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Molecular Phylogeny, Divergence Times and Biogeography of Spiders of the Subfamily Euophryinae (Araneae: Salticidae) ⇑ Jun-Xia Zhang A, , Wayne P
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68 (2013) 81–92 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molec ular Phylo genetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny, divergence times and biogeography of spiders of the subfamily Euophryinae (Araneae: Salticidae) ⇑ Jun-Xia Zhang a, , Wayne P. Maddison a,b a Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 b Department of Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 article info abstract Article history: We investigate phylogenetic relationships of the jumping spider subfamily Euophryinae, diverse in spe- Received 10 August 2012 cies and genera in both the Old World and New World. DNA sequence data of four gene regions (nuclear: Revised 17 February 2013 28S, Actin 5C; mitochondrial: 16S-ND1, COI) were collected from 263 jumping spider species. The molec- Accepted 13 March 2013 ular phylogeny obtained by Bayesian, likelihood and parsimony methods strongly supports the mono- Available online 28 March 2013 phyly of a Euophryinae re-delimited to include 85 genera. Diolenius and its relatives are shown to be euophryines. Euophryines from different continental regions generally form separate clades on the phy- Keywords: logeny, with few cases of mixture. Known fossils of jumping spiders were used to calibrate a divergence Phylogeny time analysis, which suggests most divergences of euophryines were after the Eocene. Given the diver- Temporal divergence Biogeography gence times, several intercontinental dispersal event sare required to explain the distribution of euophry- Intercontinental dispersal ines. Early transitions of continental distribution between the Old and New World may have been Euophryinae facilitated by the Antarctic land bridge, which euophryines may have been uniquely able to exploit Diolenius because of their apparent cold tolerance. -
Rainfall and Parasitic Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea
Agricultural and Forest Entomology (2000) 2, 39±47 Rainfall and parasitic wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) activity in successional forest stages at Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama, and La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica B. A. Shapiro1 and J. Pickering Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2602, U.S.A. Abstract 1 In 1997, we ran two Malaise insect traps in each of four stands of wet forest in Costa Rica (two old-growth and two 20-year-old stands) and four stands of moist forest in Panama (old-growth, 20, 40 and 120-year-old stands). 2 Wet forest traps caught 2.32 times as many ichneumonoids as moist forest traps. The average catch per old-growth trap was 1.89 times greater than the average catch per second-growth trap. 3 Parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae were caught in higher proportions in the wet forest, while pupal parasitoids were relatively more active in the moist forest. 4 We hypothesize that moisture availability is of key importance in determining parasitoid activity, community composition and trophic interactions. Keywords Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Ichneumonoidea, La Selva, parasitoids, precipitation, tropical moist forest, tropical wet forest. istics of each parasitoid species and abiotic factors. Seasonal Introduction patterns of insect activity are often correlated with temperature, One of the largest groups of parasitic Hymenoptera is the as processes such as development and diapause are often superfamily Ichneumonoidea, which consists of two families intimately associated with temperature change (Wolda, 1988). (the Ichneumonidae and the Braconidae), 64 subfamilies and an Fink & VoÈlkl (1995) gave several examples of small insects for estimated 100 000 species world-wide (Gauld & Bolton, 1988; which low humidity and high temperature have detrimental Wahl & Sharkey, 1993). -
Alien Dominance of the Parasitoid Wasp Community Along an Elevation Gradient on Hawai’I Island
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2008 Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Paul C. Banko U.S. Geological Survey Marla Schwarzfeld U.S. Geological Survey Melody Euaparadorn U.S. Geological Survey Kevin W. Brinck U.S. Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Peck, Robert W.; Banko, Paul C.; Schwarzfeld, Marla; Euaparadorn, Melody; and Brinck, Kevin W., "Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island" (2008). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 652. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/652 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biol Invasions (2008) 10:1441–1455 DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9218-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck Æ Paul C. Banko Æ Marla Schwarzfeld Æ Melody Euaparadorn Æ Kevin W. Brinck Received: 7 December 2007 / Accepted: 21 January 2008 / Published online: 6 February 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract Through intentional and accidental increased with increasing elevation, with all three introduction, more than 100 species of alien Ichneu- elevations differing significantly from each other. monidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have Nine species purposely introduced to control pest become established in the Hawaiian Islands. -
Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 321-356 ©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; Download Unter
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Entomofauna Jahr/Year: 2007 Band/Volume: 0028 Autor(en)/Author(s): Yefremova Zoya A., Ebrahimi Ebrahim, Yegorenkova Ekaterina Artikel/Article: The Subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae in Iran, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 321-356 ©Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Entomofauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 28, Heft 25: 321-356 ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 30. November 2007 The Subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae in Iran, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Zoya YEFREMOVA, Ebrahim EBRAHIMI & Ekaterina YEGORENKOVA Abstract This paper reflects the current degree of research of Eulophidae and their hosts in Iran. A list of the species from Iran belonging to the subfamilies Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae is presented. In the present work 47 species from 22 genera are recorded from Iran. Two species (Cirrospilus scapus sp. nov. and Aprostocetus persicus sp. nov.) are described as new. A list of 45 host-parasitoid associations in Iran and keys to Iranian species of three genera (Cirrospilus, Diglyphus and Aprostocetus) are included. Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel zeigt den derzeitigen Untersuchungsstand an eulophiden Wespen und ihrer Wirte im Iran. Eine Liste der für den Iran festgestellten Arten der Unterfamilien Eu- lophinae, Entedoninae und Tetrastichinae wird präsentiert. Mit vorliegender Arbeit werden 47 Arten in 22 Gattungen aus dem Iran nachgewiesen. Zwei neue Arten (Cirrospilus sca- pus sp. nov. und Aprostocetus persicus sp. nov.) werden beschrieben. Eine Liste von 45 Wirts- und Parasitoid-Beziehungen im Iran und ein Schlüssel für 3 Gattungen (Cirro- spilus, Diglyphus und Aprostocetus) sind in der Arbeit enthalten. -
Identification Key to the Subfamilies of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)
Identification key to the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) Gavin Broad Dept. of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Notes on the key, February 2011 This key to ichneumonid subfamilies should be regarded as a test version and feedback will be much appreciated (emails to [email protected]). Many of the illustrations are provisional and more characters need to be illustrated, which is a work in progress. Many of the scanning electron micrographs were taken by Sondra Ward for Ian Gauld’s series of volumes on the Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica. Many of the line drawings are by Mike Fitton. I am grateful to Pelle Magnusson for the photographs of Brachycyrtus ornatus and for his suggestion as to where to include this subfamily in the key. Other illustrations are my own work. Morphological terminology mostly follows Fitton et al. (1988). A comprehensively illustrated list of morphological terms employed here is in development. In lateral views, the anterior (head) end of the wasp is to the left and in dorsal or ventral images, the anterior (head) end is uppermost. There are a few exceptions (indicated in figure legends) and these will rectified soon. Identifying ichneumonids Identifying ichneumonids can be a daunting process, with about 2,400 species in Britain and Ireland. These are currently classified into 32 subfamilies (there are a few more extralimitally). Rather few of these subfamilies are reconisable on the basis of simple morphological character states, rather, they tend to be reconisable on combinations of characters that occur convergently and in different permutations across various groups of ichneumonids. -
Species Richness of Neotropical Parasitoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Revisited
TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS TURKUENSIS SARJA - SER. AII OSA - TOM. 274 BIOLOGICA - GEOGRAPHICA - GEOLOGICA SPECIEs RICHNEss OF NEOTrOPICAL PArAsITOID WAsPs (HYMENOPTErA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) REVIsITED by Anu Veijalainen TURUN YLIOPISTO UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Turku 2012 From the Section of Biodiversity and Environmental Science, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland Supervised by Dr Terry L. Erwin National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, USA Dr Ilari E. Sääksjärvi Department of Biology University of Turku, Finland Dr Niklas Wahlberg Department of Biology University of Turku, Finland Unofficially supervised by Dr Gavin R. Broad Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum, UK Reviewed by Dr Andrew Bennett Canadian National Collection of Insects Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada Professor Donald L. J. Quicke Division of Ecology and Evolution Imperial College London, UK Examined by Dr Peter Mayhew Department of Biology University of York, UK ISBN 978-951-29-5195-6 (PRINT) ISBN 978-951-29-5196-3 (PDF) ISSN 0082-6979 Painosalama Oy – Turku, Finland 2012 Contents 3 CONTENTs LIsT OF OrIGINAL PAPErs.....................................................................................4 1. INTrODUCTION.....................................................................................................5 1.1 Obscurity of species diversity and distribution....................................................5 1.2 Large-scale patterns of parasitoid species richness..............................................6 -
