Wetsuit User Manual
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Breathing & Buoyancy Control: Stop, Breathe, Think, And
Breathing & Buoyancy control: Stop, Breathe, Think, and then Act For an introduction to this five part series see: House of Cards 'As a child I was fascinated by the way marine creatures just held their position in the water and the one creature that captivated my curiosity and inspired my direction more than any is the Nautilus. Hanging motionless in any depth of water and the inspiration for the design of the submarine with multiple air chambers within its shell to hold perfect buoyancy it is truly a grand master of the art of buoyancy. Buoyancy really is the ultimate Foundation skill in the repertoire of a diver, whether they are a beginner or an explorer. It is the base on which all other skills are laid. With good buoyancy a problem does not become an emergency it remains a problem to be solved calmly under control. The secret to mastery of buoyancy is control of breathing, which also gives many additional advantages to the skill set of a safe diver. Calming one's breathing can dissipate stress, give a sense of well being and control. Once the breathing is calmed, the heart rate will calm too and any situation can be thought through, processed and solved. Always ‘Stop, Breathe, Think and then Act.' Breath control is used in martial arts as a control of the flow of energy, in prenatal training and in child birth. At a simpler more every day level, just pausing to take several slow deep breaths can resolve physical or psychological stress in many scenarios found in daily life. -
Adventures in Diving and Correlating Specialty Diver Programmes Statement of Risks and Liability
ADVENTURES IN DIVING AND CORRELATING SPECIALTY DIVER PROGRAMMES STATEMENT OF RISKS AND LIABILITY (PADI International Ltd) Please read carefully and fill in all blanks before signing. This is a statement in which you are informed of the risks of skin and scuba diving. The statement also sets out the circumstances in which you participate in the diving programme at your own risk. Your signature on this statement is required as proof that you have received and read this statement. It is important that you read the contents of this statement before signing it. If you do not understand anything contained in this statement, then please discuss it with your instructor. If you are a minor, this form must also be signed by a parent or guardian. This Statement of Risks and Liability hereby encompasses and applies to all diving activities in which you choose to participate as part of the PADI Adventures in Diving programme. These specialised diving activities and instruction may include, but are not limited to, Navigation, Night, Deep, Altitude, Boat, Drift, Diver Propulsion Vehicle, Dry Suit, Wreck, Fish Identification, Multilevel, Peak Performance Buoyancy, Search and Recovery, Underwater Naturalist, Underwater Photography and Underwater Videography. This Statement also encompasses and applies to select PADI specialty diver courses in which you choose to participate that are introduced as a part of the PADI Adventures in Diving programme. These specialty diver courses may include, but are not limited to, Navigation, Night, Deep, Altitude, Boat, Diver Propulsion Vehicle, Drift, Dry Suit, Wreck, Fish Identification, Multilevel, Peak Performance Buoyancy, Search and Recovery, Underwater Naturalist, Underwater Photography and Underwater Videography. -
Wetsuits Raises the Bar Once Again, in Both Design and Technological Advances
Orca evokes the instinct and prowess of the powerful ruler of the seas. Like the Orca whale, our designs have always been organic, streamlined and in tune with nature. Our latest 2016 collection of wetsuits raises the bar once again, in both design and technological advances. With never before seen 0.88Free technology used on the Alpha, and the ultimate swim assistance WETSUITS provided by the Predator, to a more gender specific 3.8 to suit male and female needs, down to the latest evolution of the ever popular S-series entry-level wetsuit, Orca once again has something to suit every triathlete’s needs when it comes to the swim. 10 11 TRIATHLON Orca know triathletes and we’ve been helping them to conquer the WETSUITS seven seas now for more than twenty years.Our latest collection of wetsuits reflects this legacy of knowledge and offers something for RANGE every level and style of swimmer. Whether you’re a good swimmer looking for ultimate flexibility, a struggling swimmer who needs all the buoyancy they can get, or a weekend warrior just starting out, Orca has you covered. OPENWATER Swimming in the openwater is something that has always drawn those types of swimmers that find that the largest pool is too small for them. However open water swimming is not without it’s own challenges and Orca’s Openwater collection is designed to offer visibility, and so security, to those who want to take on this sport. 016 SWIMRUN The SwimRun endurance race is a growing sport and the wetsuit requirements for these competitors are unique. -
Lake Huron Scuba Diving
