancient sea. That's one vision. The challenges would fill a book: melting through many kilometers of ice just to get to the ocean, for instance. That will be addressed in the Antarctica experiments. But DEPTHX does seem to have demonstrated the possibility of clearing two other key hurdles—surviving in a three-dimensional, unexplored environment without external navigation aids; and carrying out science experiments autonomously. DEPTHX's abilities are two generations beyond those of the Spirit and Opportunity rovers on Mars right now, Stone says in an interview. Every move of the Mars vehicles is based on a carefully prepared script. But, Stone says, “in the case of Europa, it can’t be that way.” The computer brain of a Europa probe would have to be wired to achieve “global” objectives, he says.