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The Munsee: a Clan, a Tribe, a Language? by Nonna Lasley

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The Munsee: a Clan, a Tribe, a Language? by Nonna Lasley {'AIJN ,..1 2 Delaware County GENEALOGIST & HISTORIAN The Munsee: A Clan, A Tribe, A Language? By Nonna Lasley Muncy, Minsi, Monsey, Monsy, Monthy, Munsie, Munsey, to-Muncie. Dr. Daniel Brinton (as quoted by Weslager, western Long Island and southeastern New York see below) called them "people of the stony State on the east to the Delaware Water Gap and country" or "mountaineers," as distinguished the Raritan River on the south and west." The from "people down the river" or "people who live Minisinks and their neighbors, a composite near the ocean." Researchers for the group, continued to speak the language as they Smithsonian disagree, saying that the Munsee moved westward ahead of the Europeans, to the form of the word was probably an archaic word upper Susquehanna and then further west. for "on the island," possibly referring to an island Groups of Delawares, who went to the Canadian in the Delaware River. And this is only one of area ofMunceytown, Moriaviantown and Six the confusing and conflicting pieces of Nations Reserve, eventually came to speak the information about this subgroup or phratry or Munsee language exclusively, although that clan of, or related to, the Delaware Indians. usage has faded rapidly in the twentieth century. Who were these people? Where were they Munsee was also spoken by small groups in from? Where did they go? Wisconsin, Kansas, and Oklahoma into the When first encountered by Europeans, they twentieth century. were on the east side of the Delaware River, In the past many historians have referred to across from the Delawares on the west side of three divisions of the Delaware, sometimes with that river. The Munsees and the Delawares are animal totem designations. Today this division is described as "closely related" or "kindred" or questioned and thought by some to be a "tribal affiliates" by various sources. Sometimes misunderstanding. Smithsonian researchers point they are referred to as Munsie or Munsee, out that early vocabularies recorded a "trade sometimes as Delaware-Munsie. The jargon," and say that linguistic differences Smithsonian volumes use Munsee as their between two of the supposed three groups were common spelling, but C. W. Weslager uses minor. This makes the later division of two Munsie as his common spemng. groups, the majority Delaware and the Munsee, The Munsees were distinguished by their seem more logical. Some authorities believe that language as much as anything else. The the Munsees also had animal totem designations Handbook ofNorth American Indians for subgroups, but that they were lost before they (Smithsonian, 1978--) states: "This name could be recorded. replaced Minisink to designate the consolidated Both the Delaware and the Munsee moved up group of emigrant Munsee speakers of whom the along the Susquehanna in the early 1700s. Minisinks were the major component. As a Weslager indicates that the population of the linguistic tenn Munsee includes all groups of any fonnerly scattered groups had declined rapidly period that spoke dialects of the language spoken and that this movement brought together by the Munsee group, even though not all such scattered survivors in a common location for the groups were or are Munsees in the political first time. Other neighboring tribes such as the sense." They also list 24 Munsee-speaking Shawnee and Mahican (no relationship to Bands, one of them being the Minisink, " .. .later Mohegan or Mohican) also moved up along the called Munsee, after absorbing other groups." Susquehanna and into lands claimed by the Six The Munsees were not really a political Nations. division, as thought of by the Europeans, but By the middle of the eighteenth century the more of a geographical and linguistic division. Munsees and the Delawares had been pushed The Smithsonian work speaks of the language as further west and up along the Allegheny, "spoken, in an unknown number of dialects, from accompanied by sporadic warfare, various ~ QANGE COUNTV CAL\~QRNl /l GCNEALOG\CAL SOCiETY Dela-ware County Genealogist and Historian Vol8 No.1 Spring 1999 CONTENTS Notes: The Munsee: A Clan, A Tribe, A Language? As many will know, the Alliance has By Nonna Lasley 2 commissioned a woven coverlet with designs Town Site of Albany Chosen Back in representing several historic buildings still in Year 1833 6 existence in Muncie. At Albany: Office of Bartlett Hotel Wrecked 7 The Alliance is now planning a similar Albany Was the Half-Way Point on Pioneer coverlet to represent the county. This might Wagon Trail 8 include historic sites, buildings or structures in Albany: From the Township Enumeration the county. Of 1907, Indexed by Norma Lasley 9 There are many ways to do this and therefore The Heritage Library: Books Added 14 we are asking for input for this project Towns Fruit Trees: an Advertisement, 1841 15 might be