The Encyclopedia of Quantavolution And
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A Written lower case as 'a, 'A' is first letter of English alphabet, also Greek (Alpha) and Hebrew (Aleph); originally in English as in Latin and Romanic tongues it is the sign for making the lowbackwide sound with jaws, pharynx, and lips open. Its prime position indicates importance of the sound, which has several meanings as an exclamation of wonder, approval, and worship. Ancient name of the Moon in several Near East cultures was "A" or kindred sounds and syllables, "Aa", "Ah", "Ai". "A" to Babylonians signified the Great Mother of the wise and "Akshara." Greek myth regarded "A" as the beginning of birth and creation, the entrance to the river Styx that wound about in the womb of the world, finally returning to Alpha. Aku, the Sumerian Moon, was also "the Measurer." The name "Abram" or "Abraham" might have originated as a combining of the Moon (Ab), Sun (ra) and Mercury (ram or raham). The letter has other uses as a word, as an indefinite article ("a bird"), in Latin languages, as an article and also as a preposition ("to" and "by")and feminine ending ("femina"); pragmatic uses as a vowel and word and exclamation in communication are thus known; ultimate significance is unknown, as, e.g., whether all languages must utter the full Asound in a certain range of frequencies or whether the sound preponderates in sacred utterance, etc. aa Form of lava which solidifies as a mass of blocklike fragments with a rough surface. Also called block lava. Aar Gorge A 1.6 kmlong cut through a limestone ridge near Meiringen, Switzerland, carrying the torrent of the Aar River that arises from the Aar Glacier. The parent mountain is Finsteraarhorn, highest peak of the Bernese Alps. Walls of the cut reach 50 meters, while its width is as narrow as one meter at its foot. The gorge derives an age of 10k (c) from the end of the Ice Age. Granted a constant flow, hence a slow startup until the definitive cut is made, the extent of ablation appears excessive. Alternatively, (q) the cut occurs originally as a fracture inviting the flood; or the initial torrent was exponentially greater, therefore able soon to initiate the cut. The famous theorist of the Ice Ages, Agassiz, built a hut by the Aar glacier to observe its behavior, engendering public curiousity and accelerating its popularity. Aaron's rod A staff of magical properties carried by Aaron in Bible and legend as High Priest of the Hebrews in Egypt and the Wanderings. A rod was used upon the command of Moses to perform miracles when challenged by the Pharaoh. The rods of the Egyptian magicianscientists were outdone. Both Moses and Aaron educed serpents from rods and the principal rod ended up on the Ark as the Rod of Aaron. It was said there to have produced overnight buds, blossoms and almonds. Treated as miracles by some, magic by others, literary devices by still others, the essentials of a queerly behaving rod, whether handheld or positioned, may be owing to static electric properties, given a charge collector and/or (q) charged atmosphere. The magical rod is particularly a property of the Greek God Hermes, but is also found in many magical and authoritative settings elsewhere. Aaron Biblical personage of Exodus, cbrother of Moses and Miriam. High priest and ancestor of subsequent high priesthood of Judaism. More likely he is halfbrother of Moses through their father, or cousins by an uncle, with his mother as Moses' guardian wetnurse. He is closest to him of all men saving Joshua, the warrior. Origin of his name may be homologous with that of the Ark, a box or chest; Aaron was custodian of the Ark, the sacred container, upon which Yahweh appeared and spoke. The root of ('aron) refers also to a gatheringin, a collector, which relates therefore to a function as well as the chest. The analogy of collector permits the application of both the person and his function to the Ark as an electrical charge collector or Leyden Jar. When Moses was assigned his divine mission to demand of the Pharaoh the release of the Hebrew People, Aaron went with him as a laboratory assistant for his magical demonstrations and as an eloquent spokesman to assist the apparently stuttering or incoherent Moses. For the rest of his life, Aaron was the inseparable and docile companion of Moses, holding the rank of HIgh Priest; his temporary complaisance during the rebellion of the worshippers of the Golden Calf was forgiven. abacus At first the term abacus refers to a sand covered table upon which figures were inscribed using a stylus. There is a suspicion that the abacus had a semitic origin. A cuneiform sign among the ruins at Nippur(Shid») resembles its form (a calculating table). The abacus developed into a form utilizing small discs or counters to indicate numbers. The counters were arranged loosely along lines or placed in grooves. There is evidence that short Bamboo rods were used in China (»1925), rather than