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Vol XXIX, o. 12 December, 1947

THE BISHOPS m ANNUAL MEETING

N.C.W.C. DEPART1\1ENTAL REPORTS

BISHOPS' STATEMENT ON SECULARISM

Religion in Public Education

A NATIONAL MONTHLY PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE CONFERENCE

Pri e: 30e Month by Month with the N.C.W.C. TABLE OF CONTENTS Death Claims National Leaders­ Archbishops Ryan and Cantwell DECEMBER, 1947 Very unexpectedly death came on November 23 to the Most Rev. James Hugh Ryan, Archbishop of Omaha and episcopal chairman of the N.C.W.C. PAGE Department of Education; and nearly as suddenly to Most Rev. John J. Cantwell, Archbishop of Los Angeles, on October 30. Both had been out­ Month by Month with the N.C.W.C. 2 standing influences in the life of the nation, not only through administration Our Common Catholic Interests... . 3 of their respective archdioceses but through their specialized national activi­ Two Recent Recognitions of H1tman ties, one in the field of education, the other in the field of social welfare. Rights-Notes of Interest Archbishop Ryan was only 60 when he succumbed to a heart attack, apparently related to an asthma condition. Only a few days before, he had, The Bishops' Annual Meeting...... 4 in spite of illness, attended the annual general meeting of the bishops of the N.C.W.C. Reports for the Year 1947. 6 United States and been reelected to the administrative board of the N.C.W.C., E>.ecutive Department and reassigned to the office of episcopal chairman of the N.C.W.C. Depart­ Immigration Bureau ment of Education. Business Management Archbishop Ryan had long been identified prominently with the work of Education Department the National Catholic Welfare Conference, serving from 1920 until 1928 Legal Department as executive secretary of the organization and part of that time as executive Press Department secretary of its Department of Education. In recent years he has been a Social Action Department member of the N.C.W.C. Administrative Board and episcopal chairman of Lay Organizations Departmmt the Department of Education. A Solemn Mass of Requiem for the repose of National Council of Catholic Men his soul was offered in Washington on behalf of the Conference and attended National Council of Catholic Women by staff members. Youth Department In 1928 Archbishop Ryan was named Rector of the Catholic University Catholic Action Study Department of America and served in that post until 19 3 5. He was elevated to the Episcopal Committees Hierarchy as Titular Bishop of Modra in 19 3 3. In 19 3 5 he was named Confraternity of Christian Bishop of Omaha. When the Omaha Diocese was elevated to an archiepisco­ Doctrine pal see in 1945, Bishop Ryan was selected to serve as its :first archbishop. Committee on Motion Pictttres The Most Rev. John J. Cantwell, Archbishop of Los Angeles, 72, was ill Catholic Committee for Refugees only two weeks and died of a throat infection. His excellency was known The Year's Care of the War Victims. II nationally to Catholics and non-Catholics for his pioneer work for clean War Relief Services-N.C. W.C. motion pictures which led to the creation of the National Legion of Decency, and for his efforts in behalf of Mexican Catholics. National Catholic Community Service: 1947 Report ...... 12 He was ordained in Ireland but came the same year to the United States. He was soon appointed to diocesan offices in the San Francisco Archdiocese Religion in Public Education: {IV of and in 1917 was named Bishop of Monterey and Los Angeles. His diocese N.C.W.C. Forum Series 1947-48: was twice split by the Holy See, first to make the separate See of Monterey­ Crucial Questions of the Day). . 13 Fresno and then to make a separate see of San Diego and raise Los Angele Bishops' Statement on "Secularism- to an archdiocese. Bishop Cantwell was enthroned as archbishop in 1936. Root of World's Travail" ...... 16 May the souls of Archbishops Ryan and Cantwell rest in peace. Full text of the statement of the Archbishops and Bishops of the Holy Father's Nephew United States in annual meeting assembled Visitor at N.C.W.C. Headquarters During the past month N.C.W.C. headquarters had the pleasure of a Calendar of Scheduled Catholic Meet­ ings and Events...... 18 visit from Prince Giulio Pacelli, a nephew of His Holiness Pope Pius XII. Prince Pacelli had only recently arrived in this country on a visit which Index to CATHOLIC ACTION­ will take him to several principal cities of the United States and Canada. Volume XXIX: January-December, One of the purposes of his visit is to acquaint himself with the organization 1947 ...... 19 of American Catholic charitable and relief organizations.

Director of N.C.W.C. Education Department Again Honored by Holy Father The contents of CA THOLlc AcTION are Monsignor Frederick G. Hochwalt, director of the N.C.W.C. Department fully indexed in the C•tholic Periotlic•l of Education, is one of five Cincinnati priests who have been elevated by I till ex. His Holiness Pope Pius XII to the rank of Domestic Prelate with the title of Right Reverend Monsignor.

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(2] CATHOLIC ACTION CATHOLIC ACTION

Vol. XXIX, No. 12 December, 1947

ITHIN the past month the President's Committee of 15 members, appointed in Decem­ W Committee on Civil Rights has made a ber of last year: Bishop Francis J. Haas of Grand report of its findings and urges a broad Rapids, James B. Carey, labor leader, and Francis program of education and legislation to enable P. Matthews, past Supreme Knight of the Knights the nation to umove forward of Columbus. Two Recent toward a nobler social order in Recognitions which there will be equal op- T AST February the Supreme Court of the Of Human Rights portunity for all." L United States upheld the New Jersey school Twice before in critical pe­ bus act which treats public and non-public riods of the nation's history, it has been found school children alike in the matter of bus trans­ ((necessary to review the state of its civil rights," portation. By an overwhelming majority the states the report and expresses the uprofound con­ voters of New Jersey have now approved a new viction that we have come to a time for a third constitution for New Jersey which provides a re-examination of the situation, and a sustained more detailed bill of rights, modernizes the gov­ drive ahead," based upon reasons uof conscience, ernment structure, and authorizes use of public of self-interest, and of survival in a threatening funds for transportation of children to and from world." all schools, public and private. Reviewing the whole field of civil rights, the committee found times uwhen the difference be­ The new constitution replaces the state's 103- tween what we preach about civil rights and what year-old charter. It details the bill of rights in we practice is shockingly illustrated by indi­ the old instrument, ending segregation by reason vidual outrages," and that uthere are certain con­ of race or color in the schools or the militia, elimi­ tinuing, quiet, omnipresent practices which do nating other forms of racial or religious discrimi­ irreparable damage to our beliefs." nation, and guaranteeing labor's right to organize The Committee recommends strengthening of and bargain collectively. federal and state machinery for protection of • An international United Nations Appeal for civil rights, legislation strengthening uthe right Children has been announced in which people to safety and security of the person," abolition of poll taxes and practices interfering with freedom around the world will be asked to give a of election, legislation to end discrimination in Notes day's wages or income or harvest. The of date has been tentatively set for Febru- the armed forces, and legislation to ((strengthen lnterest ary 29, 1948, leap year day. War Relief the right to equality of opportunity," such as equal justice in the matter of federal grants-in­ Services-N.C.W.C. will share in the pro­ aid, enactment of a federal Fair Employment ceeds of the appeal. Practice Act, fair educational practice laws, ex­ • The Director of the N.C.W.C. Social Action tension of the franchise to people of the District Department has again submitted a statement ad­ of Columbia and elimination of all discriminative vocating the raising of the Federal minimum practices within the District, and ua long term wage standard from 40 to 65 cents per hour to campaign of public education to inform the peo­ the House of Representatives. The appeal was ple of the civil rights to which they are entitled originally presented in 1945. It is believed the and which they owe to one another." statement has even more importance now than Three Catholics served on Pre ident Truman's two years ago.

December, 1947 (3) THE BISHOPS IN ANNUAL MEETING

N CE again a new all-time record of attend­ man; Archbishop Richard J. Cushing of Boston, ance signalized the Annual General Meeting vice chairman of the Board and episcopal chair­ 0 of the Cardinals, Archbishops and Bishops man of the N.C.W.C. Youth Department; Bishop of the United States, held at the Catholic Univer­ John Mark Gannon of Erie, treasurer; Bishop John sity of America, November 12-14 inclusive. F. Noll of Fort Wayne, secretary; Archbishop There were 13 0 members of the Hierarchy in at­ Robert E. Lucey of San Antonio, episcopal chair­ tendance at the twenty-eighth annual meeting. man of the Department of Lay Organizations; In response to a cablegram of filial homage sent Archbishop Joseph E. Ritter of St. Louis, episcopal to Pope Pius XII, the following telegram, convey­ chairman of the Department of Catholic Action ing a blessing to all Catholics of the United States Study; Archbishop James H. Ryan of Omaha, was received from the Holy Father: episcopal chairman of the Department of Educa­ ttThe occasion of the annual meeting of the tion; Bishop Karl J. Alter of Toledo, episcopal American Hierarchy offers to Us the most wel­ chairman of the Department of Social Action; come opportunity of extending to Our venerable Bishop Emmet M. Walsh of Charleston, episcopal brethren of the episcopacy the expression of Our chairman of the Legal Department; Bishop particular affection and personal interest in their Michael J. Ready of Columbus, episcopal chair­ zealous activity on behalf of the faithful entrusted man of the Press Department. to their pastoral care. Archbishop Ritter and Bishop Walsh become celt is also fitting at this time that We recall members of the N.C.W.C. Administrative Board how in these years of widespread misery the for the first time. Bishop Noll returns to the Bishops of the United States, with a true spirit of Board on which he served from 19 31 through Catholicity, have continued to make so valued a 1936 and from 1941 through 1945. Bishop Walsh contribution to Our efforts to bring relief to the had served as an Assistant Bishop to the Admini­ most needy among the multitudes throughout the strative Board for a number of years. Arch­ world, especially our beloved little children still bishops Ryan, Cushing and Lucey and Bishops suffering from the consequences of war. Worthy Alter, Gannon and Ready were members of the of particular commendation has been the fraternal last year's Board. Archbishop McNicholas was remembrance of the afilicted clergy in many-lands chairman of last year's Board. and the unfailing generosity displayed towards our Archbishops John Gregory Murray of St. Paul, sorely tried missions. Nor would We omit to Joseph F. Rummel of New Orleans and John J. mention your valid efforts to collaborate in the Mitty of San Francisco retired from the Admini­ solution of the pressing problem of resettling in strative Board this year after extensive service. security the hundreds of thousands of homeless A rule of the Conference makes an Archbishop and languishing displaced persons and refugees. or Bishop ineligible for re-election to the Board ((Our paternal heart has been greatly consoled when he has served five consecutive one-year by your many beneficent activities which have terms. served so effectively both at home and abroad to Archbishop Rummel also resigned as chairman counteract propaganda directed against the of the Catholic Committee for Refugees, and Christian name, and We cordially impart to you, Archbishop Ritter was elected to succeed him. Venerable Brethren, as an earnest of abundant The members of the new Administrative Board Divine guidance upon your deliberations on the invited the following members of the Hierarchy important problems of common concern, Our to serve as Assistant Bishops: Apostolic Blessing." Bishop Francis P. Keough of Providence, As­ During the first day's meeting the bishops chose sistant Bishop to the chairman of the Board; the new Administrative Board, N.C.W.C. which Bishop William D. O'Brien of Chicago, assistant convened subsequently at the Conference's head­ treasurer; Bishop John F. O'Hara, C.S.C., of quarters and organized as follows: Archbishop Buffalo, Assistant Bishop of the Department of John T. McNicholas, O.P. of Cincinnati, chair- Catholic Action Study; Bishop Richard 0. Gerow [ 41 CATHOLIC ACTION of Natchez, Assistant Bishop of the Youth De­ Charles Hubert LeBlond of St. Joseph, Mo., As­ partment; Bishop Thomas K. Gorman of Reno, sistant Bishop of the Department of Social Action, Assistant Bishop of the Press Department; Bishop and Bishop William A. Scully, Coadjutor of Matthew Francis Brady of Manchester, Assistant Albany, Assistant Bishop of the Department of Bishop of the Department of Lay Organizations; Education. Bishop Bryan J. McEntegart of Ogdensburg, As­ Msgr. Howard J. Carroll was again named gen­ sistant Bishop of the Legal Department; Bishop eral secretary of the N.C.W.C. The Rev. Paul

