DOCSLIB.ORG

181 Abnaki, Etchemin, and Malecite James Dennis Wherry University of New Brunswick

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
181 Abnaki, Etchemin, and Malecite James Dennis Wherry University of New Brunswick 181 Abnaki, Etchemin, and Malecite James Dennis Wherry University of New Brunswick The casual reader of accounts of European-Indian contacts in the northeast is struck by a bewildering array of tribal names. The serious student of the northeastern Algonquian literature is no less plagued by this problem of deciphering the identities of groups so variously named. What soon becomes readily apparent is that French chroniclers supplied appellations independent of the English and that any particular Indian group might have at least two names in the literature, one supplied by the French and one supplied by the English. In addition, the two European groups were in fundamental disagreement about the basic categories of Indians. This meant that as their knowledge of the country­ side grew, the English supplied a separate name for each band that they encountered. French literature generally applied terms to groups of Indians of a considerably wider provenience than any term supplied by English literature, except for the English blanket terms applied to unknowns, such as "Eastern Indians" (Hubbard 1682 in 1815:31). Within French literature the names came from informants either within the group or outside of the group. This shifting perspective at times produced changes in the appellations that were applied to groups and created some confusion among French and English writers. This approach can be applied to the appellations, Abnaki and Etchemin. The Handbook of American Indians (Hodge 1907) suggests three categories in the classification of groups commonly associated with the term, Abnaki. First, it has been used by the English and French of the colonial period to designate a confederacy of the Algonquian speaking groups centered in the present state of Maine. Second, Algonquian-speaking groups tended to refer to other groups of their own stock resident on the Atlantic seaboard witn the generic Abnaki. This seems to imply a geographically descriptive classifi­ cation suggesting something like the eastern Indians. This would fit the commonly cited gloss for this term: The word generally received is spelled thus, Abnaki, but it should be 'Wanbanaghi,' from the Indian word 'wanbanban,' designating the people of the Aurora Borealis, or in general, of the place where the sky commences to appear white at the breaking of the day, from 'wanbighen,' it is white (Vetromile 1859: 209) . And finally it has come to be applied to the emigrant Oneida, Stockbridges, and Munsee from around Green Bay, Wisconsin usethseeme(Hodged earldet ot 1907:2-6)yorefe Frencsuggesr thot .modern-dawriter aA wides fosr (BiardyproveniencEtchemi Malecite-Passamaquoddy, nChamplain one e extendinfind,s anigdt Lescarbothafro,s mbee thougthen h) , 182 MARITIKES HIP Y/ITH PLACE NAMES REFERRED TO IN TEXT 183 Saint John River to at least the Kennebec River. A survey of the early literature may help to discover the source of this confusion. The earliest reference to an Abnaki group appears to be Champlain's observation on April 19, 1629, from Quebec: That savage, Erouachy, told us that he had passed some months among a nation of savages called Obenaquiouoit, who live about seven or eight days' journey to the south of our settlement, and who cultivate land (Champlain in Biggar 1933:313). Champlain's earliest reference to the Etchemins is dated on May 27, 1603. At this time they were near Tadoussac celebrating with the Algonquins and the Montagnais their collective victory in a war against the Iroquois (from Champlain in Biggar 1922:103). It was during Champlain's explorations along the coastline of Maine and New Brunswick in 1604 that he established the provenience for Etchemin. It included at least the coastline from the Saint John River to the Kennebec River (Champlain in Biggar 1922:269-297). Having located the Etchemins in time and space with Champlain's description it might be helpful to consider the source of the term Etchemin. The literature on native North America is replete with cases of tribes having various names, some derived from what other groups called them and some derived from terms they used to describe themselves. Etchemin seems to be derived from a term they used to describe themselves. Our best information on Etchemin comes from the originator of the term in Western literature, Champlain, who says: "We proceeded to a river on the mainland, called the river of the Etchemins, from a tribe of Indians so named in their own country" (Champlain in Biggar 1922:269). To interpret this to mean that Champlain was told Etchemin by none other than an Etchemin informant would seem suspiciously simple if modern evidence did not suggest a surviving form. And indeed H.P. Biggar, the general editor of the modern reprint of The Works of Samuel De Champlain, notes: "The name Etechemins applied by these Indians to themselves represents obviously a form of the word skejim, still in use as the equivalent of Indian" (Biggar 1922:269). And Montague Chamberlain, the writer of the Maliseet Vocabulary, offers the gloss: "o-ski'-tchin, An Indian, (Lit., a