represented or townships might be The Other Side of Town in Middletown: represented, to illustrate two possibilities. Date The World Wars, by Hurley Goodall 16 of origin could be a guideline. Again, the sites Muncie at the Time of the Civil War, contd might or might not still have structures (e.g., By William Reid 18 Elizabethtown in Washington Township). Funeral Invitation, 1843 20 Possibilities mentioned by OCHA Board Revolutionary War: Builders of a Nation members included round barns and old iron By A. L. Kerwood 21 bridges (e.g., the Smithfield bridge). Do you Sketches: from the Muncie Daily News,1890 23 know of a structure or site you think of as The Distaff Side: Muncie's Oldest Settler, representative of or outstanding in the history of Mary Jane Gilbert 25 your (present or former) town or township? Index to Queries, 1997-1998 27 Please write or call with your suggestions. Jacob Bricker Celebrates 87th Birthday, 1935 29 Karen's Kobweb Korner, By Karen A recent trip to Albany to look at Halfway Beidelman · 31 Creek and environs proved to be mildly Queries By Elizabeth Modlin 32 disappointing. Of course, the creek is still there and there is also a small park beside the creek with appropriate equipment. But we could see ·.. tff t. LA-BHl&GlR .. no sign or historical marker. We had hoped more would have been done to commemorate ANIMAL·' SHUW this site, as was suggested in the article of 1927, I t• reprinted in this issue. HeMe. of the Chl111p..vff eftll 0 Or•"'t'"t•n• · TIM -t-. · - llke aciee.. and the ...... Snake eYtr eahlbltffl.-.~ u.. 11ec1 .atatee. -u•,;.JS caitH If pictures of Muncie at the turn of the (last) •lld ..........0 • ..d ~··· ltfM~lf· tfll1-'Wf~W"'..!.10""a.•rwt century intrigue you, you will want examine the ••. '~- .... -~ _d.al•r·. ___.. __ reprint of Muncie ofToday (1895). These 313.:snuta~ Wll.IUT Sf•. reprints have been received and copies are for ·MuNc1it; ·1~11. sale at the Alliance office. At $15, the soft.cover copy is a bargain. It makes a nice gift-for Reprint by permissiOii © Muncie Press, 191 o. yourself or for someone else. Delaware County GENEALOGIST & HISTORIAN -· C.• ~· ' .3 colonial government dealings, etc. Trade As pressure for the various Indian Tribes to between the Indians and whites suffered from move on west continued, the Miami and the various efforts on the part of both sides to gain Piankashaw extended an invitation to the the upper hand. A particularly poignant quote Delawares and certain other Indian tribes for comes from the (Christian) converted Munsee them to live on lands in the Indiana Territory. chieftain Papunhank in a communication with The Piankashaw apparently specified certain Governor Hamilton: "Brother, you see there is no lands along the White River for the Delawares. Love nor honesty on either side." It is certain that by 1794 there were some Although Christian missionaries had worked Delawares living in the area. with the Delawares since early in the 1700s, the By the beginning of the nineteenth century the establishment of a Moravian mission not far from main body of the Delawares had established present Bethlehem Pa., brought the Moravians some nine villages along the West Fork of the and the Munsee together in an association that White River in an area extending from just south was to continue over the years. While some of present Muncie to about Noblesville. Monsees moved on west into present Ohio with Altogether there were as many as fourteen the Moravians and other Delawares, some went villages at one time or another along the White to Ontario to found Muncy Town along the River extending on toward Indianapolis. Not all Thames River. Unfortunately the Christian of them were.occupied at the same time and not Indians suffered from the hostilities as much as all were Delaware towns. The Shawnee and the anyone, both in a British massacre of Nanticoke were known to be among those who Gnadenhutten, Pennsylvania, in 1755, and in an lived in the area. John and William Conner are American massacre of Gnadenhutten, Ohio, in said to have spoken the Munsee, Shawnee and 1781. Weslager gives a description of a May, Delaware dialects fluently, along with Chippewa 1768, party of fourteen canoes seen by the and Wyandot. garrison at Fort Pitt. These canoes moving A Moravian mission was established in 1801 slowly down the Allegheny were filled with east of present Anderson with a small group of Indian men, women and children. "The officer of Christian Delawares. By then the Delaware the day learned that the party comprised attitude to the missionaries was hostile, as a Munsies, who had recently resided at the head of strong non-Christian faction had gained power the west branch of the Susquehanna. A few old­ and opposed all Christian missionaries. In timers among these Munsies remembered when particular, the massacre at Gnadenhutten, Ohio, they had lived happily along the upper Delaware was repeatedly thrown up to the missionaries before they were forced to move to the along the White River.
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