CARDINALS, ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS MEETING IN WASHINGTON NOVEMBER 12, 13, 14. 1947 Their Eminences Dennis Cardinal Dougherty, Arch­ Noll of Fort Wayne, Henry J. O'Brien of Hartford, bishop of Philadelphia; Edward Cardinal Mooney, William P. O'Connor of Madison, Edwin V. O'Hara Archbishop of Detroit; Samuel Cardinal Stritch, of Savannah-Atlanta, John F. O'Hara, C.S.C. of Archbishop of Chicago; Francis Cardinal Spellman, Buffalo, Michael J. Ready of Columbus, Edward F. 1 1 1 c&. ,,.... · 1 -...a&. · · Archbishop of New Yorkt 11 ~ ,Q~ Ryan of Burlington, Vincent J. Ryan of Bismarck, & II. •_.L ~-· •- • """'"" • __ __,_ - ,.,., :r -v-r •• Francis J. Schenk of Crookston, Joseph H. Schlar­ Their Excellencies Archbishop Edwin V. Byrne of man of Peoria, James J. Sweeney of Honolulu, John Santa Fe, Richard J. Cushing of Boston, John A. J. Swint of Wheeling, Frank A. Thill of Salina, Emmet Floersh of Louisville, Edward D. Howard of Portland M. Walsh of Charleston, Vincent S. Waters of (Oreg.), Moses E. Kiley of Milwaukee, Robert E. Raleigh, Thomas A. Welch of Duluth, Charles D. Lucey of San Antonio, John T. McNicholas, O.P. White of Spokane, and Joseph C. Willging of Pueblo. of Cincinnati, John J. Mitty of San Francisco, Joseph Their Excellencies Archbishop J. Francis A. Mc­ E. Ritter of St. Louis, Henry P. Rohlman of Dubuque, Intyre, Coadjutor of New York. Bishops Peter W. Joseph F. Rummel of New Orleans, James H. Ryan Bartholome, Coadjutor of St. Cloud; Leo Binz, Co­ of Omaha, Paul C. Schulte of Indianapolis, Urban J. adjutor and Apostolic Administrator of Winona; Vehr of Denver, and Thomas J. Walsh of Newark. James L. Connolly, Coadjutor of Fall River; Mariano Their Excellencies Bishops William L. Adrian of S. Garriga, Coadjutor of Corpus Christi; Daniel Nashville, Joseph H. Albers of Lansing, Karl J. Alter lvancho, Coadjutor of Pittsburgh, Greek Rite; Wil­ of Toledo, Robert J. Armstrong of Sacramento, liam T. McCarty, C.SS.R., Coadjutor of Rapid City; Apollinaris Baumgartner, O.F.M.Cap., Vicar Apostolic Eugene J. McGuinness, Coadjutor of Oklahoma of Guam; John G. Bennett of Lafayette in Indiana, City and Tulsa; Joseph M. Mueller, Coadjutor of Gerald T. Bergan of Des Moines, Stanislaus V. Bona Sioux City; Hubert M. Newell, Coadjutor of of Green Bay, John J. Boylan of Rockford, Matthew Cheyenne; William A. Scully, Coadjutor of Albany; F. Brady of Manchester, William 0. Brady of Sioux John P. Treacy, Coadjutor of LaCrosse; Aloysius J. Falls, Joseph F. Busch of St. Cloud, Mark K. Carroll Willinger, C.SS.R., Coadjutor of Monterey-Fresno. of Wichita, William J. Condon of Great Falls, Francis Their Excellencies Bishops William R. Arnold, Mili­ R. Cotton of Owensboro, James P. Davis of San Juan, tary Delegate; Roman Atkielski, Auxiliary of Mil­ Puerto Rico; Bernard T. Espelage, O.F.M. of Gallup; waukee; Allen James Babcock, Auxiliary of Detroit; Edmond J. FitzMaurice of Wilmington, Laurence J. Thomas A. Boland, Auxiliary of Newark; Joseph A. FitzSimon of Amarillo, ·Albert L. Fletcher of Little Burke, Auxiliary of Buffalo; James J. Byrne, Auxiliary Rock, Walter A. Foery of Syracuse, John Mark Gan­ of St. Paul; L. Abel Caillouet, Auxiliary of New non of Erie, Daniel J. Gercke of Tucson, Richard 0. Orleans; John F. Cody, Auxiliary of St. Louis; Hugh Gerow of Natchez, Joseph M. Gilmore of Helena, A. Donohoe, Auxiliary of San Francisco; Stephen J. Thomas K. Gorman of Reno, Charles P. Greco of Donahue, Auxiliary of New York; Leo F. Dworschak, Alexandria, James A. Griffin of Springfield in Illinois, Auxiliary of Fargo; Daniel Joseph Feeney, Auxiliary William A. Griffin of Trenton, Henry J. Grimmelsman of Portland, Me.; Edward A. Fitzgerald, Auxiliary of of E¥ansville, Richard T. Guilfoyle of Altoona, Francis Dubuque; Raymond A. Kearney, Auxiliary of Brooklyn; J. Haas of Grand Rapids, William J. Hafey of Scran­ Henry T. Klonowski, Auxiliary of Scranton; Hugh L. ton, Ralph L. Hayes of Davenport, Edward F. Hoban Lamb, Auxiliary of Philadelphia; Joseph M. Marling, of Cleveland, Edward J. Hunkeler of Grand Island, C.PP.S., Auxiliary of Kansas City; J. Carroll Mc­ Peter L. Ireton of Richmond, Jules B. Jeanmard of Cormick, Auxiliary of Philadelphia; Thomas J. Mc­ Lafayette (La.), James E. Kearney of Rochester, Ed­ Donnell, Auxiliary of New York; Thomas J. Mc­ ward J. Kelly of Boise, Francis P. Keough of Provi­ Donough, Auxiliary of St. Augustine; John M. Mc­ dence, Louis B. Kucera of Lincoln, Charles Hubert Namara, Auxiliary of Baltimore and Washington; LeBlond of St. Joseph, George L. Leech of Harris­ James A. McNulty, Auxiliary of Newark; William D. burg, Bryan J. McEntegart of Ogdensburg, James A. O'Brien, Auxiliary of Chicago; Martin J. O'Connor, McFadden of Youngstown, James E. McManus, Rector of North American College, Rome; George C.SS.R. of Ponce, Puerto Rico, Sidney M. Metzger of J. Rehring, Auxiliary of Cincinnati; Lawrence J. El Paso, Albert G. Meyer of Superior, Aloisius J. Shehan, Auxiliary of Baltimore and Washington; Muench of Fargo, William T. Mulloy of Covington, Bernard J. Sheil, Auxiliary of Chicago; Stephen S. William F. Murphy of Saginaw, John K. Mussio of Woznicki, Auxiliary of Detroit; and John J. Wright, Steubenville, Thomas L. Noa of Marquette, John F. Auxiliary of Boston.

December, 1947 [5] F. Tanner was again chosen assistant general sec­ of Archbishop John J. Cantwell of Los Angeles, retary. and Archbishop Ritter was named to the same The general meeting voted unanimously to con­ committee to :fill a vacancy caused by the resigna­ duct the Bishops' Emergency Relief collection tion of Archbishop Murray. Bishop Joseph T. again in 1948, on Laetare Sunday where this is McGucken, Administrator of the Archdiocese of practical. Los Angeles, was elected to the Bishops' Commit­ It also voted to make the work of the Cana tee on Motion Pictures, filling a place left vacant Conference a special activity and interest of the by Archbishop Cantwell's death. Bishop Eugene Family Life Bureau, N.C.W.C. The appointment J. McGuinness, Coadjutor of Oklahoma City and by the Administrative Board of a special com­ Tulsa, was elected to the Bishops' Committee for mittee of Bishops to represent the N.C.W.C. in Montezuma Seminary. Bishop William A. Griffin problems relating to the Church in the occupied of Trenton was elected a member of the Bishops' areas in the Pacific was authorized. Committee on Decency in Literature. His Eminence Edward Cardinal Mooney, Arch­ Before closing, the Bishops assembled authorized bishop of Detroit, presided at most of the sessions the release of a joint statement on ((Secularism." of the general meeting, with His Eminence (See page 16 for text.) Samuel Cardinal Stritch, Archbishop of Chicago, The general meeting elected Bishop Thomas J. presiding at the other sessions. His Eminence Toolen of Mobile to the Bishop$' Committee on Francis Cardinal Spellman, Archbishop of New the Propagation of the Faith, to succeed Arch­ York, also took part in the deliberations. bishop Rummel, who resigned. Archbishop Mc­ The general meeting was opened Wednesday Nicholas was elected a new member of the Bishops' morning with a Mass in Caldwell Hall of the Committee on the Confraternity of Christian Catholic University, offered by the Most Rev. L. Doctrine. Archbishop Mitty was elected to the Abel Caillouet, Auxiliary Bishop of New Orleans, Committee on the North American College in who was the most recently conseGrated Bishop in Rome, filling a vacancy caused by the recent death attendance.

N.C.W.C. REPORTS To General Meeting of Bishops }D'L 1JuL JiM:aL ~ 1946-19/f.]

The following pages present a only where the forces actually were Bishops to our own people for the sup­ resume of the reports of the year•s at grips, as in certain areas of Europe port of our charities abroad had to be work of the departments. bureaus. and Asia, but wherever the philosophy intensified so that the work could go committees and associated organiza­ of secularism was. powerful enough to on undiminished. Our people re­ tions of the N.C.W.C .• by their re­ assert itself. sponded magnificently with the result spective episcopal chairmen: While constantly vigilant in mat­ that the Laetare Sunday appeal ters affecting the welfare of the brought the largest national collection Executive Department Church at home, the N.C.W.C., by in the history of the Church in the United States. Particular mention Archbi hop McNicholas, Chairman the very force of circumstances through which events in one area of should be made of those dioceses which N presenting the report of the the modern world have such sharp and doubled, tripled and, in some cases, I activities of the Executive Depart­ immediate repercussions abroad, found quadrupled the contribution of previ­ ment, Archbishop McNicholas ob­ itself concerned with problems and ous years, and this in a year in which served that as another year of the situations in other countries to a many other relief campaigns failed to post-war period moved onward, the greater extent than ever before. More­ attain their goals. From Our Holy lines of cleavage between the East and over, the growing importance of the Father and from the Bishops, priests the West became more sharply and, at United States and of Washington in and laity all over the world have come the same time, more clearly drawn. the political and economic life of the the most eloquent and touching letters Similarly the people of our nation and, world has tended to bring to the of thanks for the relief extended to the indeed, of the world became daily more Church in the United States and to the suffering and the needy through the conscious of the basic issues at stake N.C.W.C., in particular, responsibili­ generosity of the Catholics of the and more firmly entrenched in their ties of vast proportions and signifi­ United States. Significantly, this re­ alignment with respect to them. To­ cance. While hunger, want and dis­ lief has meant as much, if not more, talitarian materialism emerged more ease still stalked the lands of Europe from the spiritual as from the material plainly than ever before as the force and Asia, the National War Fund point of view, for it has given to those engaged in a mortal struggle with from which War Relief Services de­ who were its beneficiaries not only western Christian civilization. rived so much of its funds in the past food and raiment, but hope and en­ Religion and the institutions of re­ ceased its fund-raising activities. This couragement and a timely reminder of ligion were in the very forefront-not meant that the direct appeal of the the common bond of Christian charity

(6] CATHOLIC ACTION which their brethren in the Faith have Bureau of Immigration connection with controversial school matters. not forgotten. The Bureau of Immigration reported The care and settlement of dis­ «tremendous activity" in its ramified The section on international rela­ placed persons continues to be one of field, with increased difficulties arising tions stressed the existing and potential the most distressing problems facing from drastic changes in government American Catholic participation in the the post-war world. On the invita­ policies. Many alien visitors, or illegal United Nations Educational, Scien­ tion of the United States and British residents, here for long periods and tific and Cultural Organization and Governments to participate in the pro­ suddenly given official notice to leave the U. S. National Commission for gram of resettlement, the Holy Sec has the country, lost no time in seeking UNESCO, appealing for increased set up the Vatican Migration Bureau, the Bureau's aid. The enormous in­ Catholic interest to «insure the inclu­ through which, with the aid of its crease in travel to various foreign coun­ sion of sound philosophical approaches Nunciatures, various Catholic organi­ tries, especially by our missionaries, to world problems which from all in­ zations throughout the world, and its brought an endless stream of requests dications might otherwise be absent." other unique facilities, it will aid in for assistance with transportation, The Regular Departmental Activi­ this vast work. passports, visas, military permits to ties featured the Statistical Section, the War Relief Services continues its enter restricted areas, as well as the Teachers' Registration Section, and the relief work among the displaced and documents necessary for ultimate re­ N.C.W.C. Library. Statistically, the will function as one of the chief co­ turn to the United States. department presented these :figures on operating agencies in the matter of An important phase of the work was enrollment in American Catholic migration. A modus operandi has the advice given regarding immigrants schools: Elementary, 2,147,311, a gain been worked out whereby War Relief throughout the world, including the of 2.9 per cent in a year's period, Services' personnel abroad may be displaced persons in Europe. as to docu­ which "conforms to the increased utilized fully. The Catholic Commit­ mentation and procedure necessary to birth rate of the latter 3O's and early tee for Refugees also continues to han­ secure visas to enter this country. 40's"; Secondary, 443,004, a year's dle the vastly increased problems of gain of 5.3 per cent; College: 231,845, In the elaborate report describin~ refugee settlement in the United a remarkable increase «beyond the peak the activities of the Bureau's three States. enrollment of 161,886 in 1940." The offices, it is noted that 15,949 immi­ gain partly accounted for by the en­ Meanwhile, the N.C.W.C. Bureau grants and emigr:mts were assisted at rollment of veterans is in keeping with of Immigration has had a vital role the ports, with aid to ecclesiastics and the upswing in all colleges and univer­ in caring for the technical problems religious totaling 3,784, and help with sities in the United States. The United involved in the immigration of hun­ naturalization 1,686. The year's work States Office of Education has esti­ dreds of these people into the United involved 84,349 interviews and 72,194 mated that there are enrolled in these States. The amount of work involved communications were received and institutions, 2,100,000, that by the is altogether out of proportion to the sent out. numbers of persons involved but it fall of this year the figure will be has been done with the quiet and un­ Business Office 2,700,000, and that 195 0 will see 3,3 00,000 in these schools. It must be failing efficiency which has charac­ Publications of the N.C.\V.C. dis­ kept in mind that these figures include terized the activity of this all too little tributed by the Business Office num­ all post-high-school education and not noticed agency over the years. bered 5 86,945 during the fiscal year, The N.C.W.C., in response to an an increase of 1 0 0. 2 per cent over the merely colleges of liberal arts and invitation from the United States De­ previous period. Circulation of the sciences. The Office of Education docs partment of State, formulated through Catholic Student Program Service also not expect much decline until 1960. a group of Catholic scholars and ex­ increased 98 per cent over 1945-46. It was reported that the Teacher ' perts a Declaration of Human Rights. Building operation and maintenance, Registration Section received more With the approval of the Administra­ supplies and equipment procurement, calls for teachers than in any year tive Board, this document was pre- provision of telephone switchboard since its establishment in 19 21. For ented for the consideration of the ervice, mail distribution, mimeo­ the first time in many years the Ph.D. United Nations Commission for Hu­ graph, typist and addressograph serv­ degree was not a requisite for most of man Rights, which is engaged in the ices are among the other activities that the positions registered. In fact two drafting of an International Bill of have been centralized in the Business or three deans wrote that they would Rights. It was given wide distribu­ Office. even consider men with only the A.B. tion and was most favorably received. degree and a desire to continue gradu­ The ultimate aim of the Commis­ Education Department ate study. This let-down in tandard was necessary, of course, because of the sion is a Bill of Rights which can be Archbi hop Ryan, Chairman incorporated into the law of the indi­ lack of teachers and is only a tempo­ vidual countries which accept it. From HE report of the Department of rary measure. However, the V cterans' the outset it may be seen that this is T Education indicated a wider range Bureau Administration predicts an in­ no simple task since it is felt that the of interest and program than for pre­ creased number of veterans will apply provisions of the bill must be capable vious years. for college entrance for 1948, the peak of enforcement on an international On the national scene the depart­ coming in 1949. level. The member countries by which ment participated in conferences with The Library of Congress, particu­ it must be accepted vary from com­ N a tiona 1 E d u c a t ion Association larly the Legislative Reference Section, munist and socialist states to dictator­ groups, consultants to the U. S. De­ continued to look upon the N.C.W.C. ships and democracies. The N.C.W.C. partment of Education, representatives Library, a part of the Education De­ Office for United Nation Affairs has of the Federal Council of Churches of partment, as the source of information kept in close touch with the drafting Christ in America, the American on Catholic matters, it was noted. committee and every effort is being Council on Education, and other na­ An increased number of requests made to get basic principles of the tional groups, presented testimony and was received for material on Canoniza­ natural law incorporated into the in­ views on national legislation, and initi­ tion, Lives of the Saints, Anti­ ternational document. ated research and interpretation in Semitism, Racism and Apologetics.