human being)" (Chamberlain 1899:27). The glosses given by these earlier writers accords well with that given by Vincent Erickson, writing on the Malecite-Passamaquoddy for the as yet unpublished edition of Handbook of North American Indians, who says: "Etchemin is probably an incorrect rendering of skicin, meaning Indian in modern Malecite-Passamaquoddy" (Erickson n.d.:l). Referring to oneself as human cannot be considered an uncommon practice Whatobserverananotheamond ,gErickson rNortthen sgroup hcam, Americaca,e. n the tboEtcheminne usnexpectei es Indiaunusuaa ,ter dna msl fogroups deriveglosseronl thy e,d i ntermthougb froyit mBiggar,sh Abnaki usthusualle b,usagy ?Chamberlain yEuropeans e Europeaof n. , 184 Samuel Champlain was the first European chronicler to introduce the term into European literature. But as it turned out he was neither clear on whom he meant this term to apply to nor consistent with his orthography. His introduction of the term seems to have occurred on April 19, 1629, at Quebec when a chief named Erouachy told him that a group named Obenaquiouoit (Abnaki) were living eight days' journey to the south and that they would be willing to help the French with their corn in exchange for French support in their wars with the Iroquois. The French were finding during this period, that their little colony at Quebec was getting in trouble and running short of supplies. Champlain's attempts to make the colony self-sufficient met with total failure and the effectiveness of the English blockade was having its effect on the colony's stores. In this dire situation, in July, 1629, Champlain decided to send some of his men to the Abenaquiois (Abnaki) to live on their Indian corn (Champlain in Biggar 1936:45). It does not seem that this plan was ever accomplished, since the English captured the French at Quebec on July 19. Although Champlain never seems to have seen the Abenaquioits (Abnaki), he did send a man to investigate Erouachy's report: On the fifteenth of July the man whom I had sent to get information respecting the savages called Abenaquioits arrived and made a full report to me of his journey, in accordance with the memorandum I had given to him before he set out, namely: as to the number of rapids on the way, the difficulty of the land travel as far as the coast of the said Etchemins, the peoples and nations inhabiting those regions, and their modes of life. He assured us that all those tribes wished to form a close friend­ ship with us, and were prepared to take our men and feed them through the winter until such time as we should obtain relief through the arrival of our vessels; and that in a few days a chief would come from these tribes with some canoes, to confirm their friendship and even to aid us with their Indian corn; for they have large villages and also houses in the country, with many stretches of cleared land, in which they sow much Indian corn, and from which they harvest a sufficient quantity to their own maintenance, and also to enable them to assist their neighbors when there is a scarcity in a year that is poorer than usual (Champlain in Biggar 1936:43-44) . This report must have brought a glimmer of hope to the fail­ ing spirits of the French, but the hope was quashed by the English capture of Quebec in four days. Champlain never saw Abenaquioitthoughidentificatiothitime svisitee hAbenaquioi eno saiddt sbth y:n e(Abnaki) thtChamplaiEtchemin e (Abnakiname. nsAbenaquioits )Hwouleo fchief ma thdy ehav. Kennebe eI f.mad hearheFoce d rhad oRivefoif n, thesrontheSeptember eanem d wonder beforeat tha,s 1604, what t, 185 The people live like those near our settlement; and they informed us that the Indians who cultivated Indian corn lived far inland, and had ceased to grow it on the coasts on account of the war they used to wage with others who came and seized it (Champlain in Biggar 1922:321). Could these inland cultivators be the Abenaquioits of 1629? At the time of Champlain's contact with the Kennebec River Etchemins, no statement was ever made of any difference of language or culture of these inland Indians who cultivated the soil. Though no tribal name is applied to them, the impression is that they are also Etchemins. Finally, careful consideration of Champlain's primary source of information on the Abnaki can indicate more of the nature of this appellation. Champlain's primary source of information on the Abnaki was an Indian named Erouachy. Though Champlain never gives Erouachy's tribal affiliation, he does not seem to be an Abnaki or, as Champlain gives, an Abenaquioit.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Excavating the Wolastoqiyik Language