Reproductive Strategies in Parasitoid Wasps Author(S): Peter W
Reproductive Strategies in Parasitoid Wasps Author(s): Peter W. Price Source: The American Naturalist, Vol. 107, No. 957 (Sep. - Oct., 1973), pp. 684-693 Published by: The University of Chicago Press for The American Society of Naturalists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2459667 . Accessed: 29/08/2011 15:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press and The American Society of Naturalists are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Naturalist. http://www.jstor.org Vol. 107, No. 957 The American Naturalist September-October 1973 REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN PARASITOID WASPS* PETER W. PRICE Department of Entomology,University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Two closely related approaches to the study of reproductivestrategies have been pursued with success.Differences in timingof reproductiveeffort were explored in attemptingto explain the adaptive nature of differences in life historiesof organismsin the same taxonomicgroup (e.g., Cole 1954; Lewontin 1965; Murdoch 1966a, 1966b; Tinkle 1969; Emlen 1970; Gadgil and Bossert 1970). The other avenue of investigationhas concentratedon numbers of progeny produced, particularly clutch size (e.g., Lack 1954; Cody 1966). The latter approach appears to be the more rewarding in relationto an insect taxon where femalesusually ovipositsoon after emer- genceor as soon as hostsbecome available and in whichare containedspecies showingextremes in total fecuundity. -
Three Interesting Spiders of the Families Filistatidae, Clubionidae and Salticidae (Araneae) from Palau
Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 37(4), pp. 185–194, December 22, 2011 Three Interesting Spiders of the Families Filistatidae, Clubionidae and Salticidae (Araneae) from Palau Hirotsugu Ono Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1, Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305–0005 Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 29 August 2011; accepted 28 September 2011) Abstract Three interesting spiders from the Republic of Palau are reported. Filistata fuscata Nakatsudi, 1943 (Filistatidae), is taxonomically revised and redescribed with topotypical speci- mens newly obtained. Nakatsudi is regarded as the only author of the name, contrary to the hither- to treatments in the catalogues as Kishida, 1943 or Kishida in Nakatsudi, 1943. Filistata fuscata Kishida, 1947, validated on the basis of Kishida (1947) as its original description is regarded as a junior homonym and synonym of Filistata fuscata Nakatsudi, 1943. After a careful assessment of characteristics, the species is transferred from the original genus into Tricalamus Wang, 1987, and a new combination Tricalamus fuscatus is proposed. Two new species of the genera Clubiona La- treille, 1804 (Clubionidae) and Athamas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 (Salticidae), are described from Koror Island of Palau under the names, Clubiona jaegeri sp. nov. and Athamas proszynskii sp. nov., respectively. Key words : Taxonomy, Araneae, Filistatidae, Clubionidae, Salticidae, Palau. In the course of research project on the biodi- The abbreviations used are as follows: ALE, versity inventory in western Pacific regions made anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; by the National Museum of Nature and Science, ap, in the apical part; PLE, posterior lateral eye; Tokyo, the author visited the Republic of Palau PME, posterior median eye. -
Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024
Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 ©Anthony Sun June 2021 (Mid-term version) Prepared by WWF-Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 Page | 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Regional and Global Context ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Local Biodiversity and Wise Use ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Geology and Geological History ................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Climate ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Climate Change Impacts ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.7 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................................ -
Hym., Ichneumonidae, Cremastinae) in Iran
Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2020) 44: 355-374 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1912-42 A faunistic overview of Temelucha Förster (Hym., Ichneumonidae, Cremastinae) in Iran 1 1, 1 2 Maryam ZARDOUEI HEYDARI , Ehsan RAKHSHANI *, Azizollah MOKHTARI , Martin SCHWARZ 1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran 2 Eben 21, A–4202 Kirchschlag, Austria Received: 23.12.2019 Accepted/Published Online: 20.05.2020 Final Version: 13.07.2020 Abstract: Species of the genus Temelucha Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cremastinae) in Iran are taxonomically overviewed. Sampling was done using Malaise traps and sweeping nets in natural grasslands, forests, orchards and field crops during 2013–2017. Fifteen species are recorded and reviewed, among them 5 species Temelucha albipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838), T. flavia Vas, 2016, T.ophthalmica (Holmgren, 1860), T. pseudocaudata Kolarov, 1982, and T. variipes (Szépligeti, 1899) are new records for the fauna of Iran. T. convergence Zardouei & Rakhshani sp. nov. is described and illustrated. A key to the known species is generated. For all species, brief illustrated diagnoses are also provided. Key words: Diagnosis, key, new record, parasitoids, taxonomy 1. Introduction Species of the genus Temelucha in Iran have been The subfamily Cremastinae Förster, 1869 consist of about investigated by various authors (Masnadi-Yazdinejad and 828 described species within 35 genera, worldwide (Yu et al., Jussila, 2009; Kishani Farahani et al., 2010; Barahoei et al., 2016) and is a moderately species-rich group in the family 2014; Mohammadi-Khoramabadi et al., 2016a, 2016b, Riedel Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). -
Section IV – Guideline for the Texas Priority Species List
Section IV – Guideline for the Texas Priority Species List Associated Tables The Texas Priority Species List……………..733 Introduction For many years the management and conservation of wildlife species has focused on the individual animal or population of interest. Many times, directing research and conservation plans toward individual species also benefits incidental species; sometimes entire ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are times when highly focused research and conservation of particular species can also harm peripheral species and their habitats. Management that is focused on entire habitats or communities would decrease the possibility of harming those incidental species or their habitats. A holistic management approach would potentially allow species within a community to take care of themselves (Savory 1988); however, the study of particular species of concern is still necessary due to the smaller scale at which individuals are studied. Until we understand all of the parts that make up the whole can we then focus more on the habitat management approach to conservation. Species Conservation In terms of species diversity, Texas is considered the second most diverse state in the Union. Texas has the highest number of bird and reptile taxon and is second in number of plants and mammals in the United States (NatureServe 2002). There have been over 600 species of bird that have been identified within the borders of Texas and 184 known species of mammal, including marine species that inhabit Texas’ coastal waters (Schmidly 2004). It is estimated that approximately 29,000 species of insect in Texas take up residence in every conceivable habitat, including rocky outcroppings, pitcher plant bogs, and on individual species of plants (Riley in publication). -
Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt
Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental Myrna G. Ballentes :: Alma B. Mohagan :: Victor P. Gapud Maria Catherine P. Espallardo :: Myrna O. Zarcilla Arthropod Faunal Diversity and Relevant Interrelationships of Critical Resources in Mt. Malindang, Misamis Occidental Myrna G. Ballentes, Alma B. Mohagan, Victor P. Gapud Maria Catherine P. Espallardo, Myrna O. Zarcilla Biodiversity Research Programme (BRP) for Development in Mindanao: Focus on Mt. Malindang and Environs The Biodiversity Research Programme (BRP) for Development in Mindanao is a collaborative research programme on biodiversity management and conservation jointly undertaken by Filipino and Dutch researchers in Mt. Malindang and its environs, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. It is committed to undertake and promote participatory and interdisciplinary research that will promote sustainable use of biological resources, and effective decision-making on biodiversity conservation to improve livelihood and cultural opportunities. BRP aims to make biodiversity research more responsive to real-life problems and development needs of the local communities, by introducing a new mode of knowledge generation for biodiversity management and conservation, and to strengthen capacity for biodiversity research and decision-making by empowering the local research partners and other local stakeholders. Philippine Copyright 2006 by Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) Biodiversity Research Programme for Development in Mindanao: Focus on Mt. Malindang and Environs ISBN 971-560-125-1 Wildlife Gratuitous Permit No. 2005-01 for the collection of wild faunal specimens for taxonomic purposes, issued by DENR-Region X, Cagayan de Oro City on 4 January 2005. Any views presented in this publication are solely of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of SEARCA, SEAMEO, or any of the member governments of SEAMEO.