December, 1947 {7) Legal Department voluntary basis, as approved by the before, and ~nstances of special cover­ Administrative Board of Bishops. age, as in the case of the trials of Archbi hop Rummel, Chairman The Department has prepared an Archbishop Stepinac and of Monsignor MOST important phase of the analysis of the Report of the Presi­ Tiso. A work of the Legal Department dent's Commission on Universal Mili.­ Reporting an expansion of the during the 1946-47 period was its tary Training and of legislation pro­ Service's headquarters staff and excel­ cooperation with diocesan authorities posed to implement the recommenda­ lent results from maintenance of rov­ and interested attorneys in the defense tions of the Commission. ing correspondents in Europe and Asia, Archbishop Murray said also that the of the right of parents to direct the A procedure for the remuneration of education of their children under the pre-war network of European corre­ Catholic hospitals for services made Constitutions and laws of the States. spondents has been reconstituted and available to Government under the even extended. No direct contact, To deny to a child the right to share Maternal and Infant Care Program, in privileges such as free school lunch, however, could be established with Rehabilitation Programs, et cetera, as Yugoslavia and Poland, whence news free transportation to and from school, finally adopted, is proving satisfactory free textbooks, et cetera, restricts the is obtained from indirect sources. to both Government agencies and to Illustrating the diversity of Cath­ right of parents who send their child the hospitals. to a school not supported by taxation. olic news coverage during the year, The Department has had numerous Outstanding in this period has been the report showed that a score of the cooperation of the Department occasions to cooperate with diocesan celebrated writers provided special with attorneys in defense of the con­ authorities in promoting sound legis­ articles on as many special occasions, lation and public administration af­ stitutionality of a law enacted by New and that the NC Service was able to fecting religious institutions in the Jersey to provide free transportation of bring a radioed on-the-scene account pupils to and from tax exempt schools. States. of the first Mass ever offered at the The Supreme Court of the United South Pole. States sustained the New Jersey law Press Department His Holiness Pope Pius XII was in a split decision. Archbishop Murray, Chairman again outstanding in the news, the Another case arlSlng in Illinois report said. challenges the right of a public school VENTS of Catholic importance Important events of the year in the to release pupils for religious instruc­ E and interest in a quantity and di­ United States were the decision of the tion during school hours. While this versity never before equalled in the United States Supreme Court uphold­ case is not of direct interest to Catho­ history of the N.C.W.C. News Service ing a New Jersey statute authorizing lics, it does involve the legal question were reported during the past year. public bus transportation for children of the relationship between the Gov­ «The deadly earnest struggle of the of public and non-public schools; ernment and religion. For this reason, West against atheistic communism" visits of Cardinals von Preysing of the Legal Department is intensifying was widely manifest, and ualong with Germany, Tisserant of France and its examination of the history and in­ this, there came ever-widening and Mindszenty of Hungary, and of Arch­ terpretation of the First Amendment ruthless assaults on religion," the bishop Mar Ivanios of India; and to the United States Constitution. Catholic Church often being singled canonization of St. Frances Xavier Thus is opened a vast field for histori­ out to bear the brunt of this perse­ Cabrini, first U. S. citizen-saint. cal and legal research for which the cution. libraries and archives in Washington ««A sharply different type of re­ Social Action Department are available. porting became essential" to meet the Bishop Alter, Chairman In cooperation with the N.C.W.C. challenges of the new year. More Department of Education, the Legal careful analysis with background ma­ HE report of the Social Action Department has contributed to the terial was needed to present and clar­ T Department, after a general in­ defense of all school children, without ify confusing issues, and more on-the­ troduction, describes work done and discrimination, to participate in Fed­ spot probing to keep pace with swiftly current trends and makes recommenda­ eral aid programs, including the moving events. tions under the headings of Industrial School Lunch Program. The report listed as highlights Problems, Family Life, International The Department has cooperated among notable achievements of the Relations, Interracial Relations, and with the Surplus Property Admini­ N.C.W.C. News Service during the Communism. Following these are ac­ stration in promoting relations and year the following: Further strength­ counts of the inauguration of the contacts for Catholic health and ed­ ening of the Service's correspondence Grand Rapids type of regional Catholic ucational institutions desiring to make from Vatican City and Rome; conclu­ congress and a general analysis of Cath­ purchases. Similarly, the Department sion of an agreement to issue a Portu­ olic activity in the Department's fields has cooperated with hospitals in prob­ guese-language edition of the Service of work with recommendations. lems arising under the Federal Hospi­ (the third language in which NC ap­ Finally there is an appendix on inter­ tal Construction Act. pears); accreditation of an NC cor­ national Catholic organizations and The Department has kept in close respondent to cover the foreign min­ their representation at the United Na­ touch with Social Security matters, isters meeting in Moscow, the first tions, again with recommendations. and particularly with health insurance. bona fide newspaperman officially ac­ Included were brief sections on the In this it has at all times worked in credited by Russia since the advent of Catholic Conference on Industri:1l close communication with the Catho­ communism to report from that coun­ Problems, the Catholic Association for lic Hospital Association. The Depart­ try exclusively for religious papers; International Peace and the National ment, with the cooperation of diocesan revision and expansion of the NC Fea·­ Catholic Family Life Conference, or­ authorities, has prepared a draft of an ture Service; successful syndication ganizations auxiliary to the Depart­ amendment to the Social Security Act of a series exposing communism in ment. which, if enacted, would extend cover­ the United States; an increase of 37 The report is thirty tightly written age of Old Age and Survivors Insur­ subscribers, with the service going to pages and is impossible to summarize ance to tax exempt organizations on a 41 countries, four more than the year because of the variety of the work

[ 8] CATHOLIC ACTION done in each field, the difference in Council of Catholic Women for the descriptive radio circulars were mailed the trends in the different phases of past fiscal year as presented by their out and thousands of printed radio social action, and the breadth anJ Episcopal Chairman, Archbishop talks were distributed upon reque t. variety of the recommendations. Lucey, to the General Meeting of the In September, 1947, the Council This year's report gives much more Bishops. played a prominent part in the Catho­ space to the analyses of trends and the lic Tri-State Congress in Grand Rapids, recommendations than the reports of National Council of Mich. The five-day Congress was de­ previous years and puts usually in tab­ Catholic Men scribed in many circles as one of the ular form the account of the work most significant lay undertakings in done. For example in the section on VIDENCING the growth of the field of Catholic action. Industrial Problems after describing E Catholic activity among the the Industrial Conferences held, the Catholic men of the nation during the National Council of Institutes, the special work among current year is the increase of Catholic Women priests and the formal statements, N.C.C.M. affiliates from 2,9 54 to some twenty items arc listed under 3,130. URVEYING the worl- of the fis­ the heading simply of Miscellaneous According to a tabulation appearing Scal year 1946-47 in the light o+ the Work which includes such matters as in The Priest, the current gross circu­ original directives laid down for it by helping the other N.C.W.C. Depart­ lation of newspapers carrying Catholic the National Catholic Welfare Con­ ments, service on national and inter­ information through the Council's ference, the National Council of Cath­ national committees, writing columns Narberth Atticles is 1,741,158, weekly. olic Women finds its assignment has and magazine articles, answering quer­ Narberth material, suitable for news­ been carried out in every particular. ies, securing and editing pamphlets, paper articles or for mailing to non­ A steady growth in affiliations, 136 helping organizations to secure speak­ Catholics, is sent to any affiliate upon over the previous year, now lists 75 ers, arranging for programs for the request and, at a slight charge, to any Diocesan Councils, with Dallas to be N.C.W.C. Youth Department, etc. In other group desiring such material. organized as the 76th in September, tabular form this part covers three Through the employment of these ar­ 1947. Eighteen national organiza­ pages. Then come seven pages on ticles and leaflets, almost one and one­ tions of women are affiliated, seven trends and recommendations. The half million readers, the majority non­ State organizations, and a total of same general proportion of space con­ Catholics, were brought in contact 4,709 local organizations, of which tinues throughout. with Catholic teaching. over 100 are in dioceses where Some particular items are: The Fam­ The N.C.C.M. has continued its as­ diocesan councils are not yet estab­ ily Life Conference and the pledge of sistance to the National Organization lished. renewal of the marriage promises at for Decent Literature by reviewing This year saw the tnnsfer of the a Holy Hour in forty dioceses at the magazines, collating the reports of the National Catholic School of Social same time. Special work on atomic reviewers and furnishing uch material Service, for 27 years a national proj­ energy. Special work with interna­ to the proper authorities for prepara­ ect entrusted to the N.C.C.W. by the tional Catholic organizations. Deci­ tion of the List of Magazines Disap­ Bishops, to the Catholic University. sion to inaugurate economic confer­ proved by N.O.D.L. In general, it The N.C.C.W. Board has urged its ences on negro problems through the may be said that during the past year affiliates, however, to continue their Catholic Conference on Industrial textual matter reviewed has shown interest in directing young women to Problems. Preparation and publica­ improvement, while an opposite trend the career of social service and to the tion of material on Communism. Spe­ in advertising matter has been noted. obtaining of such training under cial work with business representatives The N.O.D.L. list of objectionable Catholic auspices. and personnel men. literature dropped 17 magazine which The biennial convention in Kansas The report recommended: were brought within its code during City demonstrated the growth of the the year. However, 14 additions were Council, with 1,3 00 women attend­ u 1. A group of priests in each dio­ necessitated by new violations. cese working together under a director ing, among them voting delegates (wherever possible formally appointed June 22, 1947, marked the 900th from affiliated organizations from 31 by the Bishop) to make Catholic social consecutive broadcast of The Catholic states and 67 dioceses, the largest teaching known. Hour. Currently carried by 113 sta­ number ( 5 81) in the history of tions of the National Broadcasting N.C.C.W. conventions. The conven­ ••2. A group of laymen and lay­ Company, the Catholic Hour received tion was the scene of two awards to women around them who know or again this year a citation from the the National Council-from the Na­ want to know Catholic social teaching Institute for Education by Radio, for tional Catholic Community Service for and be apostles for it. its .. superior presentation of religious volunteer services during the war, and .. 3. Development of a program of thought accompanied by the best of from War Relief Services-N.C.W.C. education in the diocese in schools, liturgical music." The younger Hour for the successful campaign sponsored youth organizations, adult organiza­ of Faith, broadcast over 55 stations of for the provision of clothing for nuns tions and the press. the American Broadcasting Company, and children in devastated countries . .. 4. Diocesan organization of men, brought in many commendatory let­ An N.C.C.W. Committee for War women and youth so as to facilitate ters. In October of 1946, the Relief has been set up, to encourage a program of education in Catholic N.C.C.M. undertook the production continuing interest. Thus far 51 Social Teaching. of the Catholic program on the Mutual diocesan councils have totaled a con­ Broadcasting System's religious series, tribution of over 15 0,000 pounds of Lay Organizations Department entitled Faith in Our Time, carried clothing, and several affiliated na­ over 77 network stations. tional organizations have also made Archbi hop Lucey, Chairman An important part of the N.C.C.M. large contribution. The following accounts give a program is the distribution of litera­ Council work in the sphere of In­ resume of the reports of the National ture requested mainly by listeners to ternational Relations has developed Council of Catholic Men and National its three programs. Almost 500,000 greatly. The N.C.C.W. aided in mak-