a nut or an inorganic counterpiece, in early use of this method in its Oriental form. The Japanese, too, used chikusaku» placed on a board for their computations. A later abacus, still in use in Russia, Japan, China, and Arabia, has movable balls or discs mounted on rods. The abacus is likely to have originated because the original numerals, principly alphabetic letters, were unsuited to computation. These numerals were principly suited to the reporting of quantity. A counting device thus was needed. The Roman numerals are the most familiar example. Here the letters I, V, X, L, C, D, and M stand for quantities between the unit and one thousand. Some Greek and Hebrew letters were similarly assigned a numeric equivalent to report totals. The abacus came into common use as a calculator in many countries: Armenia, Babylonia, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, Korea, Latium, Poland, Russia, Turkey, and elsewhere in W Europe. Modern arithmetic notation emerges from its arrangement. In the (q) context counting devices seemingly appeared during the revolution which followed the last astral cataclysm. In this period the notion of private property emerged along with the patriarchical system of inheritance, accompanied by the masculinization of the pantheon of deities. abdomen: -- Region of the body furthest from the mouth. In insects <http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/uniramia/uniramiasy.html>, the third body region behind the head and thorax. Abdul Rauf, M. Author of works on Arabia, including of the Black Stone of Mecca (diam=30 cm), now encased in silver and embedded in a corner of the Kaaba. Moslems believe the stone, which is meteoric in origin, to be the only remainder of the House of God of Abraham and Ishmael and to be associated with Archangel Gabriel, hence planetgod Venus. Abell-35 nebula A large nebula of low surface brightness, possibly a binary. It lacks a central blue star. Parabolic emissions of gas centers on a 9th magnitude star. The nebular glow (seen at a "forbidden" oxygen energy) indicates a diffuse plenum of gas. The glow is brightest where the oxygen changes its ionization state. No shock front is observable at its edge. In the red light of hydrogen two parallel luminous jets are seen. If a planetary, the nebulas diameter of 5.2ly is one of the largest. Abell35 is estimated to be nearly 1200ly distant. A planetary nebula is driven in the (c) view by "hidden" light (ultraviolet, Xray, etc.) emanating from a very hot central star which does not emit much visible light. A (q) alternative is that the nebula represents a stellar discharge originating or impinging upon the region. The form of the nebulous glow depends upon the nature of the gases present and their state (density) as well as upon the discharge current. Abell, George D. Astronomer, whose (Exploration of the Universe) has been an influential textbook, more open than most to new theories. aberrational Earth forces Forces producing erratic Earth motions deviating from strictly gravitational expectations. Several instances are: solarplanetary conjunctions involving unusual electrialgravitational attractionrepulsions such as the "Jupiter Effect;" annual and diurnal periods owing to variations in atmospheric pressures especially on midwinter midnights and summer noons; the halfmonth lunar period of 14.8 days; the elevenyear period of sunspot occurrences bringing heavy atmospheric effects of wind, rain, earthquakes, volcanism, etc.; the 19y (18.6y) nutation period involving variations in lunar precession in relation to the Earth's plane of the ecliptic; varying ice cap pressures incident to increased or decreased ice caps; yet unknown periodicities that are anniversaries or residues of ancient quantavolutions, i.e. residue forces presumably tailing off with time, such as polar axis drift, adjusting equatorial bulge, continental drift, and orogenic settling by isostatic equilibration and the cooling of upper mantle. Abery, Jill Contemporary English quantavolutionist, biologist, who has produced a large number of analytic notes of current relevant scientific investigations. Published regularly in the SISR and SISW. abiogenesis The concept of life originating from nonliving matter. Spontaneous generation was the older concept, and included ideas about vermin coming from manure, etc., but Pasteur and others showed that life could not be so produced before our eyes. Hence interest turned to means of producing ever more complicated organic molecules in the hope of finally bringing forth selfreplicating genetically fixed organisms. This is hardly believed possible today but is thought to have been the natural means under primordial conditions. Cyril Ponnamperuna (1983) found all five of the chemical bases of human genes (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil) in a meteorite and has synthesized all five in a single laboratory experiment, indicating the possibility of their combining naturally.