SOUTHERN LAKE ASSESSMENT SOUTHERN RECREATION PROFILE LAKE Scuba Diving: OPPORTUNITIES FOR LAKE HURON ASSESSMENT FINGER LAKES SCUBA LAKES FINGER The southern Lake Huron coast is a fantastic setting for outdoor exploration. Promoting the region’s natural assets can help build vibrant communities and support local economies. This series of fact sheets profiles different outdoor recreation activities that could appeal to residents and visitors of Michigan’s Thumb. We hope this information will help guide regional planning, business develop- ment and marketing efforts throughout the region. Here we focus on scuba diving – providing details on what is involved in the sport, who participates, and what is unique about diving in Lake Huron. WHY DIVE IN LAKE HURON? With wildlife, shipwrecks, clear water and nearshore dives, the waters of southern Lake Huron create a unique environment for scuba divers. Underwater life abounds, including colorful sunfish and unusual species like the longnose gar. The area offers a large collection of shipwrecks, and is home to two of Michigan’s 12 underwater preserves. Many of the wrecks are in close proximity to each other and are easily accessed by charter or private boat. The fresh water of Lake Huron helps to preserve the wrecks better than saltwater, and the lake’s clear water offers excellent visibility – often up to 50 feet! With many shipwrecks at different depths, the area offers dives for recreational as well as technical divers. How Popular is Scuba Diving? Who Scuba Dives? n Scuba diving in New York’s Great Lakes region stimulated more than $108 In 2010, 2.7 million Americans went scuba A snapshot of U.S. -
History of Scuba Diving About 500 BC: (Informa on Originally From
History of Scuba Diving nature", that would have taken advantage of this technique to sink ships and even commit murders. Some drawings, however, showed different kinds of snorkels and an air tank (to be carried on the breast) that presumably should have no external connecons. Other drawings showed a complete immersion kit, with a plunger suit which included a sort of About 500 BC: (Informaon originally from mask with a box for air. The project was so Herodotus): During a naval campaign the detailed that it included a urine collector, too. Greek Scyllis was taken aboard ship as prisoner by the Persian King Xerxes I. When Scyllis learned that Xerxes was to aack a Greek flolla, he seized a knife and jumped overboard. The Persians could not find him in the water and presumed he had drowned. Scyllis surfaced at night and made his way among all the ships in Xerxes's fleet, cung each ship loose from its moorings; he used a hollow reed as snorkel to remain unobserved. Then he swam nine miles (15 kilometers) to rejoin the Greeks off Cape Artemisium. 15th century: Leonardo da Vinci made the first known menon of air tanks in Italy: he 1772: Sieur Freminet tried to build a scuba wrote in his Atlanc Codex (Biblioteca device out of a barrel, but died from lack of Ambrosiana, Milan) that systems were used oxygen aer 20 minutes, as he merely at that me to arficially breathe under recycled the exhaled air untreated. water, but he did not explain them in detail due to what he described as "bad human 1776: David Brushnell invented the Turtle, first submarine to aack another ship. -
2015 XTERRA COMPETITION RULES 1. Swim
2015 XTERRA COMPETITION RULES 1. Swim: 1.1. Wetsuits: are allowed based on water temperature measured the day prior to the event and confirmed the day of the event. Where water temperatures are close to limits, the decision will be made one hour before the start of the first swim. Pro/Elite Athletes: Wetsuits are allowed for pro athletes if the water temperature is below 68 degrees Fahrenheit (20 degrees Centigrade). Age Group Athletes: Wetsuits are allowed for age group athletes if the water temperature is below 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees C) Mandatory Wetsuit: Wetsuits are mandatory below 57 degrees F (14 degrees C) Challenged Athletes: Wetsuits are allowed but not required at 1 any water temperature. Note: XTERRA follows the Swim Rules for Wetsuit Use established by the ITU at all XRC events. See Section D.2 in the ITU Competition Rules for specific details. Note: The XTERRA/ITU rules may be waived by the XPS race directors in favor of USA Triathlon Swimming Conduct rules. See Section 4 of the USA Triathlon Rules for specific details. o Note: If a race is governed by the USAT Article IV Swimming 2 Conduct rules – the following portion of Section 4.4 will apply: “When the water temperature is greater than 78 degrees, but less than 84 degrees Fahrenheit, age group participants may wear a wetsuit at their own discretion, provided however that participants who wear a wetsuit within this temperature range shall not be eligible for prizes or awards.” Specifically: the athlete will not be eligible for XTERRA Points. -
Scuba Divers Can Help Keys' Ocean Ecosystem During REEF's Upper