December, 1947 [9) ing possible the first post-war Congress mcnt of some degree of diocesan plan­ An article by Father J. C. Murray, of the International Union of Cath­ ning is based on the growth of par­ S.J., in America (April 14, 1946) olic Women's Leagues, in Rome, and ish youth activities and the need of highlighted this situation. Because of in obtaining consultative status for diocesan coordination and assistance a need and an opportunity, Father the I.U.C.W.L. in the UN Economic to the parish priest. Murray was given special authoriza­ and Social Council. Both the N a tiona! In March, 1947, this Department, tion to select, train and send a student Council and its diocesan affiliates have through a questionnaire, surveyed the delegation to Europe as extraordinary be n active in promoting Inter-Amer­ situation of diocesan youth work in rcpr scntativcs of the College and Uni­ ican relations, :finding much need of this country. From 76 dioceses venity Section, NCYC. Four of the Catholic influence in thi field. In its answering, it was found that 64 have dele at1•s were accredited to the dele­ capacity as representing the viewpoint diocesan youth programs. Of 423 gation o£ 25 American students to the of united Catholic women, the N.C.­ people in diocesan youth work, 261 arc organization meeting of a proposed C.W. has continued wide activity with priests and 162 professional lay work­ international student union at Prague. national governmental and secular ers. The Catholic delegates also attended agencies. It has membership on six National Conference on Catholic the Pax Romana meeting in Fribourg. U.S. Government advisory committees, Y outi:J W ork.-Principally from the The hope in undertaking this project and on the advisory committee to the point of view of Diocesan Directors that tl selected group would return U.S. representative on the Inter­ plans were laid for a National Confer­ prepared to train other students in American Commi~sion of Women. It ence on Catholic Youth Work, called international student action was ful­ maintained a continuing representa­ by the Episcopal Chairman in Cleve­ filled by the active, meaningful par­ tion at the meetings of 16 national land, May 19-21, 1947. Six hundred ticipation of Catholics in the National ecular groups dealing with women's persons attended. The program, under Student Association launched in Chi­ affairs, and at eight national gather­ the title Unity in the Youth Aposto­ cago Christmas week, 1946. Seventy­ ings of Catholic conferences. late, was designed to clarify purposes four of 310 colleges represented were In the :field of Social Action, there and contribute toward better coordi­ Catholic institutions; 150 of 600 dele­ arc definite signs of growing interest nation on diocesan and national levels. gates were Catholics. among women's groups, and a more The National Catholic Youth CoU1~­ The Joint Committee for Student positive attitude regarding legislation cil has been approved as the national Action was organized to represent in this sphere, particularly with re­ federating machinery for Catholic Catholic student federation in national gard to support of the Status of youth groups in the U. S. The March and international affairs in October, Women bill, to replace the proposed survey revealed that 16 dioceses have 1946. Equal Rights act, and in support of Diocesan Youth Councils, with Coun­ RejJrescntation and Coordination.­ cils being formed in nine others. Five the Stratton bill for Displaced Per­ "To contact and evaluate national sons. Fourteen dioceses were repre­ dioceses reported inactive or discon­ governmental and non-governmental , en ted in the annual In titute on In­ tinued Councils. youth programs" is one of the th.ree dustry for women workers and dioce­ Encouragingly, many Diocesan san council Social Action chairmen, Youth Directors are convinced of the major functions of this Department. presented jointly by the N.C.C.W. and necessity of programs of } outh and by This objective implies a responsibility the Social Action Department of youth along Council lines. There is a for a ttpolicy of presence" in reference N.C.W.C. The amount of activity in growing conviction that too much is to the several national youth programs. the work of Catholic Parent-Teacher done for youth, and too much pa ivity In June, 1947, the Youth Depart­ As ociations and in the program of the or receptivity being created in them. ment became a member of the Youth Confraternity of Christian Doctrine The needs of the hour, and organiza­ Division of the Nation1l Social Wel­ increased perceptibly during the year. tions outside the Catholic youth field fare Assembly, a coordinating body The N.C.C.W. Committee on Cooper­ may stimulate other dioceses to under­ of recognized health, welfare and so­ ation with Catholic Charitie:. is pre­ take this more difficult and yet more cial work agencies. Nineteen major paring jointly with the National Con­ productive program of building youth youth-serving organizations in the ference of Catholic Charities a manual leadership. United States are associated. for the training of volunteers. The College and University Section, National Catholic Conference on Fam­ National Catholic Youth Council.­ ily Life conferred awards in Catholic During 1947, this Department gave Catholic Adion Study Department Action on seven N.C.C.W. representa­ high priority to supervising and pro­ Ar hbi hop Milly, Chairman tives for the work done by the Council moting the two national student fed­ in this :field. Diocesan Councils con­ erations comprising the College and URING the past year the Cath­ tinued their programs of hospitality University Section of NCYC. Mainly, D olic Action Library of the De­ to G.I. brides, in cooperation with the this activity was based on certain cur­ partment of Catholic Action Study Bureau of Immigration, N.C.W.C. rents in national and international has been built up to approximately student life. The present active con­ 1,000 books and pamphlets. Files Youth Department dition of the Newman Club Federa­ have been opened on 20 foreign coun­ tion, with 310 clubs affiliated, and the tries and material is on hand indicat­ Archbi hop Cushin , Chairman National Federation of Catholic Col­ ing how Catholic Action is being de­ HE Youth Department concerns lege Students, with 147 member col­ veloped in them. Results of surveys T itself with exchanging informa­ leges, is due partly to increased stu­ concerning the study of Catholic tion useful and nece sary for the dent activities outside the Catholic Action in Seminaries and Colleges as proper functioning of diocesan pro­ sphere. well as the actual functioning of grams and national groups interested Operation University.-At least six Catholic Action in the dioceses have in the Catholic Youth Apostolate. international meetings on student been tabulated. The library and the Dioce~a11 Programs. In many dio­ affairs were scheduled for 1946. Both files of the Department offer attrac­ ceses, priests have been appointed to national Catholic student federations tive rna terial for research and study coordinate, service and promote Cath­ were forced by financial considerations and a small stream of scholars has al­ olic youth groups. This establish- to forego any participation. ready commenced to consult them.

( I 0) CATHOLIC ACTION The first issue of Catbolic Actio1J made note of the Regional Congressc Catholi Contmittee for Refuaees Notes was publi hed in Novemb r, held in the fall of 1947 in Richmond, .\r hbi hop Runun 1, Chairman 1946. It is a quarterly and goes to San Antonio and Biloxi and of the N the course of its past year's 1,310 paid subscribers. part taken by the CCD in the Tri­ I activities the Catholic Committee State Catholic Congre at Grand for Rcfug s met many pecial prob­ Epis,opal Committee Reports Rapids, Mich. lems in addition to its usual work of Inter-American Relation -In Jan- intcrvie~ ing, aiding, guiding and The General Meeting of the Bi hops uary, 1947, Rev. yrilo lton, ettling r fug c coming or ref rrcd also received reports from several of S.CC. of the Catholic Universitie of to it. their episcopal committee chairmen, as Santiago, Chile and Lima, Peru, joined Incoming mail totaled 11,822, out­ follows: the staff to establi h contact with going, 12,961, and office interviews catechetical centers of Central and were accorded to more than 5,000 Confraternity of South America. The fir t two num­ per ons, in addition to intervie-.; s with Christian Doctrine bers of a bi-annual Confraternity Bul­ all incoming Catholic immigrants and BLhop O'Hara, Chairman letin in Spanish were sent to hier­ their relatives and friends. Consid­ HE objective of the Confra­ archy, clergy and laity of Central and erable time and money were devoted T ternity of Christian Doctrine is South America as well as to Latin­ to the problem of stowaways and to establish in every parish a generous American students attending colleges other tran icnts, who would have and fruitful apostolate. and universities in the United States. faced slave labor had they been re­ During the current year diocesan Publications-On this year's list of turn d to their country of origin. directors were appointed for Colum­ publications are Spanish translations Sixty-nine persons in this category bus, Pueblo, and the recently erected of CCD material; a second leaflet se­ were aided, most of them being sent dioceses of Evan ville and Lafayette, ries At Home from 3 to 6, which is to South American countries. Ind., and Madison, Wis., bringing the being di tributed in ten dioceses by Refugees who fled to Shanghai and total to 118. Assistant directors were the Parent-Educator Section; The who now wish to emigrate to coun­ appointed m 13 archdioce es and Confraternity of Christian Doctrine­ trie where some opportunity might dioce es. Addresses a11d Letters, by Most Rev. await them or to return to their own At the 11th Annual Meeting of Amleto G. Cicognani, D.D.; and countries were aided by the Shanghai Directors, held in conjunction with Proceedings of the Ei~hth National ommittee for Catholic Refugees. the • if!hth National Congre , it was Congre s. About half of them have been settled pointed out that more mpha is must Religious Educatiotz. of Catholic and a number of them are expected to arrive in S:m Francisco soon. be ~ivcn to spiritual motivation. Attcndin,~ S('cular f'honls-1 ,000,000 Priests hav b en outfitted, orphans Catbolic ActiotJ Institute of tbe children outside Catholic school arc receiving instruction in chool year cared for and a group of 2 31 Polish CCD-A hope c. pre sed by Arch­ religious in truction cl e and re­ children cttlcd in thi country. bishop Lucey became a reality last «There will be need for the work summer at Catholic University. Per- ligious vacation schools. of the Committee for many year ," ons experienced in Confraternity ontntitte on 1\fotion Picture ays the report. work conducted a six-week summer Bi hop Scully, Chairman A report of total figures for the ten school session with academic credit, years of the Committee's e.·i tence I IE report of the Committee on providing intensive training for Con­ sho v 1,868 refugees and di placed Motion Pictures to the cneral fraternity activity through workshop T persons settled in this country; finan­ and classes. An enrollment of 106 Meeting of the Bishops analyzed the cial aid in one form or another given annual report of the National Legion priests, isters, seminarian , lay men to 1,203 persons, and the new arrivals and women from 3 2 dioce es of the of Decency, noting the increased who have come to this country. Prac­ United States, Canada and South number of Class B film (objection­ tically all of the I 868 refugees are America gave promi e of better pre­ able in part) over previous years. self -supporting and r side in their pared reapers for the harvest. Grave concern over the problem own homes. EJgbth National Ccmgress-Repre­ arising from the production of motion The Catholic Committee for Refu­ s ntatives from 42 state· and 12 for­ pictures based on immoral books was gees hopes to accept and as i t in the einn countries assembled from October also expre sed. The practice of mak­ handling of refugees and displaced 2 5 29 in Boston. Registration reached ing such pictures tend to promote the per ons moved through the effort of 12,945. Archbishop Cu hing made writing and increase the sale of im­ the Preparatory Commi sion of the an earnest plea to a capacity audience moral literature, thus constituting a International Refugee Organization. for prayers for the beatification of menace to the moral standards of the Pope Pius X. He announced his spon- American people. The Year's Care of the War Vidim or ·hip of a pilgrimage to Rome to the The appointment of the Rev. War Relief ervice -N.C. .C. tomb of the Holy Pontiff in Septem­ Patrick J. Masterson as executive sec­ ROM funds derived from the ber, 1948. Since February, 1945, retary of the Legion of Decency, suc­ F Bishop's Relief Campaign for Vic­ hen the CCD began promotion of the ceeding Msgr. John J. McClafferty, tims of War and the National War ause of Pius X, over 1,000,000 prayer who has b en named dean of the Fund, as well as from the proceeds of cards have been distributed through National Catholic School of Social it various gifts-in-kind campaigns the ational Center. Service of the Catholic University of conducted during the past fiscal year, The Cross of Honor of the CCD America was announced, and the ap­ War Relief Services-N.C.W.C. was ha bl'en pr sented to the Mo-;t Rev­ pointment of the Rev. Thomas F. able to forward to the war-d vast ted erend Apostolic Dele ate, to Arch­ Little of Brooklyn, to replace the Rev. countries during this year a total of hi hop Cu bing, and to repre enta­ Brendan Larnen, O.P., as assistant 25,266,197 pounds of focd, clothing tives of Episcopal Sponsors of previ­ executive secretary. Father Larnen and medicine which had an approxi­ ous Catechetical Congre se in the has been assigned to teach at Aquinas mate value of $11,165,867.04. Thee United States, Canada, Spain, Central College High School in Columbus, contributions brought the total and outh America. The report also Ohio. amount of relief that ha been ex-

