EDITED BY IOANNIS ARMAKOLAS AGON DEMJAHA LOCAL AND AROLDA ELBASANI STEPHANIE SCHWANDNER- SIEVERS INTERNATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF KOSOVO’S STATEHOOD VOLUME II LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF KOSOVO’S STATEHOOD —VOLUME II EDITED BY: IOANNIS ARMAKOLAS AGON DEMJAHA AROLDA ELBASANI STEPHANIE SCHWANDNER-SIEVERS Copyright ©2021 Kosovo Foundation for Open Society. All rights reserved. PUBLISHER: Kosovo Foundation for Open Society Imzot Nikë Prelaj, Vila 13, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo. Issued in print and electronic formats. “Local and International Determinants of Kosovo’s Statehood: Volume II” EDITORS: Ioannis Armakolas Agon Demjaha Arolda Elbasani Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers PROGRAM COORDINATOR: Lura Limani Designed by Envinion, printed by Envinion, on recycled paper in Prishtina, Kosovo. ISBN 978-9951-503-06-8 CONTENTS ABOUT THE EDITORS 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 12 INTRODUCTION 13 CULTURE, HERITAGE AND REPRESENTATIONS 31 — Luke Bacigalupo Kosovo and Serbia’s National Museums: A New Approach to History? 33 — Donjetë Murati and Stephanie Schwandner- Sievers An Exercise in Legitimacy: Kosovo’s Participation at 1 the Venice Biennale 71 — Juan Manuel Montoro Imaginaries and Media Consumptions of Otherness in Kosovo: Memories of the Spanish Civil War, Latin American Telenovelas and Spanish Football 109 — Julianne Funk Lived Religious Perspectives from Kosovo’s Orthodox Monasteries: A Needs Approach for Inclusive Dialogue 145 LOCAL INTERPRETATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL RULES 183 — Meris Musanovic The Specialist Chambers in Kosovo: A Hybrid Court between Mounting Expectations and Domestic Contestation 185 — José Carpintero Molina Civil Society Contribution to Sustainable Peacebuilding in the City of Mitrovica: Finding a Niche between Donor Priorities, Ethnic Divisions, 2 and Social Needs 213 — Liljana Cvetanoska Corruption and Women’s Access to Politics: Quotas and Party Funding in Kosovo 243 FACETS OF RELATIONS WITH THE EU 271 — George Kyris Recognition and the European Union Statebuilding in Kosovo 273 — Gentiola Madhi Diluting Principles, Darkening EU Accession Perspective: Politicization of Kosovo’s Visa Liberalization Process 301 — Svjetlana Ramic Marković 3 The Role of Civil Society Organizations in the Process of Kosovo’s Integration into the European Union 335 — Boshko Stankovski The Role of the EU in Framing and Reframing the Belgrade-Prishtina Negotiations: The Case of the Land Swap Proposal 369 — Donika Emini Kosovo’s Stressful Multilateralism: Can the Berlin Process Serve as a Remedy? 401 about the editors ioannis armakolas Ioannis Armakolas is Assistant Professor in Comparative Politics of South-East Europe at the Department of Bal- kan, Slavic and Oriental Studies, University of Macedo- nia (Thessaloniki). He is also Senior Research Fellow and Head of the South-East Europe Programme at the Hellen- ic Foundation for European & Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP) in Athens and ‘Europe’s Futures’ Non-Resident Fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna. He’s the Ed- itor-in-Chief of the academic journal ‘Southeast Europe- an and Black Sea Studies’, published by Taylor & Francis, and of the ‘Political Trends and Dynamics in Southeast Europe’, the quarterly publication of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Dialogue Southeast Europe office (FES SOE, Sa- rajevo). He holds a PhD from the University of Cambridge, an MA with distinction from the University of Kent and a BA from Panteion University, Athens. His previous affilia- tions include, ESRC Fellow at the Department of Politics, University of Oxford, Research Fellow at Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Director of Research at the ’US- Greece Task Force: Transforming the Balkans’ (joint proj- ect of the Hellenic Centre for European Studies and the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies), Region Head for South East Europe at Oxford Analytica, Tip O'Neill Fellow in Peace and Conflict Studies at INCORE-Northern Ireland (Ulster University & United Nations University). Ioannis Armakolas has extensive ex- perience as a consultant with USAID and DFID projects in the Western Balkans and has written numerous academic studies and policy reports. 