Hausa People in Ghana

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hausa People in Ghana DAY 11 HAUSA PEOPLE IN GHANA Isa 11:1-3, NET (This story is intended to illustrate the lifestyle of A shoot will grow out this people group.) of Jesse’s root stock, a bud will sprout from his ssibi lifted her head roots. The Lord’s spirit A and noticed the will rest on him—a spirit Hausa children dust covering her hands from today’s work. She that gives extraordinary glances at her children, wisdom, a spirit that not much younger in age than she is. Assibi rises to provides the ability to her feet, one hand on her achy back from the long execute plans, a spirit that day. That day she had cared for her children and sold produces absolute loyalty textiles at the market. The house was now in order, to the Lord. He will take and dinner was ready when her husband came home. delight in obeying the She wonders if her children will repeat this difficult Lord. He will not judge cycle. She questions if her sons will be ashamed to be by mere appearances, or Hausa, or if her daughters will be married young like make decisions on the she was. basis of hearsay. It has been 500 years since her people first settled Pray that the Hausa people in Ghana, and many do not consider Hausas to will soon recognize and obey be Ghanaians. During the 15th century, Hausa their Savior, Jesus Christ. tradesmen migrated to Ghana from “Hausaland,” overlapping Nigeria and Niger. Eventually establishing lives in Ghana, they married local women and held on to their culture and beliefs. According to the Joshua Project, 100 percent of the Hausa people are Muslim, though many believe in traditional rituals. Pray that the Hausa may find their true identity in Christ. Pray that women and girls will receive education, equality, and dignity. Ask the Holy Spirit to start a church planting movement among the Hausa peoples.—Bianca Ontiveros, guest writer 60 DAY CHAKALI PEOPLE OF GHANA 12 hy is Chakali still spoken?” asks a linguist in Isa 51:6, NIV an online article. Only 8,400 people speak this“W dying language. The Joshua Project tells us that Lift up your eyes to the they live in only seven villages in northwestern Ghana. heavens, look at the earth beneath; the heavens Except for speaking a language that might not survive the 21st century, the Chakali are much like other will vanish like smoke, people groups in this region. They are subsistence the earth will wear out farmers who also raise cattle. Their main crop is yams, like a garment and its which they often present as a gift to outsiders. inhabitants die like flies. But my salvation will last Though the Chakali people have always held to forever, my righteousness traditional animistic religion, they have a lot of will never fail. contact with the nearby Muslim Wali people. In the past 20 years, many Chakali people have embraced Pray that the Chakali Islam because of the influence of this Wali people people of West Africa will group. The Chakali people have a man from the Wali understand that what people as their chief, and they might be speaking the matters is His eternal Wali language in another 100 years. salvation. Pray that they There are few Christian resources in the Chakali will seek and find His language other than Global Recordings Network righteousness in Christ. (GRN) materials. About three percent of the Chakali people are Christian. Pray for the distribution of Chakali recordings throughout Ghana. Pray for a spiritual revival among the Chakali Christians that will give them the willingness to follow Christ with all their hearts and draw others to Him as well. Pray for a church planting movement in northwest- ern Ghana that will affect both the Chakali and Wali speaking peoples.—KC 61 DAY 13 CHALA PEOPLE OF GHANA Deut 9:6, NIV ow many people would there have to be before you would devote 15 years of your Understand, then, that lifeH to translating the Scriptures for them? Would it is not because of your you do that for a people group of only 4,200? Bible righteousness that the translators have to struggle with such questions in Lord your God is giving a country like Ghana where there are small people you this good land to groups. Those producing radio broadcasts, the possess, for you are a stiff- JESUS Film, and gospel recordings would ask the necked people. same questions. Only Global Recordings Network has produced materials in the language of the Chala It is not because unreached people, and you can listen to them online (https:// nations like the Chalas www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHF2rRfAub0). It