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Geology of Amund Ringnes, Cornwall, and Haig-Thomas Islands, District of Franklin

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Geology of Amund Ringnes, Cornwall, and Haig-Thomas Islands, District of Franklin MEMOIR 390 GEOLOGY OF AMUND RINGNES, CORNWALL, AND HAIG-THOMAS ISLANDS, DISTRICT OF FRANKLIN H.R. BALK WILL 1983 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1983 Available in Canada through authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores or by mail from Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Services Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OS9 and from Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth Street Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OE8 A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada Cat. No. M46-390E Canada: $10.00 ISBN 0-660-10855-0 Other countries: $12.00 Price subject to change without notice Authors Address Petro Canada 407 - 2 St. S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3E3 Scientific Editor E.R.W. Neale Critical Readers D.G. Cook F.G. Young Editor Primrose Ketchum Artwork Cartography Section, ISPG Ms received November 1976 Approved for publication September 1979 Preface Preface Sverdrup Basin in the northwestern part of the Le bassin Sverdrup, occupant la partie nord-ouest de 2 2 Canadian Arctic Archipelago encompasses 310 000 km , l'Archipel arctique canadien, englobe 310 000 km dont plus more than half of which is covered by water. There has de la moitie repose sous Jes eaux. Un mouvement de been intermittent subsidence in the area since early subsidence intermittent s'y poursuit depuis le debut du Carboniferous time and at its centre the basin is more Carbonifere et le bassin Cltteint, en sa partie centrale, une than 9000 m thick. It is filled mainly with sandstone epaisseur de 9000 m. Constitue surtout de gres et de schiste and shale but in its basal part includes some carbonates argileux, la partie basale, par contre, renferme egalement and evaporites. Exploration for hydrocarbons, des carbonates et des evaporites. Les travaux de recherche commenced in 1969, resulted in the discovery of major des hydrocarbures, entrepris en 1969, ont mene a la decou­ gas pools on northern Melville Island, King Christian verte d'importants gisements de gaz au sud des lies Melville Island and western ElIef Ringnes Island. Although no et Roi-Christian, et a I'ouest de I'lIe ElIef Ringnes. Bien active oil or natural gas seeps were noted during the qu'aucun suintement actif de petrole ou de gaz naturel n'ait fieldwork on which this report is based, and although ete note au cours des travaux sur le terrain ayant servi a la the only boreholes that have been drilled have been dry, compilation du present rapport, et quoique les trous de the area includes several possible reservoir horizons and sondage effectues se soient averes steriles, la region ren­ continues to attract the interest of exploration ferme neanmoins quelques horizons pouvant contenir des companies. reservoirs et suscite toujours I'interet de societes d'explo­ ration. This report presents surface and subsurface Le present rapport comprend des donnees relatives a la bedrock data and stratigraphic and structural interpre­ surface et au sous-sol de la roche en place ainsi que tations for the very thick succession of Mesozoic rocks I'interpretation stratigraphique et structurale de la presence exposed in the south-central part of Sverdrup Basin and de I'epaisse serie de roches mesozciiques affleurant dans la relates these to a conceptual model for its evolution. partie sud-centrale du bassin Sverdrup; il reussit egalement a Both the data and the new concepts presented will be of relier ces interpretations a un modele conceptuel etabli en assistance to those engaged in assessing Canada's oil vue d'illustrer I'evolution de la serie. Les donnees et les and natural gas resources. Although submitted for nouveaux concepts avances ne peuvent que s'averer utiles aux publication in 1979, production problems have delayed scientifiques charges de I'evaluation des ressources cana­ the release of this report until this year although parts diennes en petrole et en gaz nature!. Bien que le rapport ait were earlier placed on Open File. ete soumis en 1979, des problemes de production ont retarde sa publication jusqu'a maintenant; neanmoins, certaines sections avaient auparavant ete versees au dossier public. R.A. Price R.A. Price Director General Le directeur general de la Ottawa, March 1983 Geological Survey of Canada Ottawa, mars 1983 Commission geologique du Canada CONTENTS Abstract/Resume 3 Introduction 3 Location and access 3 Exploration 3 Geological work 3 Acknowledgments 4 Physical features 4 Physiography 6 Glaciation 7 Pingos 7 Stratigraphy 7 Table of Formations 7 Regional setting 9 Local stratigraphy 9 Mississippian and Pennsylvanian 9 Otto Fiord Formation and other rocks comprising diapirs 13 Lower(?), Middle and Upper Triassic 13 Blind Fiord and Blaa Mountain