12/16/2020 Scuba Divers Can Help Keys’ Ocean Ecosystem during REEF’s Upper Keys Lionfish Derby | Scuba Diving Log In Scuba Divers Can Help Keys’ Ocean Ecosystem during REEF’s Upper Keys Lionfish Derby COURTESY FLORIDA KEYS AND KEY WEST AUGUST 20, 2020 Divers can help preserve the Florida Keys’ native reef fish populations during the fun, socially distanced Reef Environmental Education Foundation 2020 Lionfish Derby. Scheduled Thursday through Sunday, Sept. 10-13, the derby challenges participants to capture and remove as many non-native lionfish as possible from Keys waters. This year, COVID-19 restrictions have forced organizers of the annual competition to modify the derby to minimize potential exposure to or spread of the virus. However, divers are to have two full days to capture lionfish and maximize their effectiveness in the removal of this invasive predator from Keys reefs. Divers vie for prize money including first- through third-place awards for capturing the most lionfish, the largest and the smallest. New this year are two divisions in the “most lionfish” category: Reef Defenders and Apex Predators. The latter is the more competitive and prize monies are higher. During early-bird registration on or before Aug. 30, teams of two to four people can register online for only $50 per team. Registrations on or before Sept. 6 are $75 per team and late registrations by the final deadline of 4 p.m. Sept 10 are $100 per team. All registrants receive a 2020 Lionfish Derby rash guard. The first 40 paid participants also receive a derby hat. -
Analysis of Recreational Closed-Circuit Rebreather Deaths 1998–2010 Andrew W Fock Abstract (Fock AW
78 Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Volume 43 No. 2 June 2013 Analysis of recreational closed-circuit rebreather deaths 1998–2010 Andrew W Fock Abstract (Fock AW. Analysis of recreational closed-circuit rebreather deaths 1998–2010. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2013 June;43(2):78-85.) Introduction: Since the introduction of recreational closed-circuit rebreathers (CCRs) in 1998, there have been many recorded deaths. Rebreather deaths have been quoted to be as high as 1 in 100 users. Methods: Rebreather fatalities between 1998 and 2010 were extracted from the Deeplife rebreather mortality database, and inaccuracies were corrected where known. Rebreather absolute numbers were derived from industry discussions and training agency statistics. Relative numbers and brands were extracted from the Rebreather World website database and a Dutch rebreather survey. Mortality was compared with data from other databases. A fault-tree analysis of rebreathers was compared to that of open-circuit scuba of various configurations. Finally, a risk analysis was applied to the mortality database. Results: The 181 recorded recreational rebreather deaths occurred at about 10 times the rate of deaths amongst open-circuit recreational scuba divers. No particular brand or type of rebreather was over-represented. Closed-circuit rebreathers have a 25-fold increased risk of component failure compared to a manifolded twin-cylinder open-circuit system. This risk can be offset by carrying a redundant ‘bailout’ system. Two-thirds of fatal dives were associated with a high-risk dive or high-risk behaviour. There are multiple points in the human-machine interface (HMI) during the use of rebreathers that can result in errors that may lead to a fatality. -
Hypothermia (Pg 129-130)
Excerpts from: Whitewater Rescue Manual By Charles Walbridge & Wayne A. Sundmacher Sr. Charlie Walbridge is one of the first seven individuals inducted into the International Whitewater Hall of Fame. He is being recognized for his many contributions to the whitewater safety and rescue field. Charlie has conducted numerous swiftwater rescue clinics for NRS associates and we're proud to be associated with him! The International Whitewater Hall of Fame and Museum is located at the Adventure Sports Center International, McHenry, Maryland Cold-Water Protection (Pg 24-25) Water draws heat from the body 25 times faster than air. Like windchill, the effects of cold water increase when the current is fast. Sudden immersion in snowmelt or spring runoff is extremely debilitating, causing a substantial loss of strength, coordination, and judgment rather quickly. All cold-weather paddlers should select the gear needed for the insulation required to stay warm. Drysuits and wetsuits both work effectively in cold water. In a wetsuit, air is trapped inside the neoprene material, and the suit fits snugly enough to keep most cold water out. What little water gets inside is quickly warmed by the user's body heat. Drysuits create an actual barrier between the environment and the paddler, eliminating that initial “cold-water shock.” Paddling drysuits are made of a waterproof material with latex seals at the neck, wrists, and ankles. The paddler regulates the inside temperature by adding or removing layers of insulation, such as pile or polypropylene. In milder weather, a water-proof shell top or paddle jacket can be combined with pile clothing or a wetsuit for comfort. -
Stiddmil.Com POWER POD RNAV2 SIMULATOR