is a are righteous that God is much simpler and shorter process to produce gospel reaching them, it’s because recordings than a Bible or a full-length movie. of His great love for them. The Chala people have their own traditional religion, Pray that they will realize and converting to one of the major world religions this, and feel humbly like Islam or Christianity is viewed as being like honored as they accept Him joining another tribe. Perhaps for that reason, the as their new King. Chala people are only about five percent Christian, and only about one percent Evangelical. As far as we know there are no Muslims among them. Pray for widespread distribution of gospel recordings in the Chala language. Pray that their hearts will be open to the great Name of Jesus, the only Savior. Pray for the Holy Spirit to move among Chala elders in such a way that they will see that one can follow Jesus and also be a faithful member of the Chala people.—KC 62 KANTOSI (AKA, YARSI) PEOPLE DAY CHALA PEOPLE OF GHANA OF WEST AFRICA 14 oday is February 14, also known as Valentine’s Isa 54:10, NIV Day. It is a day when people often get married, or Tengaged to be married. There were at least three St. “Though the mountains be Valentines throughout church history, and there are shaken and the hills be all kinds of legends regarding why we associate that removed, yet my unfailing name with romance and marriage. We can’t say for love for you will not be sure if any of the legends are true. shaken nor my covenant But we do know that when a people group is “engaged” of peace be removed,” by Christian workers, they finally have the potential says the Lord, who has to become part of the Bride of Christ. The Kantosi compassion on you. people group we are praying for today number only 3,200, and the only Christian resources they have in Pray that the Kantosi people their heart language are gospel recordings. No Bible will accept the intense love portions or videos are available to them unless they of the Lord, and share it with learn someone else’s language. other peoples in Africa. About 20 years ago four Christian partnerships came together to pray for this people group. There were seven short-term prayer efforts. Now about one percent of these Muslims are Christian, and about one in 500 is evangelical. It could take much more prayer before these people see the Light of the World. Pray for the Holy Spirit to give dreams and visions to members of the Kantosi people that will open their hearts to Christ. Pray for many to hear in whatever language they have available, that Jesus Christ wants them to have an abundant life now and forever more. Pray for a rapid church planting movement among them.—KC 63 DAY NGBANYITO CONGA PEOPLE 15 OF GHANA EFFORTS Isa 61:1-2, NIV overty may cause people to seek God; but the Ngbanyito Conga people of Ghana are very The Spirit of the Sovereign Plimited in how they can find out more about Him. Lord is on me, because the With a literacy rate no greater than five percent, the Lord has anointed me to gospel message must be presented orally both for proclaim good news to the evangelism and discipleship. Videos and recordings poor. He has sent me to would be great tools, but someone needs to bind up the brokenhearted, distribute them. International Create to proclaim freedom for the The Ngbanyito Conga people have a population captives and release from of about 335,000. Only around four percent are darkness for the prisoners, Christians, and only about one half of one percent are to proclaim the year of the evangelical. The largest religion among them is Islam Lord’s favor and the day of with approximately 58 percent. vengeance of our God, to While the Conga people live in Ghana’s northern comfort all who mourn… regions, the wealth of the country is located in the Pray that the Ngbanyito southern part of this nation. Most people of the Conga people will soon go north (like the Ngbanyito Conga people) barely make out to proclaim the Savior a living in subsistence farming. They live in mud whom this verse describes. brick, thatched-roof homes. Most Ngbanyito Conga Pray for them to be children cannot go to school because they are needed transformed and to be used to help with farm work. Their lack of schooling locks by Him to transform others. them into a cycle of poverty. Poverty remains a huge challenge for this people group that suffers from a lack of drinking water, food, and employment. Pray that the disadvantaged Conga tribe will soon have the opportunity to allow their children adequate education.