December, 1947 ( II ] tended through War Relief Services· Persons in the camps in Germany, to peacetime living for the Church N.C.W.C. from various sources, since Austria, Italy and other areas, and be­ and community at large. NCCS has its inauguration in 1943, to the grand gan a program of cooperation with the made innumerable contributions to the total of approximately 142,241,000 Vatican Migration Bureau established social thinking and consciousness of pounds of supplies which had a total by the Secretariat of State of the communities throughout the nation, value of more than $107,350,000. Vatican, looking toward the solution combating false philosophies and mak­ Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, of thi · most perplc ing probl m ing po itivc ontribuLions in harmony Poland and Roumania continued to be through plans for resettlement. with the teachings of the Church. areas of most critical need in Europe, ((Most tangible of the contribution and the recipients of a large share of National Catholic Community Service of NCCS of permanent value arc the the relief that was forwarded abroad HE National Catholic Community continuing programs in communities by this Catholic agency. Conditions T Service, member agency of the in various parts of the country. Sev­ in the Far East were almost as critical United Service Organizations, Inc., eral permanent service centers have as those in Europe, and there were will continue its welfare program for been established as a res·ult of NCCS whole thousand of war victims in the nation's peacetime defense forces work." China, Japan, Korea and the Philip­ after the dissolution of USO in De­ In a summary of NCCS activitie pines who were dependent upon the cember, according to an announce­ during the period from June 1941, to charity of the Church. The Catholic ment contained in the NCCS ann al June 1947, the report indicates that agencies of these countries were sup­ report to its Board of Trustees at the NCCS, supported chiefly by funds plied also with food, clothing and meeting of the American Hierarchy contributed to the National War medicine, particularly for programs in Washington, D. C., last month. Fund, conducted 84 clubs primarily for children. Objectives of the peacetime NCCS for Negroes, 148 clubs serving Army In addition to the major progr:tms program have been outlined by the and Navy hospitals. partly or entirely carried on in these countries, substan­ Bishops as follows: ( 1) to serve the staffed 67 4 service clubs and offices, tial shipments were made to Belgium, spiritual, educational, recreational and including 79 mobile and maneuvers where even though there has been social needs of our peace defense operations and 17 community-con­ marked recovery a number of chil­ forces; ( 2) to coordinate and stimu­ ducted operations and provided cam­ dren's institutions appealed for assist­ late work of local Catholic groups in pus-trainee supervisory programs at ance in their child-feeding programs; providing service to Veterans Hos­ 262 universities and colleges elected to Czechoslovakia, to disease and pitals. by the War and Navy Departments famine-ridden Egypt and India, to While the rna jor resources of the for student training. England in response to special appeals, future NCCS program will be devoted The Women's Division of NCCS, to Greece, Luxembourg, Madagascar, to the welfare of the defense forces, which was primarily concerned with Malta, the Netherlands whose situa­ the Bishops have also authorized NCCS the welfare of women, girls and fami­ tion is akin to that of Belgium, to the uto offer advisory and consultative lies during the war, served 210 federal Scandinavian countries to assist refu­ service on a limited basis to dioceses housing projects and conducted 84 gees, and to Yugoslavia. requesting assistance in organi7.ation clubs for industrial war workers. Six major campaigns for funds and and development of Catholic Com­ The report shows that 1,597 profes­ gifts-in-kind were conducted during munity Service programs for civilians, sional staff members have served in the this fiscal period: the Bishops' Relief with particular reference to Catholic NCCS-USO program. ApproYimately Campaign for Victims of War which Community Centers and adult leisure­ 5,600 local, state and affiliated national began on Laetare Sunday, March 16, time recrea tiona I programs." organizations cooperated with the 1947, and which realized over $7,500,- This latter objective hac; been stipu­ NCCS in a volunteer capacity, and 000 for foreign relief purposes; the lated in view of the increased Catholic some 650,000 volunteers offered their Clothe the War Stricken Campaign community activities resulting from services, giving 61,000,000 hours of last winter in which 3,640,000 pounds the NCCS war-time experience, which time in many capacities. of clothing were gathered, a camp:1.ign developed Catholic volunteer and pro­ Some 2,000,000 individuah were for Clothing for the Religious and fessional services and Catholic com­ counseled; 39,000,000 information Clergy of Europe and the Far East munity organization to a level hereto­ services were provided; 45,000,000 re­ taken up principally among the Cath­ fore unapproached. ligious articles and items of religious olic clergy of the United States; the In de cribing the many permanent 1itcraturc were distributed to chap­ continuing Children in Need Cam­ or carry-over values of the NCCS lains and clubs by the NCCS national paign of the National Council of w "~rtime program, the report states: office; 5 8,000,000 individuals used Catholic Women which has now «The existence and activities of NCCS speciali7ed equipment and facilities of reached a total of approximately 750,- have resulted in increased restigc for the clubs; 76,000,000 accommodation 000 pounds of children's and infants' Catholic professional workers, Catho­ services were provided; 120,000 000 clothing and a special campaign con­ lic laymen and women, Catholic lead­ persons were served at snack bars; ducted by the Council for soap and ership, and even of the Church itself 152,000,000 persons participated in towels which gathered 3 0,000 pounds in many communities. The oro-aniza­ group activities; and 291,000,000 per­ of these invaluable articles; and a tion has achieved an immeasurable de­ sons entered NCCS-U<)O ch.1bs. special family assistance campaign gree of success in overcoming i anor­ In addition to its USO operations which is being conducted by the Cath­ ance, prejudice and misconception." NCCS conducted a number of inde­ olic Daughters of America. «ation and tee and the cooperation of local Cath­ try during Thanksgiving week. community organization. It has or­ olic groups. During this period War Relief Serv­ a:mized and trained volunteers and has Many awards, honors and tokens ices-N.C.W.C. also continued to lend demonstrated the potential contribu­ of appreciation were received by aid and assistance to the Di~placed tion volunteers can and should make NCCS.

I 12 1 CATHOLIC ACTION RELIGION IN PUBLIC EDUCATION

Article IV

HE first chapters in the history of Atnerican sectarian and which made itself felt in the nttngs education indicate the prominent place that and activities of certain notable Americans, such T was given to religion in the curriculum. But as Franklin, Jefferson, Noah Webster and others. the gradual elimination of religion from public These men with greater or less emphasis looked school education is also a matter of historical upon education as a progressive development of record, and it has given rise to questions and prob­ the natural man from his earliest years with the lems which are widely discussed and agitated to­ least possible exposure to religious dogmas or to day. It is significant that the schools established formal ecclesiastical control. Some of these ideas in the American colonies were in the main religious were expressed in the view that education was the schools, in that religious teachings formed the exclusive function of the democratic state. In background and gave spirit to the curriculum. this naturalistic concept of education, one finds This influence, almost entirely Protestant, in the seeds of a system of state-controlled education school education was acknowledged not only in in which specific religious teachings v-ere to be New York and Pennsylvania, but also in New eliminated. 3 England where the church used the power of the Horace Mann (1796-1859) led the movement various state governments to promote and enforce to secularize the public schools. He served as its views and tenets.1 Catholics enjoyed only secretary of the board of education of the State limited freedom to establish schools during the of Massachusetts from 18 3 7 to 1848. He was a colonial period, except in Maryland, where the devoted and effective spokesman for those who in first regularly established school dates from 1640. growing number in the northern and western This, in general, was the situation at the time of states sought to substitute ((democracy" for the birth of the Republic and for some decades Christianity as the informing spirit of America's after. The schools were in the main religious and schools. As a basic principle he looked to the denominational in character. Thus, there was universal establishment of (tfree" schools to be reading of the Bible, the school day began and maintained by state taxes and wholly dissociated closed with prayer, and the content of the text­ from any religious teachings; moreover, he insisted books, especially the readers and later on the his­ that the State should support these schools and tories and geographies was definitely religious. make school attendance compulsory upon the na­ Public education as a term used in this early period tion's children. ((As such," observes Dr. Kane, • did not connote non-religious, secularized educa­ ttMann is properly acclaimed tthe father of the tion as it does at the present time.2 A mencan. pu bl'tc sc hoo 1s. , , ~ Profound changes, however, took place around Throughout the controversy over the control 1840 which gave rise to the establishment of a of public schools, the number of Catholic ichools non-sectarian system of public education. Mainly was increasing in this country. Some attempts responsible for the change were the rapid growth were made by Catholics to obtain a portion of of the country's population due to immigration, state funds to :finance their parochial schools; and and the increase of its territory due to the west­ the best known instance is the unsuccessful efforts ward expansion. Corresponding to the popula­ of Bishop Hughes of New York in 1841-42. The tion growth was the increase in the number of outstanding effect of the controversy was to show various religious bodies with conflicting beliefs the imminent danger to faith and morals existing and teachings. The continued maintenance of in the public school system as influenced by the schools under Protestant auspices which were at so-called non-sectarians of that day, and, as a the same time publicly supported became increas­ consequence, Catholics set to work to build up, ingly difficult. at a tremendous cost, a system of parochial schools To the sectarian conflict over the conduct of that were in no way supported by the State. The public schools must be added a philosophy of ed­ first Provincial Council of Baltimore, in 18 29, ucation which was definitely natur,alistic and non- had urged the establishment of schools, uin which

December, 1947 [ 13) the young may be instructed in the principles of faith and morality, while being instructed in let­ 1947-1948 Forum Series ters,H and regulations for parochial schools were HIS year's series of articles on "Crucial Questions passed by the three Plenary Councils of Baltimore Tof the Day" offered by the N.C.W.C. Forum Com­ held in 1852, 1866, and 1884. Thus in less than mittee, has been prepared for general use. It should a hundred years a complete change took place in be especially helpful to organization and educational the public schools of the nation. Religion was leaders. eliminated from the curriculum and the very end Use the articles: and purpose of education itself underwent a trans- For your own information formation: it was a preparation solely of mind and As texts for discussion clubs, forums, round tables, body for the duties of a citizen of a democratic radio talks state; the inculcation of religious truths for train­ As aids for organization and school programs ing of the soul and spirit of youth was left to other For informal discussion at home and abroad agencies than the school. An important effect Use the questions at the end as guides for reading of this development was the virtual abandonment and discussion. of separate denominational schools by the non­ Catholic groups in this country. The Lutherans in many places, particularly in the western part of the country, continue to set up and maintain something," wrote the editor, (tin a national way their own schools to a greater extent than do the about training its children spiritually as well as other Protestant bodies. Yet it is true that the mentally and physically. The facts are con­ elementary and secondary education of Protestant vincing. Children do have souls, and their souls children is now almost wholly carried on by public must be trained in schools as well as in homes; if schools or by private institutions having no secta­ they are not trained in homes, then school train­ rian affiliations.<: ing is all the more necessary." 7 Prominent leaders What has occurred in public elementary and in American life have expressed similar convictions secondary education has likewise transpired in the during recent years. higher schools of the nation. Ten colleges were There is a growing sentiment in favor of making in existence prior to 1776, all of which, with the some provision for the teaching of religion in the exception of Franklin's Academy in Philadelphi3, public schools. And in such proposals one finds were founded by a religious body. In the follow­ repeated references to the condition of public ed­ ing decades other higher institutions of learning ucation that prevailed in the early years of our were established whose charters made clear, save nation when religion was generally looked upon in a comparatively few instances, that they would as inseparable from education. What is, perhaps, be of a non-sectarian character. As time went on, the most representative and factual presentation the new institutions, particularly State founda­ of this view appeared in April, 1947, in a study tions, were non-sectarian and the older colleges entitled, The Relation of Religion to Public Ed­ and universities became less sectarian until at the cation, by a special committee of the American present time their early denominational affiliation Council of Education. This Committee rejected is hardly recognizable. Here again, the Catholic secularism which, in brief, is a practical exclusion colleges and universities have set themselves of God from human thinking and living and a directly against the general trend. From the subservience to the norms and standards of this foundation of Georgetown College in 1789 to the world in all the various phases of life. uwe can­ present, the conduct of religion courses has been not agree that it has ever been accepted as such given primary attention, and the principles of by the American people," asserted the report. Catholic philosophy and theology have not only ttWe are convinced that the vast majority of the been studied but have also permeated and in­ American people, to whom the schools belong, fluenced the teaching of the various academic sub­ would repudiate the assumption that seculariza­ jects. tion of the schools expresses an intentional de­ It is apparent today that there are strong and valuation of religious faith or religious institutions. influential forces astir which are pitted against But how many of these see the ultimate implica­ complete secularization of American public ed­ tions of secularization is another matter." 8 ucation. A national weekly publication in Octo­ In its summary, the Committee concluded that ber, 1942, sounded out the mind of the American the exclusion of religion from the public schools public on the subject of religion and moral in­ so prevalent today has forced pupils to look upon struction in the public schools. The results of the religion as of relatively little or no importance. survey surprised the editors of the publication ((This runs counter, we believe, to the intention with its revelation of opinion and forthright of the American school system from the begin­ demands for action. ttAmerica is going to do ning." 9 The report ts, however, unwilling to