DPD2 • RNAV2 • AP2 • OM2 • AC2 • POWER POD • CP2 CATALOG 22 POWER POD NEW! RNAV2 SIMULATOR Manned & Autonomous Vehicles with Navigation, Control & Communications for EOD and Maritime SOF stiddmil.com MADE IN U.S.A. Manned or Autonomous... The “All-In-One” Vehicle Moving easily between manned and autonomous roles, STIDD’s new generation of propulsion vehicles provide operators innovative options for an increasingly complex underwater environment. Over the past 20 years, STIDD built its Submersible line and flagship product, the Diver Propulsion Device (DPD), around the basic idea that divers would prefer riding a vehicle instead of swimming. Today, STIDD focuses on another simple, but transformative goal: design, develop, and integrate the most advanced Precision Navigation, Control, Communications, and Automation Technology available into the DPD to make that ride easier, more effective, and when desired . RIDERLESS! DPD2 - Manned Mode 1 DPD2 - OM2 Mode Precision Navigation, Control, Communications & Automation System for the DPD POWERED BY RNAV2 GREENSEA Building on the legacy of its Diver Propulsion Device (DPD), the most widely used combat vehicle of its kind, STIDD designed and developed a system of DPD Navigation, Control, Communications, and Automation features which enable a seamless transition between Manned and fully Autonomous modes. RNAV2 was developed by STIDD partnering with Greensea as the backbone of this capability. RNAV2 is powered by Greensea’s patent-pending OPENSEA™ operating platform, which not only enables RNAV2’s open architecture, but also seamlessly integrates STIDD’s OM2/AP2 Diver Assist /S2 Sonar/ AC2 Communications products into an intuitive, easy to use, autonomous system. When fully configured with the Precision Navigation, Control & Automation System including RNAV2/ OM2/AP2/S2/AC2, any DPD easily transitions between Manned, DPD with RNAV2 Installed Semi-Autonomous, and Full-Autonomous modes. -
Law of Hydrostatics‘’)
10 LAW OF HYDROSTATICS‘’) 10.1 INTRODUCTION When a fluid is at rest, there is no shear stress and the pressure at any point in the fluid is the same in all directions. The pressure is also the same across any longitudinal section parallel with the Earth’s surface; it varies only in the vertical direction, that is, from height to height. This phenomenon gives rise to hydrostatics, the subject title for this chapter. Following this introduction, this chapter addresses (once again) pressure principles, buoyancy effects (including Archimedes’ Law), and manometry principles. 10.2 PRESSURE PRINCIPLES Consider a differential element of fluid of height, dz, and uniform cross-section area, S. The pressure, P, is assumed to increase with height, z. The pressure at the bottom surface of the differential fluid element is P; at the top surface, it is P + dP. Thus, the net pressure difference, dP, on the element is acting downward. A force balance on this element in the vertical direction yields: downward pressure force - upward pressure force + gravity force = 0 (10.1) Fluid Flow for the Pmcticing Chemical Engineer. By J. Pahick Abulencia and Louis Theodore Copyright 0 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 97 98 LAW OF HYDROSTATICS so that g (P + dP)S - PS + PS-dz = 0 gc g -(dP)S - p-S(dz) = 0 (1 0.2) gc As describe’ in Chapter 2, one has a choice as to whether to inc.Jde g, in the describ- ing equation(s). As noted, the term g, is a conversion constant with a given magnitude and units, e.g., 32.2 (lb/lbf)(ft/s2) or dimensionless with a value of unity, for example, g, = 1.0. -
Neutral Buoyancy Technologies for Extended Performance Testing of Advanced Space Suits
2003-01-2415 Neutral Buoyancy Technologies for Extended Performance Testing of Advanced Space Suits David L. Akin and Jeffrey R. Braden Space Systems Laboratory, University of Maryland Copyright © 2003 SAE International ABSTRACT Performance of new space suit designs is typically Orlan suit. Similarly, focus on manned missions to Mars tested quantitatively in laboratory tests, at both the and return to the Lunar surface provide the drive to component and integrated systems levels. As the suit develop advance space suit systems for these moves into neutral buoyancy testing, it is evaluated endeavors. qualitatively by experienced subjects, and used to perform tasks with known times in earlier generation The development of new, or improved, suit components suits. This paper details the equipment design and test typically culminates in laboratory tests which methodology for extended space suit performance quantitatively measure the performance characteristics metrics which might be achieved by appropriate of the new component. Tests at this level may include instrumentation during operational testing. This paper bench-top measurements of joint torque, range of presents a candidate taxonomy of testing categories motion, strength and/or durability. Next, improved applicable to EVA systems, such as reach, mobility, components are integrated into the suit system and workload, and so forth. In each category, useful tested at the systems level; again, typically through technologies are identified which will enable the standard joint torque, range of motion and strength/ necessary measurements to be made. In the subsequent durability tests [1] [2]. section, each of these technologies are examined for feasibility, including examples of existing technologies At this point, further performance data is typically where available.