Recommended publications
  • The 19Th Century Jihads in West Africa
    THE 19TH CENTURY JIHADS IN WEST AFRICA A Jihad is a holy defensive war waged by Muslim reformers against injustices in the society, aimed at protecting the wronged and oppressed people together with their property and at the same time, spreading, purifying and strengthening Islam. In the Nineteenth Century, West Africa saw a wave of Jihads; however, three were more profound: 1. The Jihads that broke out in Hausaland in 1804 under the leadership of Uthman Dan Fodio. These took place in Sokoto area; and thus came to be known as the Sokoto Jihads. 2. In 1818, another Jihad was conducted in Massina under the headship of Seku (Sehu) Ahmadu. These came to be known as the Massina Jihads. 3. In Futa–Jallon and Futa–toto, another Jihadist called Al-Hajj Umar carried out a Jihad in 1851. This was known as the Tokolor or Tijjan Jihad. All these Jihads were led by members of the Fulani Muslims and carried out by people of Fulani origin; as such, the Jihads came to be known as the Fulani Jihads. CAUSES OF THE 19TH CENTURY JIHAD MOVEMENTS IN WEST AFRICA. Question: Account for the outbreak of the 19th Century Jihad Movement in West Africa. Although the Nineteenth Century Jihads were religious movements, they had a mixture of political, economic and intellectual causes; and a number of factors accounted for their outbreak in West Africa. 1. The 19th Century Jihads aimed at spreading Islam to the people who had not been converted to it. There were areas which had not been touched by Islam such as Mossi, Nupe, Borgu and Adamawa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mandinka Epic
    Les Ballets d'Afrique Noire The Mandinka Epic Wake niversity mston-Salem orth Carolina February 18, 2000 Wait Chapel ICM Artists, Ltd. presents Les Ballets d'Afrique Noire The Mandinka Epic General Dir ector and Producer Lightin g Adaptation Mamadou Mansour Gueyc Jim Alexander Artistic Dir ector Costume Designs Jean Pierre Leurs Oumou Sy, Jean Pierre Leurs, Mamadou Mansour Gueye Producer and Artistic Advisor Mamadou Mansour Gueye Singers (jelis/ griots) Maimouna Cissokho, Mouscouta Camara Crea tor and Artistic Director Jean Pierre Leurs Performers Mamadou Badji, ldtissa Diatta, Mohammed Composer and Lyricist Badji, Sai·dou Ba, Djibril Camara, Guimba Diallo Alain Godonou D.M. Zinsou, Charles Adam Leurs, Malang Diatta, Bourama Diatta, Fode Choreographers Moussa Camara, Mame Adama Gucye, Adama Oscar Aboubacar Camara Fall, Binetou Ly, Ramatoulaye Diallo, Marie Jean Pierre Leurs Diagne, Awa Cai"ssi,y Camara, Fatou Mbaye, Mamadou Diop Aminata Sonko, Dianke Diatta Ballet Master Mu sicia ns Oscar Aboubacar Camara Aboubacar Camara (balafon), Ousmane Coulibaly (flute), Mady Kouyate (kora), Djibril Rehearsa l Director Sissoko (khalam) Sei"dyAbabbacar Gueye Percu ssionists Lighting Concept Dikory Seydi, Pape Assane Mbaye, Mademba Jean Pierre Leurs Diao, El Hadji Mbor Faye, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane Ndong, Bakary Cisse The Mandinka Epic United States ·four is presented in a~sociation with the Kennedy Center African Odyssey Program, ~ponS0red by American Express. Exclusive Management ICM~ Artists, Ltd. 40 West 57 St reel Ns~wYt1rk,NY 10019 A nwmber of lCM I loldings Inc. The Story ACTI (a brief history of events leading up to the Mali Kingdom of West Africa) Scene I- (circa late 12th century) Early morning in a small Mandi.nka tribal village.
    [Show full text]
  • Ufahamu: a Journal of African Studies
    UCLA Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies Title …And the Gods Did Not Avenge Us Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6904m785 Journal Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 13(2-3) ISSN 0041-5715 Author Diawara, Manthia Publication Date 1984 DOI 10.5070/F7132-3017115 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California AND THE GODS DID NOT AVENGE US (A Shor t Story) By Manthia Diawara And • .:o folks coul d not sp eak Kandinka . My -ot her was a Karaka housewife who used to go to t he aa r ke t pTace wi thout wea r i ng any -a keup. It was fashionabl e then, all'(ln g t he Mandinlt.a wome n , to put cbo'le on their eyebrows. My ec t her had tribal ~ rk s: --three vert i cal scar s on both cheeks and three chips on her forehead . When s he spo ke Mandinka , she always ended her sentences with some Maraka wo rds. Al l the WOIIlt'n in the mar ket ­ pl ace knew she was a forei gner . And my friends ca lled me the "'araka boy. I did not l ike t hat. My father was very tall , and crippled in the right l eg . He walked very fas t to hi s destinations and did not have the elegance or nonchalance which we re the trademarks of the Han ­ dinka men. When my friends sa w him coming, they always said, "t here is the Hdraka ma n." I did not like that either.