[ 14] CATHOLIC ACTION identify public education with a particular body education we may conclude with a quotation of sectarian beliefs and practices. Again, the from the Statement of the Catholic Bishops on Committee felt that the growth of secularism in Secularism published in November, 1947. ((A modern life ((was very greatly stimulated by the philosophy of education which omits God, neces­ artificial limitation of the school curriculum to S3rily draws a plan of life in which God either has non-religious subject matter." 10 Various pro­ no place or is a strictly private concern of men. posals and suggestions for solution of the problem There is a great difference between a practical were studied by the Committee. The inclusion arrangetnent which leaves the formal teaching in the curriculum of a ttcommon core" of ideas of religion to the family and to the church, and and propositions from the major religious faiths to the educational theory of the secularist who ad­ which the majority of Americans would give as­ visedly and avowedly excludes religion from his sent was considered and rejected. The Released program of education. Time plan of weekday religious instruction was uThe first, reluctantly tolerated under certain also treated objectively, and particular attention conditions as a practical measure of public policy, was given to the arguments pro and con with may actually serve to emphasize the need of reli­ reference to the use of public school buildings by gious instruction and training, and to encourage representatives of the c;everal faiths. In general, public school administrators to cooperate with the Committee appears to favor with certain reser­ home and church in making it possible." u . vations this plan, saying ((there is much to be said 1 W. Kane, An Essay toward a History of Education (Chicago: Loyola for such a program, as against a rigid seculariza­ University Press, 1938), p. 563. tion which excludes religion altogether." 11 Other 2 J. A. Burns and Bernard J. Kohlbrenner, A History of Catholic Educatiot~ in the United States (New York: Benziger, 1937), pp. 109, 151. suggestions and plans, such as literary study of the 3 Geoffrey O'Connell, Naturalism in American Education (Benziger, Bible, courses on the religious life of the com­ 1938), p. 67. 1 Kane, op. cit., p. 569. munity in the social studies program, and clearly­ ()William Turner, Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. VIII, p. 560, art. defined courses in natural ethics and character "Schools." 6£. E. Slosson, The American Spirit in Eductstion, p. 181. education were made by the Committee. It leaves, 7 John F. Noll, "Widespread Demand for Religion in Education," in in substance, to the religious leaders of the com­ The Acolyte, February, 1942, p. 3. 8 The Relation of Religion to P~tblic Eductltion, American Council munity to come to ua meeting of minds" before of Education Studies, Series I, Number 26, Volume XI, April, 1947, the school authorities can be expected to make Wa hington, D. C. 9 Ibid., p. 49 use of the suggestions of the report. All in all, 10 Ibid., p. 50. the Committee presented the problem anew to 11 Ibid., p. 51. 12 N.C.W.C. edition, p. 29. the American people; but it is a problem still. 13 N.C.W.C. edition, p. 7. We have attempted to sketch the place of reli­ gion in public education in America from the QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION colonial period when ((public" schools were reli- 1. What is the history of schools established in the American gious schools, on to the elimination of religion colonies as regards religious teachings? 2. What change took place around 1840? Wh.o led the and the secularization of the public school system movement to secularize public education? in the mid-nineteenth century. The present-day 3. Discuss the influences today that are challenging the dissatisfaction with this secularization has also complete secularization of the schools? been presented. Throughout this discussion of 4. Discuss the principles and nature of Catholic education the public school problem, the Catholic position as set forth in the quotation from Pope Pius XI. on education was briefly outlined in the consistent BIBLIOGRAPHY and self-sacrificing support of parochial schools American Council of Education Studies, The Relat;on of and Catholic colleges and universities in which Religion to Public Education, Vol. XI, No. 26, April, the truths of the faith and the divine principles 1947. of morality are inculcated. The principles and Burns, J. A. and Kohlbrenner, B. J., A History of Catholic Education in the United States, New York: Benziger, nature of the Catholic school system were clearly 1937. enunciated by Pope Pius XI in his Encyclical on Confrey, Burton, Secularism in American Education, its C3tholic Education. History, Educational Research Monographs, Catholic Uni­ It is necessary that all the teaching and the whole versity of America, Vol. VI (January 15, 1931), No.1. organization of the school, and its teachers, syllabus and Cubberly, E. P., Public Education in the United States, textbooks in every branch, be regulated by the Christian Boston: Houghton Miffiin, 1934. pirit, under the direction and maternal supervision of Encyclical of Pope Pius XI On Christian Education of Youth, the Church; so that religion may be in very truth the N.C.W.C. foundation and crown of the youth's entire training; Kane, W., An Essay toward a History of Education, Chicago: and this in every grade of school, not only the elementary, Loyola University, 193 8. but the intermediate and the higher institutions of learn­ Slosson, C. W., uThe American Spirit in Education," in ing as well.12 Chronicles of America, New Haven: Yale University, Vol. 30, 1921. This is for us the way of education that lies O'Connell, Geoffrey, Naturalism in American Educ11tion, ahead; in our regard toward religion in public New York: Benziger, 1938.

December, 1947 [IS] O MAN can disregard God-and N play a man's part in God's world. Unfortunately, however, there are many men-and their number is daily SECULARISM-ROOT OF increasing-who in practice live their live without recognizing that this is God's world. For the most part they do not deny God. On formal oc­ WORLD'S TRAVAIL casions they may even mention His Full text of the statement of the Archbishops and ,name. Not all of them would sub­ Bishops of the Vnited States, issued at the close of scribe to the statement that all moral their annual meeting in Washington, D. C., No­ values derive from merely human con­ vember 12, 13, 14, and signed in their names by ventions. But they fail to bring an the members of the Administrative Board of the ~wareness of their responsibility to God National Catholic Welfare Conference. into their thought and action as in­ dividuals and members of society. This, in essence, is what we mean image and likeness. In this sense he ness of God which they may retain is by secularism. It is a view of life that i .. endowed by his Creator with cer­ impotent as a motive in daily conduct. limits itself not to the material in tain unalienable Rights." Neither The moral regeneration which is recog­ exclusion of the spiritual, but to the reason nor history offers any other nized as absolutely necessary for the human here and now in exclusion of solid ground for man's inalienable building of a better world must begin man's relation to God here and here­ rights. It is as God's creature that by bringing the individual back to after. Secularism, or the practical ex­ man generally and most effectively God and to an awareness of his respon­ clusion of God from human thinking recognizes a personal responsibility to sibility to God. This, secularism, of and living, is at the root of the world's seck his own moral perfection. Only its very nature, cannot do. travail today. It was the fertile soil a keen awareness of personal respon­ in which such social monstrosities as sibility to God develops in a man's The Family Fascism, Nazism, and Communism soul the saving sense of sin. Without a deep-felt conviction of what sin is, Secularism has wrought havoc in the could germinate and grow. It is doing family. Even the pagans saw some­ more than anything else to blight our human law and human conventions can never lead man to virtue. If in thing sacred in marriage and the heritage of Christian culture, which family. In Christian doctrine its holi­ integrates the various aspects of human the privacy of his personal life the individual docs not acknowledge ac­ ness is so sublime that it is likened to life and renders to God the things that the Mystical Union of Christ and His arc God's. Through the centuries, countability to God for his thought and his action, he lacks the only Church. Secularism has debased the Christian culture has struggled with marriage contract by robbing it of tts man's inborn inclination to evil. The foundation for stable moral values. Secularism docs away with account­ relation to God and, therefore, of its ideals of Christianity .have never been sacred character. It has set the will fully realized-just as the ideals of ability to God as a practical considera­ tion in the life of man and thus takes and convenience of husband and wife our Declaration of Independence and in the place that Christian thought of our Constitution have never been from him the sense of personal guilt of sin before God. It takes account gives to the Will of God and the good fully realized in American political of society. life. But for that reason these ideals of no law above man-made law. Ex­ can neither be ignored nor discarded. pediency, decency, and propriety are A secularized pseudo-science has popularized practices which violate na­ Without doubt, Christians have often in its code, the norms of human be~ ture itself and rob human procreation failed to meet their responsibilities and havior. It blurs, if it does not blot of its dignity and nobility. Thus, by their transgressions have permitted out, the ennobling and inspiring pic­ selfish pursuit of pleasure is substituted ugly growths to mar the in titutions ture of man which the Christian for salutary self-discipline in family of their culture. But wherever, Gospel paints. In divine revelation, despite their lapse , they have held man is the son of God as well as God's life. steadfastly to their Christian ideals, creature. Holiness is his vocation, and Secularism has completely under­ the way to effective reform and prog­ life's highest values have to do with mined the stability of the family as a ress has been kept open. The remedy things of the soul. ((For what does divine institution and has given our for the shortcomings and sins of it profit a man, if he gain the whole country the greatest divorce problem Christian peoples is surely not to sub­ world, but suffer the loss of his own in the Western world. In taking God stitute secularism for godliness, human soul? Or what will a man give in out of family life, it has deprived vagaries for divine truth, man-made exchange for his soul?" Secularism society's basic educational institution .expedients for a God-given standard of may quote these words of Christ, of its most powerful means in mould­ right and w•ong. This is God's world but never in their full Christian sense. ing the soul of the child. Public au­ and if we are to play a man's part in it, For that very reason secularism blights thority and the press are constantly we must first get down on our kn.:·es the noblest aspirations in man which emphasizing our grave problem of and with humble hearts acknowledge Christianity has implanted and fos­ juvenile delinquency. On all sides is God's place in His world. This, sec­ tered. Unfottunately, many who still heard the cry that something be done ularism does not do. profess to be Christians are touched about the problem. Our profound by this blight. The greatest moral conviction is that nothing much will The Individual catastrophe of our age is the growing ever be done about it unless we go to ecularism, in its impact on the number of Christians who lack a sense the root of the evil and learn the havoc individual, blinds him to his respon­ of sin because personal responsibility that secularism has wrought in the sibility to God. All the rights, all the to God is not a moving force in their family. In vain shall we spend public freedoms of man derive originally lives. They live in God's world, quite monies in vast amounts for educational from the fact that he is a human per­ unmindful of Him as their Creator and recreational activities if we do son, created by God after His own and Redeemer. The vague conscious- not give more thought to the divinely

[ 16] CATHOLIC ACTION ordained stability of the family and instruction and trammg, and to en­ incongruity and still less of indigna­ the sanctity of the home. courage public school administrators tion." God planned the human family and to cooperate with home and church God created man and made him gave it its basic constitution. When in making it possible. The other brother to his fellow man. He gave secularism discards that plan and con­ strikes at the very core of our man the earth and all its resources to stitution it l:1ccratcs the whole social Christian culture and in practice en­ be used and developed for the ood of fabric. Artificial family planning on vi ion men who ha c no en e of their all. Thu , work of whntever sort i the basis of contraceptive immorality, personal and social responsibility to a social function, and personal profit cynical disregard of the noble pur­ God. Secularism breaks with our is not the sole purpose of economic poses of sex, a sixty-fold increase in historical American tradition. When activity. In the Christian tradition, our divorce rate during the past cen­ parents build and maintain schools in the individual has the right to reason­ tury, and widespread failure of the which their children are trained in able compensation for his work, the family to discharge its educational the religion of their fathers, they arc right to acquire private property, and functions arc terrible evils which acting in the full spirit of that tradi­ the right to a reasonable income from secularism has brought to our country. tion. Secularists would invade the productive invested capital. Secular­ What hope is there of any effective rights of parents, and invest the State ism takes God out of economic think­ remedy unless men bring God bacl with supreme powers in the field of ing and thereby minimizes the dignity into family life and respect the law~ education; they refu e to recognize of the human person endowed by God He has made for this fundamental the God-given place that parents have with inalienable rights and made re­ unit of human society? in the education of their children. sponsible to Him for corresponding in­ Education God is an inescapable fact, and one dividual and social duties. Thus, to cannot make a safe plan for life in the detriment of man and society, the In no field of social act1v1ty has disregard of inescapable facts. Our secularism done more harm than in divinely established balance in econo­ youth problems would not be so grave mic relations is lost. education. In our own country sec­ if the place of God in life were em­ ularists have been quick to exploit for In Christian thought the work of phasized in the rearing of children. man is not a commodity to be bought their own purposes the public policy There would be less danger for the adopted a century ago of banning the and sold, and economic enterprise is future of our democratic institutions an important social function in which formal teaching of religion from the if secularism were not so deeply in­ curriculum of our common schools. o ner, manager, and workman co­ trenched in much of our thinl-ing on operate for the common good. \Vhen With a growing number of thought­ education. ful Am ricans, we cc in this policy a disregard of his responsibility to God hasty and shortsighted solution of the The World of Work makes the owner forget his steward­ very difficult educational problem thlt ship and the social function of private confronts public authority in a nation Economic problems loom large in property, there comes that irrational of divided religious allegiance. But the ocial unrest and confusion of our economic individualism which brings it should ever be kept in mind that times. Research students of varying misery to millions. Helpless workers the original proponent of the policy shades of opinion arc seeking the are exploited; cutthroat competition did not intend to minimize the im­ formula for a sound program of and anti-social marketing practices fol­ portance of religion in the training of economic reform. Their common ob­ low. When men in labor organiza- youth. Erroneou ly, however, je tive is a beneficent social order that tions lose the right social perspective, ularists take this policy, adopted as will establish reasonable prosperity, which a sense of responsibility to God a practical expedient in difficult cir­ provide families with an adequate in­ giv s, they are prone to seck merely cumstances, and make it the starting come, and safeguard the public wel­ the victory of their own group, in point in their philosophy of education. fare. The Christian view of social di regard of personal and property They positively exclude God from the order rejects the postulate of inc or­ rights. The Christian view of econo­ school. Among them arc some who able economic la s ·hich fix recurring mic life supports the demand for or­ smile indulgently at the mention of cycles of prosperity and depression. ganization of management, labor, the name of God and express wonder It lays the blame for instability in our agriculture and professions under gov­ that inherited illusions last so long. social structure on human failure ernment encouragement but not con­ Others are content with keeping God rather than on blind and incontrollable trol, in joint effort to avoid social con- clo5cted in the inner chambers of economic forces. It faces the plain flict and to promote cooperation for private life. fact that there is omething gravely the common good. In default of this In the rearing of children and the wrong in our economic life and sees free cooperation, public authority is forming of youth, omission is as ef­ in secularism, with its disregard of :finally invoked to maintain a mea ure fective as positive statement. A God and God's law, a potent factor in of economic order, but it frequently philosophy of education which omits creating the moral atmosphere which exceeds the just limits of its power to God, necessarily draws a plan of life has favored the growth of thi evil. direct economic activity to the com­ in which God either has no place or Pointedly, indeed, has an eminent mon good. In the extreme case, where is a strictly private concern of men. modern economist called attention to Marxian Communism takes over gov­ There is a great difference between a the fact that "in one hundred and ernment, it abolishes private ownership practical arrangement which lea es fifty years economic laws were de­ and sets up a totalitarian state capital­ the formal teaching of religion to the veloped and postulated as iron neces­ ism, which is even more intolerable family and to the Church, and the sities in a world apart from Christian than the grave evils it pretends to educational theory of the seculari t, obligation and sentiment." He adds: cure. Surely it ought to be plain who advisedly and avowedly excludes "The early nineteenth century was today that there is no remedy for our religion from his program of educa­ full of economic doctrine and pr:tc­ economic evils in a return either to tion. The :first, reluctantly tolerated tice which, grounded in its own neces­ nineteenth century individualism or under certain conditions as a practical sity and immutability, crossed the to experiments in Marxianism. If we measure of public policy, may actually dictates of Christian feeling and abandon secularism and do our eco­ serve to emphasize the need of religious teaching with only a limited sense of nomic thinking in the light of Chris-