formations 16 Upper Triassic 16 Heiberg Formation (Lower Member) 16 Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic 16 Background 18 Heiberg Formation (Upper Member) 19 Borden Island Formation 22 Borden Island Formation and Upper Member Heiberg Formation (undivided) 22 Lower and Middle Jurassic 22 Jaeger Formation 25 Lower, Middle, and (?)Upper Jurassic 25 Savik Formation 28 Upper Jurassic 28 Awingak Formation 30 Ringnes Formation 32 Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous 32 Deer Bay Formation (redefinition) 35 Lower Cretaceous 35 Isachsen Formation 39 Christopher Formation 41 Cretaceous and older (radiometric ages) 41 Mafic intrusive rocks 41 Lower and (?)Upper Cretaceous 41 Hassel Formation 43 Upper Cretaceous 43 Kanguk Formation 45 Eureka Sound Formation 47 Tertiary 47 Unnamed Paleocene-Eocene sandstones 47 Quaternary 47 Glacial-fluvial gravel 48 Marine deposits 48 Alluvium 48 Stratigraphic summary ll9 Structural geology ll9 Description of structural elements ll9 Folds 50 Faults 50 Structural geometry of mafic intrusive rocks 52 Amund Ringnes Piercement Complex 52 Gypsum dykes 52 Regional gravity 53 Interpretation 53 Previous concepts 53 Structural-lithic assemblages 53 Upper Paleozoic evaporites 53 Rocks above upper Paleozoic evaporites 53 Rocks below upper Paleozoic evaporites 5ll Evaporite diapirs 5ll Theoretical considerations 5ll Regional and local considerations 56 Lag domes 56 Uplift of Cornwall Arch 57 Tectonic influences on stratigraphic style 57 Basin subsidence 58 Rates of subsidence and sediment type 58 Cornwall Island hinge and related unconformities 59 Mafic intrusions and basin evolution 59 Syndepositional structures 60 Economic geology 60 Coal 60 Uranium 60 Gas and oil 60 Reservoir beds 60 Source beds and organic metamorphism 61 Traps 62 Land use 62 References 68 Appendix. Paleontology Tables 8 1. Well data, Amund Ringnes Island III 2. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis of randomly selected bedrock samples from Amund Ringnes and Cornwall islands 61 3. Engineering characteristics of surface bedrock, Amund Ringnes, Cornwall and Haig-Thomas islands Map in pocket 11l71A; Geology, Amund Ringnes, Cornwall and Haig-Thomas islands, District of Franklin 75 Addendum Figures 2 1. Geological provinces, Queen Elizabeth Islands and environs, Canadian Arctic Archipelago 4 2. Physiographic divisions and glaciation features, Amund Ringnes, Cornwall and Haig-Thomas islands 5 3. View westward across lowland plain, southern Amund Ringnes Island near Cape Ludwig in pocket 4. Diagrammatic structure sections A-B, C-D, E-F, G-H, and I-J to accompany Map 1471A, Amund Ringnes, Cornwall and Haig-Thomas islands 10 5. Approximate locations of Mesozoic type sections or reference localities for formations referred to in text, Sverdrup Basin 11 6a. Vertical air photograph showing Savik, Ringnes, and Deer Bay formations, crossed by gypsum dyke, and by mafic dykes and intrusive sheets, near southern margin of Amund Ringnes Piercement Dome 11 6b. Gypsum dyke and hard pelitic hornfels (Ringnes Formation) 12 7. Lower Pennsylvanian Iithofacies, Sverdrup Basin in pocket 8. Surface stratigraphic sections and well logs, Amund Ringnes and Cornwall islands 15 9. Lithology, gamma ray and sonic curves, Sun Gulf Global Linckens Island P-46 well between 4700 and 5500 feet 17 10. Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic nomenclature, eastern and south-central Sverdrup Basin 20 11. Stratigraphic relationships, Heiberg, Borden Island, Jaeger and Savik formations, southwestern Cornwall Island 20 12. View northeastward of the Upper Member of the Heiberg Formation and Jaeger Formation at Jaeger River, Cornwall Island 21 13. Revised (I980) geological map, Jaeger River area, eastern Cornwall Island 23 14. Nomenclature of Toarcian to Valanginian rocks, central and eastern Sverdrup Basin 26 15. Vertical air photograph of Ringnes Formation type section, central Amund Ringnes Island 27 16. Approximate mean accumulation rates for Mesozoic rock units, central Amund Ringnes Island 29 17. View northeastward of lower and middle parts of the Awingak Formation at Cape Ludwig, southern Amund Ringnes Island 30 18. Awingak Formation (Oxfordian - Lower Volgian) sandstone distribution and interpreted progradation directions, Sverdrup Basin 37 19. Upper part of Isachsen Formation and contact with the lower part of the Christopher Formation at Stratigrapher River, northeastern Amund Ringnes Island 38 20. Suggested facies/time relationships, Isachsen and Christopher formations 42 21. Brecciated, partly vesicular basalt flow breccia, middle part of Hassel Formation, northern Amund Ringnes Island 44 22. History of Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic nomenclature, Strand Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island 51 23. Principal structural elements, central Cornwall Island 52 24. Bouguer anomaly map, Amund Ringnes, Cornwall and Haig-Thomas islands 55 25. Conceptual evolution of evaporite
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