    [Show full text]
  • Hist 111 - World Civilization
    South Dakota State University Hist 111 - World Civilization Concepts addressed: African kingdoms: Ghana, Mali, and Songhai I. Ghana Empire (c. 900-1240 CE) - based in area of modern SE Mauritania, part of Mali A. Possibly the first empire in the Sahel - small Berber principality present from 4th century CE expanded in size and influence rapidly B. Introduction of camel and other livestock by Arabs in 8th century sparked revolution in trade - enabled gold, ivory, salt resources to be sent to North and East in return for manufactured goods C. Growing trade surplus supported growth of urban centers D. Leaders pursued territorial expansion to control trade routes E. Empire dominated by Soninke people F. F. Capital at Kumbi Saleh (pop. c. 30,000) on edge of Sahara - Shared by Africans (mud- brick houses) and Arabs (stone houses - traders, also employed as bureaucrats/ administrators since literate) G. By 11th century, king had army of 200,000 at his service H. H. King called "the Ghana" (thus the name of the empire) - succession passed to son of his sister - Dead king buried in large dome-roofed tombs I. Religion centered around emperor-worship J. Permitted Islam but kings never converted K. Almoravids in NW Africa launched jihad vs. long-struggling kingdom 1. Emergence of Almoravids had disrupted Saharan trade routes, pushed them west 2. Ghanese urban population overburdened resources of environment 3. Sahara was spreading south 4. With decline of trade, no longer had income needed to import food 5. By 13th century, vassal states were rebelling - Almoravids took advantage II. Mali Empire - Islamic Empire in West Africa (14th-1ih century CE) A.
    [Show full text]
  • West African Manuscripts in Arabic and African Languages and Digital Preservation
    West African Manuscripts in Arabic and African Languages and Digital Preservation Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History West African Manuscripts in Arabic and African Languages and Digital Preservation Fallou Ngom Subject: Historical Preservation and Cultural Heritage, Intellectual History, West Africa Online Publication Date: Jun 2017 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.123 Abstract and Keywords West African manuscripts are numerous and varied in forms and contents. There are thousands of them across West Africa. A significant portion of them are documents written in Arabic and Ajami (African languages written in Arabic script). They deal with both religious and nonreligious subjects. The development of these manuscript traditions dates back to the early days of Islam in West Africa, in the 11th century. In addition to these Arabic and Ajami manuscripts, there have been others written in indigenous scripts. These include those in the Vai script invented in Liberia; Tifinagh, the traditional writing system of the Amazigh (Berber) people; and the N’KO script invented in Guinea for Mande languages. While the writings in indigenous scripts are rare less numerous and widespread, they nonetheless constitute an important component of West Africa’s written heritage. Though the efforts devoted to the preservation of West African manuscripts are limited compared to other world regions, interest in preserving them has increased. Some of the initial preservation efforts of West African manuscripts are the collections of colonial officers. Academics later supplemented these collections. These efforts resulted in important print and digital repositories of West African manuscripts in Africa, Europe, and America. Until recently, most of the cataloguing and digital preservation efforts of West African manuscripts have focused on those written in Arabic.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Africa
    A Short History of Africa Chapter 1. The Races of Africa. ..................................................3 Chapter 2. The Kushites : Meroe : Nubia. ....................................5 Chapter 3. North Africa until the 7th Century A.D. : Carthage : Rome : The Vandals : Byzantium.........................................6 Chapter 4. North Africa : The Arabs. ...........................................9 Chapter 5. The Early Kingdoms of the Western and Central Sudan.11 Chapter 6. Eastern and Central Africa : The Swahili. ................... 13 Chapter 7. The West African Forest Kingdoms. ........................... 15 Chapter 9. Portuguese Exploration and Colonisation.................... 18 Chapter 10. The Slave Trade. .................................................... 20 Chapter 12. Africa in the Early Years of the 19th Century. ............. 22 Chapter 12. European Exploration 1770-1870.............................. 25 Chapter 13. French and British Activities in Africa from the 1820s to 1880s. .................................................................. 27 Chapter 14. The "Scramble for Africa"......................................... 30 Chapter 15. The Colonial Period. ................................................ 34 Chapter 16. The Africans become Independent. ........................... 36 Chapter 18. After Independence: North Africa.............................. 42 Chapter 19.After Independence: The Countries of the Sudan......... 45 Chapter 20. After Independence - West Africa.............................. 48 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Contrastive Phonological Analysis of French and Mandinka