December, 1947 [ 17 J tian truth, we can hopefully work for force which, through violence and valid promise of better things for our economic collaboration in the spirit of chicanery, is obstructing the establish­ country, or for the world. During genuine democracy. Let us be on our ment of a right juridical order in the our own lives it has been the bridge guard against all who, in exiling God int rnational comm~.tnity. That is between a decaying devotion to from the factory and the market­ plain for all to see, But thoughtful Christian culture and the revolution­ place, de troy the solid foundation cf men per civ a well that cculnrism, ary for which h vc brought on brotherhood in ownership, in manage- which over the years has sapped the what is perhaps the gravest cri is in ment, and in work. divinely-laid foundations of the moral all history. The tragic evil is not law, bears a heavy burden of respon­ that our Christian culture is no longer The International Community sibility for the plight of the world capable of producing peace and rea­ In the international community today. sonable prosperity, but that we are al­ there can be only one real bond of Secularism which exiles God from lowing secularism to divorce Christian sane common action-the natural law human life clears the way for the truth from life. The fact of God and which calls to God, its Author, and acceptance of godless subversive the fact of the responsibility of men derives from Him its sanctions. There ideologies-just as religion, which and nations to God for their actions is objective right and objective wrorrg keeps God in human life, has been the are supreme realities, calling insistent­ in international life. It is true that one outstanding opponent of total­ ly for recognition in a truly realistic positive human law which comes from itarian tyranny. Religion has been ordering of life in the individual, in treaties and international conventions its :first victim; for tyrants persecute the family, in the school, in economic is necessary, but even these covenants what they fear. Thus secularism, as activity, and in the international com­ must be in accord with God-given na­ the solvent of practical religious in­ munity. tural law. What may seem to be fluence in the everyday life of men Signed by the members of the Ad­ expedient for a nation cannot be and nations, is not indeed the most ministrative Board, N.C.W.C. in the tolerated if it contravenes God's law patent, but in a very true sense the names of the Bishops of the United of right and wrong. In the interna­ most insidious hindrance to world re­ States: tional community that law has been construction within the strong frame­ flouted more openly, more widely, and work of God's natural law. There ~ DENNIS CARDINAL DOUGHERTY, more disastrously in our day than ever wo11ld be more hope for a just and Archbishop of Philadelphia. before in the Christian centuries. lasting peace if the leaders of the na­ ~ EDwARD CARDINAL MooNEY, Shocking crimes against weak nations tions were really convinced that Archbishop of Detroit. are being perpetrated in the name of secularism which disregards God, as ~ SAMUEL CARDINAL STRITCH, national security. Millions of men in well as militant atheism which utter­ Archbishop of Chicago. many nations are in the thralldom of ly denies Him, offer no sound basis ~FRANCIS CARDINAL SPELLMAN, political slavery. Religion is per­ for stable international agreements, Archbishop of New York. secuted because it stands for freedom for enduring respect for human rights, ~JoHN T. McNicHOLAS, O.P., under God. The most fundamental or for freedom under law. Archbishop of Cincinnati. human rights are violated with utter In the dark days ahead we dare not ~ROBERT E. LUCEY, ruthlessness in a calculated, systematic follow the secularist philosophy. We Archbishop of San Antonio. degradation of man by blind and must be true to our historic Christian ~RicHARD J. CusHING, despotic leaders. Details of the sad culture. If all who believe in God Archbishop of Boston. and sickening story seep through the would make that belief practical in ~ JOSEPH E. RITTER, wall of censorship which encloses their workaday lives, if they would see Archbishop of St. Louis. police States. Men long for peace and to it that their children are definitely ~jAMES H. RYAN, order, but the world stands on the imbued with that belief and trained Archbishop of Omaha. brink of chaos. It is significant that in the observance of God's way of life, ~ ]OHN MARK GANNON, godless forces have brought it there. if they would look across the real dif­ Bishop of Erie. Nazism and Fascism and Japanese ferences which unfortunately divide ~joHN F. NoLL, militarism lie buried in the debris of them, to the common danger that Bishop of Fort Wayne. some of the fairest cities of the world threatens, if they would steadfastly ~ EMMET M. WALSH, they vowed to rule or to ruin. A thei­ refuse to let a common enemy capital­ Bishop of Charleston. stic Communism, for a time thrown ize on those differences to the detri­ ~ KARL J. ALTER, into alliance with democratic nations ment of social unity, we might begin Bishop of Toledo. through Nazi aggression against to see a way out of the chaos that ~MICHAEL J. READY, Russia, stands out plainly today as the impends. Secularism holds out no Bishop of Columbus.

CALENDAR OF SCHEDULED CATHOLIC MEETINGS AND EVENTS December, 1947 7-8-NATIONAL FEDERATION OF CATHOLIC CoLLEGE STUDENTs-Tri-regional convention, Milwaukee, Wis. 8-10--CATHOLIC CoNFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS-regional conference, Manchester, N. H. 29-30-AMERICAN CATHOLIC PHILosoPHICAL AssociATION-22nd annual meeting, St. Louis, Mo. January, 1948 18-25-CHURCH UNITY OcTAVE. 30-31 and Feb. I-AMERICAN CATHOLIC SociOLOGICAL AssociATION-Annual Convention, Cleveland, Ohio. March, 1948 2-4--CATHOLIC CoNFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS-regional conference, Boston, Mass. 8-10-NATIONAL CATHOLIC FAMILY LIFE CoNFERENCE-16th annual convention, Hartford, Conn. 31-April 2-NATIONAL CATHOLIC EDUCATIONAL AssociATION-45th Annual Convention, San Francisco, Calif.

(18 1 CATHOLIC ACTION Index to Catholic Action-Volutne XXIX January-Decemb r, 1947

A hri. tiu11 Mociul li iug, bu ic l>rincipl , B ton, Muy p. U ; on E " ' ' h ud Allr d, V. . : on uthanu in, no legal Jul.v p. . uttu·k•d, Juu p. a. precedent for, .l!'eb. p. 21. Churcb and slate : Newman-the prot­ Human right·, u declaration of, ll'eb. p. 4. ·tant mentality on church· tate rela- n tion ·hip -a tudy, t. p. 4. I Barkhorn, M. G.: on UN commi ion on ,hurch, the r strictive covenant versus Indu trinl r lations in titut s, Aug. p. 17. th' ·tutus of worn n, Mar. p. 15. the, ov. p. 10. International pattern in titut : 3rd an­ Baum i ·ter, E. J.: on th compl te atho­ icognani, A. G. : me~ ag to th national nual meetin,.,. ( .. ~ w ·ork), Aug. p. 12. lic, Apr. p. 9. ongre of the onfraternity of Chris­ International union of ('atboli<' ' omen's B . 11; Graner, C.S .., May p. 9; public education, D c. p. 13. Lea en worth become'. 'ept. p. 12. Kill n, pt. p. 12; Klonow ki, June Kell., M. l\1.: on the .C. '.W ..·outlnvest D regional conferenc • in El Paso, ... ov. p. 13; Marling, July p. 11; McCarty, p. 14. '. '~.R.. May p. 9; l\lcCormick, Feb. Displaced person : and the xpell e in p. 11; i\lcDonnell, Aug. p. 11 ; McDon­ Germany, Jun. p. 4; ...W. re ponsi­ L ough, Apr. p. 11; dcManu , July p. bility, Jan. p. 13; re ·ettlem nt of, ept. 11; Me ulty, 'ept. p. 12; l\Iu 11 r, p. ; re olution placed by international ept. p. 12; Nel on, pt. p. 12; 'ew- union of atholic women' l agu con­ ell, ept. p. 12 ; oa, pt. p. 12 ; gr , Rome 1947, Oct. p. 15. o r, . pt. p. 12; Willing r, Jan. p. 11 ; Wr1ght, Jun p. 13. E - - obituary: Althoff, Aug. p. 11; Cant­ Edu<•ation: an Am rican philo ophy of wll, c.p.2; urly,Jnn p.13; edu ation ?, Jun p. 4; r ligion in pub­ li'itzg raid, Aug. p. 11; McLaughlin, lic, Dec. p. 1 ; report on 2nd annual pr. p. 23; Ryan, D c. p. 2; Magner, conferenc on citizen. hip, June p. July p. 11. -- ee also Catholic education. -- ~ee also National Catholic Welfar Egan, R.: on relief n d abroad, July onferenc . p. 12. Brndy, D.: on an American philo ophy El Paso: outhwe t r gional <>onfer nee of Mahone~·. 1\l. n.: Oil the in ·titute on of ducation. June p. 4. N.C ..\V., pt. p. 19; ov. p. 14. nit d ation , pt. p. 1G. Employment, UN and, Apr. p. 4. 1\Iahoue.v, l\1. d.: on imp! •meuting 'atho­ Brese! te, L. E. : on Roch ter regional lic vrincipl for peace, O{·t. p. 17. <"onf~rence of atholi onference on Europ , 'oviet control of war-weary, Inrlustrial Problems, June p. 11 · on Oct. p. 8. l\1ahou('y, '1'. II. D. : on Is N dying on two Rummer in titut (indu try' nnd Euthanasia, no 1 gal pr c dent for, Feb. its feet'!, ::;t>pt. p. 6. Munni , 1. 1.: town m •ting radio pr • . o~inl action), Aug. p. 17. p. 21. Broaden ter., association of Catholic, F gram vr • · nt · Mr '., Apr. p. lU. nl<'<'t at Forrlhnm, • ept. p. 13. Marriage a a car cr, May p. 11. Family : address of Pins • II to coil g Mnry Imma ulut •, national ~:~hrine to, o Burk<>, .T . .1.: a hi ~Hin~ for unit d ntho­ of nrdinal (,June 2, l!l47), ,July p. b<• ('omplct •d, 1\Iay p. 4. lic Action, l\1nr. p. 5; .June p. 21. 20; award of 15th annual conv ntion, McGowan, H. A. : on the UN and m­ c Catholic family life conference, Apr. ploym nt, Apr. p. 4. p. 17; biflhop discu the (15th na­ McK ough, M. J.: on a challeng to California uphold. r ligiou ducation tional Catholic famil. lif confer n ) , tntute, Jun p. 22. atholi ducntion (Pro., r r olu- Apr. p. 2.2; Mr•. Mannix' r~mark on tion), July p. 4. aribbt>nn ocial week, the fir t, Apr. p. . ''should our public chool ducate for Catholic Action: a ble ing for unit d McKi v r, K.: on relief need abroad, marriage and family relation ?", Apr. Jan. p. 12. (mural), Mar. p. 5j a vital point in p. 1G ; the Church the support of the, (th apostofat of hke to lik ) , Nov. Feb. p. 16. l\Icl\1anu , W. E.: on th upr m court's ]'). 9; cat ch1 . m and, Part I, ,Jan. p. 20; chool bu deci ion, Mnr. p. 9. Fitzg raid, M.: on Catholic readers build Mystical body of hriAt: erie of article Part II, Feb. p. 10; atholic high atholic culture, F b. p. 12. srhool and, ~art I. June p. 6; Part II, by H.ev. harl s A. llart, Jan. through Flynn, R. A. : on di. placed p rsons and pt . •July p. 6; dtge t of addr<- of Pin. XII the exp<-llee in J"Crmany, Jan. p. 4. to men of, of Italy, Oct. p. 1 ; in Fornm Reri 1947-4 : rucial questions N graJ?mar school, Aug. p. 10 ; in the of the day, ~ept. through Dec. National Catholic educational a . ocia­ pansh, July p. 10; Kan a ity work­ Forum cries 1946-47: Secularism-Chal­ tion: convene in Bo. ton, lay p. 6. Ahop, .June p. 17 and pp. 1 -20 · needed lenge to hristinns, Jan. through Apr. Nationnl atholic chool of ocial rvic : in the in ter-ra ial field, Mar.' p. 10; July p. 13. our laqy of good coun el, Apr. p. 15; G National ntholic w lfn•· conferenc : a secular1 m- challeng to chri tians: Ganey, H. M. : on U E CO-a summons bl , sing for united \ atholic Action, VII; how the layman can combat it to rvice, Jun JY. 14. Mar. p. 5; administra\ ve board meet Mar. p. 6; eries by R v. harles A: GPi sler, E. . ; on the apo tolate of like April 15 and 16, May p. 9 ; Cardinal Hart, Jan. through Sept.; the complete to like, Nov. p. 9. Von Preysing meet .C.W.O. taff, atholic, Apr. p. 9. GE"rmany: displaced per ons and the ex­ Apr. p. 11; declaration of hum~n right Catholic onference on InduAtrial Prob­ pel1ee in, Jan. p. 4; Is, d erving of drafted by committee appc uted by lemA; Detroit inter-racial meeting, Oct. help?, Mar. p. 4. .C.W.O., Feb. p. 4; digest ,f d part­ p. 3; Roche ter regional, June p. 11; Good Friday-a legal holiday, Apr. p. 3. m ntnl and ep1 copal committee re­ setA up office on rae relations, Aug. Gulovich, S. C. : on Rome, Rus ia and port to the general m ting of the p. 4. r union, Nov. p. 4. bishop (Nov. 12-14), Dec. p. 6; di­ atholic edneation: a challenge to (ProA- r tor of youth department recalled to ~r resolution). Jnly p. 4 ; a tholi<- H Brooklyn diocese, Oct. p. 20; fact Jngh srhool and, Part I, .June p. 6 · Hanna, E. J.: reinterment, June p. 21; about the, p. 2 in all i ue. ; Linna E. Part II, July p. 6; eARential charncte~ • ept. p. 11. Bresett honor d by Holy Father, July of. Aug. p. 6; n w road. for the t<'acher, Hart, C. A.: erie of articl on Catholic p. 11 and p. 14; model for atholic .July p. . Action, Jnn. through ept. Church organization in hina, fay atholic press: Archbishop 1\fnrray's 1947 llewitt, .J. F.: on Prague pm'lt!'lcript, Jan. p. 9; month by month with the, all prNlS month tatement, Feb. p. 23 · p. 6: on the 1st national conference on iAsues; Rev. Philip J. Kenn y tran - Article V in AerieA Aecnlarism- chal: atholic youth work, .June p. 8. ferr d to new post, June p. 13. len~e to christians, .Ton. p. 7; 37th an­ High school, the Catholic, and atholic --see also National council of Catholic nual ronv<>ntion, PA, .Tune p. 10. Action, Part I, June p. 6; Part II, men ction. Catholic rend rs build ntholic culture, .Tuly p. 6. --see al o National council of atholic Feb. p. 12. Hochwalt, F. G.: N.O.E.A. convenes in women ection.