8 agon demjaha Agon Demjaha is Assossiate Professor of Political Sciences and International Relations at the Tetovo State Universi- ty. He holds a PhD in Political Sciences and an MA with distinction in International Relations. He has more than three decades of experience in the field of education and research with different governmental institutions and non-governmental organisations. During 2006-2010, he served as the Ambassador of the Republic of Macedonia to the Kingdom of Sweden, while also covering the Kingdom of Norway and Republic of Finland as a non-resident Am- bassador. He has also been engaged as an advisor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister for Economic Development of the Republic of Kosovo. Agon Demjaha has published a number of articles in the field of politi- cal science in international journals and is also author of several chapters in edited books published by renowned press houses, such as United Nations University Press and Imperial College Press. His main interests include ethnic relations, conflict prevention and resolution, diplomacy and regional cooperation. 9 arolda elbasani Arolda Elbasani is a visiting scholar at the Center for European and Mediterranean Studies, New York University. She holds a PhD in Social and Political Sciences from the European University Institute, Florence. She has held research or teaching positions at the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies, Columbia University, WZB, European University of Tirana and Free Univer- sity, Berlin. Her articles have appeared at the Journal of European Public Policy, Europe-Asia Studies, Democratization, Balkans and Near Eastern Studies and Southeast Europe and Black Sea Stud- ies, among others. She has also edited European Integration and Transformation in the Western Balkans (Routledge 2013, 2014); The Revival of Islam in the Balkans(Palgrave 2015; with Olivier Roy); the special issue Managing Islam and Religious Pluralism (Balkans and Near East Studies 19(1), with O. Roy); and the spe- cial Issue Local Islam(s) (Nationality Papers, with Jelena Tosic). Her current research interests lay at the intersection of political Islam, democracy promotion, European integration and corrup- tion in new democracies. 10 stephanie schwandner-sievers Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers is a social anthropologist at Bour- nemouth University (BU); she previously taught at Free Univer- sity Berlin, Bologna University and, as the first Nash Fellow of Albanian Studies, at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London. She holds a PhD from the University of Roehampton, London, and has a long trajectory of conducting ethnographic research among Albanians in post-so- cialist Albania, post-war Kosovo, and with translocal Albanians in conflict with law abroad. From 2003 to 2013 she directed the academic consultancy company, Anthropology Applied Lim- ited, which provided country background reports for national and international organisations and courts. Her research focuses on local and national identity politics in recourse to local pasts; on the cultural production of militancy at post-war memorial sites; on local sources of resistance to international peace- and state-building interventions; and on local knowledge and expe- rience regarding reconciliation practices and transitional justice. Most recent publications include: (2019) with M. Klinkner, ‘Long- ing for Lost Normalcy: Social Memory, Transitional Justice, and the ‘House Museum’ to Missing Persons in Kosovo’, Nationalities Papers 47/2: 232 – 247; and (forthcoming) with N. Luci, ‘‘Epis- temic Justice and Everyday Nationalism: An Auto-Ethnography of Student Encounters in a Post-War Memory and Reconcilia- tion Project in Kosovo, Nations and Nationalism. Together with Luci, Schwandner-Sievers currently leads the ‘Kosovo Strand’ of the AHRC project ‘Changing the Story: Asking how the arts, heri- tage, and human rights education can support youth-centred ap- proaches to civil society building in post-conflict settings across the world’. 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book continues the series focusing on issues of public policy, so- ciety and statehood in Kosovo. The series are the academic product of the research project entitled ‘Building Knowledge about Kosovo’, now formalized into the Kosovo Research and Analysis Fellowship, generously funded by the Kosovo Foundation for Open Society (KFOS) and the Open Society Initiative for Europe (OSIFE). The editors and authors of this book are thankful to Luan Shllaku, Ex- ecutive Director of KFOS, and Lura Limani, Program Coordinator, and the rest of the Foundation’s staff for making the research and publication of the book possible. We would also like to thank the experts and speakers who offered their insights during research workshops in Thessaloniki and Pris- tina. More specifically, our note of thanks goes to Ambassador (ret.) Dimitris Moschopoulos, Mr. Veton Surroi, Mr Agron Demi, Dr. Lulzim Peci, and project alumni Miruna Troncota, Atdhe Hetemi, Dita Dobranja, Zoran Nechev, Mary Drosopoulos, Pol Vila Sarria, Francesco Trupia. We are also thankful to the University of Macedo- nia for hosting the first research workshop of this project. Last but not least, we are grateful to all interviewees and informants for their invaluable insights and assistance during the data collec- tion phase of the project. 12 INTRODUCTION Ioannis Armakolas,