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1997 Contrastive phonological analysis of French and Mandinka Fallou N'Gom The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation N'Gom, Fallou, "Contrastive phonological analysis of French and Mandinka" (1997). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 8103. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/8103 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. * Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of IV ^ O N T A N A Pennission is granted by the author to reproduce tliis material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. ** Please check 'u e ^ or "No" and provide signature ** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author's Signature Date Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author’s explicit consent. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CONTRASTIVE PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FRENCH AND MANDINKA by Fallou N'Gom ^ M.A. The University of Saint-Louis (Sénégal) 1996 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana 1997 Approved by: son Dean, Graduate School Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Making and Managing Femaleness, Fertility and Motherhood Within An
    Making and managing femaleness, fertility and motherhood within an urban Gambian area Heidi Skramstad Dissertation submitted for the degree of Dr.Polit. Department of Social Anthropology University of Bergen March 2008 ISBN 978-82-308-0600-5 Bergen, Norway 2008 Printed by Allkopi Tel: +47 55 54 49 40 For Marit Skramstad, Mama Jamba, Aji Rugie Jallow and all other great mothers Contents CONTENTS........................................................................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: ................................................................................................................................ 7 GENERAL INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 11 Organisation of the thesis............................................................................................................................ 14 SUBJECT FORMATION, DISCOURSES, HEGEMONIES AND RESISTANCE................................................................. 15 Ideology, hegemony or dominant discourses............................................................................................... 17 The discursive production of sex, gender, sexuality and fertility................................................................. 19 Women’s positions, mutedness and resistance ............................................................................................ 20 THE DISCURSIVE PRODUCTION
    [Show full text]
  • [Klikk Her Og Skriv Tittel]
    TRANSFORMATIVE SUBSTANCES, KNOWLEDGE AND POWER Affecting the Course of Events in a Gambian Mandinka Village Katri E. Matikainen Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Cand. Polit. Degree at The Department of Social Anthropology UNIVERSITY OF OSLO March 2007 2 3 Abstract The present thesis is based on a fieldwork that was conducted in a small Mandinka village in the West African republic of The Gambia. This thesis revolves around the Mandinka concept of booroo. Booroo is commonly translated as “medicine”, but the application of booroo is not confined to prevention and treatment of sickness. Booroo refers to diverse substances, objects and, on occasion to certain utterances: such as biomedicines, amulets and prayers which can be used in order to attain changes, for instance to cure sickness, find a spouse or achieve success. Even if the main focus of the thesis is on booroo, which does embrace notions of medicine, the focus is not exclusively on themes prevalent within medical anthropology. This study seeks an understanding of a local concept of power (semboo) through exploring practices related to the use of booroo. The thesis explores how people’s conceptions of power influence their use of booroo. It further investigates what renders booroo and practitioners of booroo powerful. The main part of the thesis discusses power as a transformative force inherent in the world and beings within it, and it also considers how power is perceived as working in social relations. This power may cause wanted and unwanted changes. People can gain knowledge (londoo) of how to manipulate this power, for instance by using booroo.