December, 1947 [ 19] --see also Reli f campaign . R on what's the matter with father?, Jan. --see also War relief services-N.O.W.C. Race relations: Detroit inter-racial meet­ p. 16. National council of Catholic men: see ing, Oct. p. 3 ; office on, set up by ocial order : article VIII in series secu­ N.C.O.M. ection in monthly i ue • 'utholic conf renee on indu ·trial prob­ larism-challenge to christians, Apr. National council of Catholic women: see lems, Aug. p. 4; Uatholic Action needed p. 7 ; the fir t Caribbean ocial w N.C.C.W. section in monthly issues. in, Mar. p. 10. (Feb. 3-10, 1947), Apr. p. 6. --see also Institute on UN. Rud10: how to produce religious pro­ Soviet control of war weary Europe, Oct. National federation of Catholic college grams, Jan. J). 17 ; progrum production students: announces national Catholic problems, lfeb. p. 18; schedule of SpPanish speaking: 4th regional meeting student relief campaign, Oct. p. 3; 4th N .C.C.M. programs, see monthly is ues. of the council for the, ept. p. 3. national congress, June p. 10. Reed, G. E.: on religious discrimination Stafford, J. W.: on our lady of good N i 11111 stu nt a o iation: Nov. p. 11. in veterans' ducation, ept. p. 10; on coun el, Apr. p. 15. w ,J 'r.· y ( t t ') : n w on ti u ion th di . ntiu' pini u in the N w J r· Stat and church; Newman-the prot- approved, Dec. p. 3. s y chool bu cu'e, M y p .. t nt n lity on bur b· tut r 1 -- e also ·hool bus act. R lief: n us abroad, July . 12. tionship -a study, Oct. p. 4. • vu1uu: th pr t luut m utulity n Ht•lit·f cutuvuigu : Lu •tar • mulay (Bish­ tr pr aching in titute for pri ts, 3rd •hurch-, tal relation hit> - u 1:1tudy, op. ') •ull ·tion, M' b. p. 3; uutiunul uu ioll 1, Aug. p. 12. Oct. p. 4. Catholic student, announced, ct. p. tud nt, the nutionul, us ciutlon, ov. Newman club fed ration: 33rd national 3; N.C.. W. clothing, Jan. p. 12; p. 11. convention, Aug. p. 13. l,re ·ident':s food saving cnmpuign, Nov. tudents international, Nov. p. 6. p. 20; "sav tarving childr n," Mar. 0 p. 3; "'fhank giving food collection," T O'Connor, E. M. : on Is Germany deserv­ war r lief services, Nov. p. 20. Tanner, P. F.: on Newman-the prot­ ing of help?, Mar. p. 4. R li f, war : see \Var relief service , estant mentality on church-state rela­ Our lady of good couu •1, Apr. p. 15. N . .'W.'. tionships-a study, Oct. p. 4. H.eligiou in public education, c. p. 13. T •b r, n w road for th , July p. . p Religious lib rty : high court decides Tri- nt ongr · , atholic ( c rand (New Jers y chool bus case) in favor Rapid ) , July p. 16; Aug. p. 20; "ept. rari h, ntholi ction in th!l, July p, 1 . of, pr. p. . p. 14; ct. pp. 12 and l '; Nov. p. 12. Parr, J. 1!".: on the first Caribbean social Religious education tatute, California w k, Apr. p. G. upholds, June p. 22. u P ace : ud~r '1:11:1 of Pius II to colleg of Uouw, Hu~:~Hia and r union, Nov. p. 4. UN: abiding peac , May p. 7; and em­ cardinal (June 2, 1947), July p. 19; Uural life conference given patron uint, ployment, Apr. p. 4; commi ion on article in series Secularism-Challenge Sept. p. 4. tatus of women, Mar. p. 15; institute to Christians, Feb. p. 7; implementing Ru sia, Rome, and reunion, Nov. p. 4. on (N.C.C.W.), ept. p. 16; is, dying Catholic principles for, Oct. p. 17; on its feet?, S pt. p. 6; N.C.C.W. Pius XII's allocution of December 24, s li tens in at, May p. 10; program, Nov. 1946, Jan. p. 21; report of 19th annual St. Benedict, imitation of the virtues of, p. 16. convention, Catholic a ociation for in­ advocated, May p. 1 . UNE CO : a ummons to s rviee, June ternational peace, May p. 7. chaefer, C.: on N.C.C.W. listens in at p. 14; head attacked, June p. 3. Piepho, J.: on propo d study of statu N, May p. 10. of women, Mar. p. 12. 'cha fer, H.: on 19th annual conv ntion, v Piu XII: addre of Jan. 22, 1947, to atholic as ociation for international Veterans' education, r ligious discrimina­ members of christian rebirth, ept. p. p •ace, May p. 7. tion in, Sept. p. 10. 22 ; address s ILO delegates on social School bus ca e : N w J er ey (dis enting principles, Aug. p. 4 ;_. allocution (Dec. opinion) , May p. 8. w 24, 1946) on p ace, Jan. p. 21 · dige t chool bus law: Apr. p, 1 ; the supreme War relief service -N.C.W.C.: Jan. p. 4; of addreR to men of Italian Catholic court' decision, Mar. p. 9. Msgr. wanstrom become dir ctor, Action, ct. p. 18; discu ses forma­ e ularism : chall nge to chri tians- Aug. p. 11 ; M gr. wan trom honor d tion of world wid r lief organization, 1946-47 series: V. the catholic pre s, by Holy Father, Oct. p. 20. <>pt. p. a ; encyclical 1 tter on t. B ne­ Jan. p. 7; VI, challenge to one world, -- ee also R lief campaign . dict, May p. 1 ; <' "C rpt from broad­ F b. p. 7 ; VII, how the layman can Worn n: propo d tudy of status of, caRt to U. S. childr n opening "save combat it, Mar. p. 6; VIII. social order Mar. p. 12; UN commi ion on the starving children" campaign, Mar. p. in a ·eculariz d world, pr. p. 7. tatu of, Mar. p. 15. 3 ; greets Marian congres (Ottawa, chmiedeler, E. : on 15th national Catho­ Canada), July p. 3 ; on the way to lic family life conf r n e, Apr. p. 22. y true peace ( addres. to college of cardi­ hall charity tak a vacation?, July Youth: addre s of Pin ~ II to coil ge of nals, June 2, 1947), July p. 19. p. 12. ardinnls (June 2, 1947), July p. 20 ; Prngue poRtscript, Jan. p. 6. haw, G. H.: on Catholic Action needed 1st national conferenc on Catholic, Pr Hid nt'. c mmi l' n civil rights, Dec. in th<' int r-rn inl fi •1<1, Mar. p. 10. work, Jun p. ; 4th national congre s p. 3. i t r M. nis': on lh ntholic high of nnlionnl f •d ration atholic coll ge Prie ts, 3rd national . treet preaching in­ chool and atholic Action, Part I, ludenl , Juue p. 0; national con­ Atitute for, Aug. p. 12. June p. 6; Part II, July p. 6. f renee on, work, Apr. p. 11; national J?ro le in p ntifi : Mny p. 13; i t r I. onn : on n w road for the tudent aRsociation, Nov. p. 11; Prague June p. 15; July 11 and 14. t ch r, July p. . p t ript, ,J n. p. 6; tud nt int r· Pur ell, B.: on Kan as City Catholic mith, W. . : on production of religiou national, ov. p. ; two curr nt llup­ Adion work h p plan, .Tun p. 17. radio program., Jan. p. 17; Feb. p. 1 ; P ning, in the field of, May p, 4.

CATHOLIC ACTION-MoNTHLY PuBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE CONFERENCE "Wr hav grouprd /ogrthrr, tmdtr the National Cflth ch irman of th Pr s D p rtm nti MosT R v. Ron .RT E. LucnY, olic Welfare Conference, the various agencies by which Archbi hop of an Antonio, pi opal ch. irman of th D part· the cause of rdigion is furthered. Each of these, con- mcnt of Lay Organizations; and MosT REV. KARL J. ALTER, tinuing it OWIJ sju:cial work i1J its cho l'n fitlJ, wlll now Bi hop of Toledo, epi copal chairman of the D partment of Jerive aJJiticmal support tbrough general cooperatJon." ocial Action. -From the 1919 Pastoral Letter of the Archbishops and Bishop of the U. S. RIGHT REV. M GR. HOWARD J. CARROLL, S.T.D. General Secretary N.C.W.C. ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD REv. PAUL F. TANNER Mo · REv. JoHN T. McNx HOLAS, Archbi hop of Cincinnati, Assistant General Secretary chairm. l of the Administrative Board and cpi copal chair­ man of the Executive Department; MoT REv. RtCHARO J. Cu HING, Archbishop of Bo ton, vice chairman of the Adminis­ REv. PAUL F. TANNER trative Board and pi opal ch irman of the Youth D partment; Editor MosT REv. JoHN F. NoLL, Bishop of Fort Wayne, secretary of the Administrative Board; MosT REv. JoHN MARK. GANNON, EDITH H. }ARBOE Bishop of Eric, treasurer of the Administrative Board; MosT REV. Assistant Editor EMMET M. WALSH, Bishop of Charleston, episcopal chairman of the Legal Department; MosT REv. JosEPH E. RITTER, Arch­ Opinions expressed in articles published in this maga­ bishop of St. Louis, episcopal chairman of the Department of zine are to be regarded as those of the respective con­ Catholic Action Study; MosT REv. JAMES H. RYAN, Archbishop tributors. They do not necessarily carry with tbem the of Omaha, episcopal chairman of the Department of Education; formal approval of the Administrative Board, National MosT REv. MICHAEL J. READY, Bishop of Columbus, episcopal Catholic Welfare Conference.

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