    [Show full text]
  • February 2019
    February 2019 SUBSCRIPTIONS Editorial Frontier Ventures PO Box 91297 Long Beach, CA 90809-1297 1-888-881-5861 (within in the US) 1-714-226-9782 (outside the US, including Canada) [email protected] Dear Praying Friends, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Keith Carey One of the key things I do in the GPD office is look for For comments on content call 626-398-2241 or email the most important people groups to pray for. Starting [email protected] in May, we will focus for a year on the “Frontier People ASSISTANT EDITOR Groups,” meaning those over half a million in size and Paula Fern number with almost no Christian workers, churches and WRITERS less than one in 1,000 is a believer. For now, we need to Patricia Depew remember the Unengaged Unreached People Groups Karen Hightower Wesley Kawato (UUPGs), meaning those that have no Christian workers Ben Klett or church fellowships as yet. For a country with a small David Kugel Christopher Lane population like Chad, there are many. They will be the Ted Proffitt Cory Raynham focus of our prayers this month. God wants every tribe, Lydia Reynolds tongue, and nation to experience his abundant life! Jean Smith Allan Starling Chun Mei Wilson Chad is in a region of central Africa in the Sahel Desert John Ytreus where furnace-high temperatures and inadequate water PRAYING THE SCRIPTURES supplies make life difficult, if not impossible, to live unless Keith Carey people can stand the heat and lack of water. You will CUSTOMER SERVICE see that they also don’t have enough medical facilities or Lois Carey schools.
    [Show full text]
  • Education in West Africa As a Contested Space Between Global Politics and Local Cultures: an Exploration Through Critical Discourse Analysis
    Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick Thesis Title: Education in West Africa as a Contested Space between Global Politics and Local Cultures: An Exploration through Critical Discourse Analysis. Thesis Presented to Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Tayo Paul Adenusi November 2019 Research Supervisor: Professor James G. Deegan FRSA, Head of Graduate School, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. All quotations and excerpts from other sources have been fully acknowledged and referenced as required. Student Name: Tayo Paul Adenusi Signature: Date: 17th December 2019 i Table of Contents Declaration ............................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. viii Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. ix Contextual Clarifications ......................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1 ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Subject Index
    Subject Index An “f” following a page number indicates a figure on that page 60 Minutes (CBS), 354 300 (Warner Bros. Pictures), 108–9, 108f 666 Fifth Avenue complex (Kushner as owner of), 136 1619 Project, 270 1917 (DreamWorks Pictures), 38 1967 War, 215, 217f, 222 2020 Donald Trump Peace Plan, 217f, 220, 221f A Abbasid Empire/Caliph about, 4 destruction of, 76 education and, 18 health-care system and, 9 influence of, 12–13, 12f, 160 military of, 191 Spanish, 340 Abdelkader Education Project, 264–65 Abscam, 103–6 Academi, 346 Achaemenid Empire, 309 adab, 169–72, 290, 340 Al-Adhan, 288 Africa and the Blues (Kubik), 297 African descendants killing of by extremists, 249–50 racism and (See racism) religion and, 281–85 slavery of (See slavery/slaves, US in place index) Trump on, 252 Zionism and, 47–48 agriculture, 340 Air Force Academy, 132 Ajyad Fortress, 77f Aladdin (Disney), 354 alcohol, 19 algebra, 5, 339 algorithms, 5–6, 339 Alhambra Decree, 23–24, 196, 267, 293, 343 alimony, 299 almirante, 268f Almohad mosque, 268f Amazighs, 288 American Hustle (Columbia Pictures), 104–5 American Indians (Native Americans). See indigenous people American Revolution, 170, 269–70, 356 Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC), 308 Anglo-Saudi Protectorate Treaty (1915), 72 annulments, 158 Antichrist, 122, 136 anti-Semitism. See Jews/Judaism; Zionism apartheid, 218 APOC (Anglo-Persian Oil Company), 308 appearance, physical, 99f, 100, 100f Al-Aqsa Mosque, 81, 114, 119, 119f, 127, 152, 168, 187, 219. See also Dome of the Rock Arab Nation. See also Zionism Abdulaziz on, 65–68, 265 British promise of, 33–35, 40, 40f, 45–48, 69 Egypt and, 81 vassalage program and, 91 Arab Revolt, 35–38, 35f–37f, 99 Arab Spring uprising, 265–66, 358 Arabian Horse (Abdelkader), 264 Arabian horses, 160, 170–71, 171f.
    [Show full text]