    1 (Submitted to Wulustuk Times, January 2012) EXCAVATING THE WOLASTOQIYIK LANGUAGE Mareshites, Marasheete, Malecite, Amalecite, Malecetes, Ma'lesit, Maleshite, Malicetes, Malisit, Maleschite and many more spellings. So many variations of one name. The Maliseets, as we refer to them today, never called themselves by that name before the white man came here. It was assigned to them by others. The first recording of the name was by Gov. Villebon at Fort Naxouat (Nashwaak) in a letter to Monsieur Jean- 2 Baptiste de Lagny (France's intendant of Commerce), Sept 2, 1694 in which he describes their territory: The Malicites begin at the river St. John, and inland as far as la Riviere du Loup, and along the sea shore, occupying Pesmonquadis, Majais, les Monts Deserts and Pentagoet, and all the rivers along the coast. At Pentagoe't, among the Malicites, are many of the Kennebec Indians. Taxous [aka Moxus] was the principal chief of the river Kinibeguy, but having married a woman of Pentagoet, he settled there with her relations. As to Matakando he is a Malicite. [Madockawando was an adopted brother of Moxus. In 1694 he was Chief on the Wolastoq] Over the years there have been various explanations of the proper spelling and origin of this word. Vincent Erickson wrote in the "Handbook of North American Indians" that the name Maliseet "appears to have been given by the neighboring Micmac to whom the Maliseet language sounded like faulty Micmac; the word 'Maliseet' may be glossed 'lazy, poor or bad speakers.' " Similarly Montague Chamberlain, in his Maliseet Vocabulary published in 1899, suggested that it was derived from the Micmac name Malisit, "broken talkers"; John Tanner in 1830 gives the form as Mahnesheets, meaning "slow tongues" and states he was given that name by a "native." In 1878 R.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer 2005-A
    Nipon (It is Summer) HBMI Natural Resources Department HBMI Natural Resources NON-PROFIT ORG June 2005 U.S. POSTAGE Brenda Commander - Tribal Chief Department PAID Susan Young - Editor PERMIT #2 Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians HOULTON ME This newsletter is 88 Bell Road printed on Recycled Littleton, ME 04730 chlorine free paper Phone: 207-532-4273 Skitkomiq Nutacomit Fax: 207-532-6883 Earth Speaker Wabanaki Alternatives to DEET Inside this issue: Each year just as the others feel by using DEET products Alternatives to DEET…………. 1 weather turns nice here in you are “spreading poison on your Skywatching - Meteor Showers... 2 Northern Maine the black skin”. Whatever your feelings are about Meteor Watching Tips………… 2 flies, mosquitoes, midges, DEET there are alternatives available. no-see-ums, horse and deer flies awaken If you choose to use commercial repel- Slow Down There’s Moose to drive us indoors or straight to the lents including DEET etc., please refer Around………………………... insect repellent. But which one should to the precautions listed on page 6 to Envirothon 2005 ……………… 3 you use? Ask twenty people and you’ll help you use them safely. Meet the Summer Techs ……… 4 get at least twenty answers. Word Search Puzzle …………... 4 There is a natural alternative to some of these DEET products produced by Maine’s 11 Most Un-Wanted Years ago in some parts of the country, Aquatic Plants ………………… when mosquito season started, states and a Maliseet-Passamaquoddy woman named Alison Lewy. Her product Avoiding Ticks & Lyme Disease. 6 towns, employed sprayer trucks to drive through the neighborhoods spraying Lewey’s Eco-Blend is a 100% natural Using Insect Repellents Safely .
    [Show full text]
  • Maliseet Vocabulary;
    Ghaaberlain. abulary MALISEET VOCABULARY MONTAGUE CHAMBERLAIN MALISEET VOCABULARY BY MONTAGUE CHAMBERLAIN WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY WILLIAM F. GANONG, Ph. D. Professor of Botany at Smith College FOR SALE BY HARVARD COOPERATIVE SOCIETY CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 1899 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PREFACE 5 INTRODUCTION 10 ALPHABET 17 VOCABULARY: PERSONS 18 PARTS OF THE BODY 19 RELATIONSHIPS 22 SOCIAL AND GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION .... 26 RELIGION 28 DRESS AND ORNAMENTS 28 DWELLINGS 29 IMPLEMENTS AND UTENSILS 30 FOOD 32 MAMMALS 32 BIRDS 34 FISH 37 REPTILES 38 INSECTS 39 PARTS OF ANIMALS 40 TREES AND SHRUBS . 42 PARTS OF PLANTS 45 PHYSICAL PHENOMENA AND OBJECTS 46 COLORS 49 CARDINAL NUMBERS 49 ORDINAL NUMBERS 52 NUMERAL ADVERBS 53 MULTIPLICATIVES 54 DISTRIBUTIVES 54 MEASURES 55 DIVISIONS OF TIME 56 PLACE NAMES 58 WORDS OF RECENT ORIGIN 6r PRONOUNS 65 PHRASES AND SENTENCES: FIRST SERIES 67 SECOND SERIES 84 THE VERB, To LOVE 90 How THE BEAR GENS BEGAN : A MALISEET TRADITION . 93 PREFACE. Maliseets have not a written language, nor have I been THEable to obtain any evidence that they ever used characters or symbols of any sort neither letters nor hieroglyphics for the representation of words. A few samples of their picture writing have been discovered, but these are extremely crude and simple and do not suggest any systematic methods for the conveyance of " " ideas. Nor was the so-called reading of wampum belts, that we have heard about, the rehearsal of a story told by characters on the belt. That was simply the recital of an oral tradition which depended upon the "reader's" memory for its accuracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Turner's Public Spirit
    State Librarian TURNER'S PUBLIC SPIRIT. itOKtoil Forty-Fourth Year ,, Ayer, Mass., Saturday, May 4, 1912. No. 34. Price Four Cents New Spring Suits ajid Overcoats Our new Spring Suits and Overcoats for Men and Young Men represent "PERFECTION" in Clothing The style range is unusually broad, the new models are better and smarter than PVPr h»fn.. ^ *i, * ,. • more exclusive. They are tailored for us by ' ^""^ *^' ^^^"" ^'^ "'=^«'' ^^^ HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX and the AMERICAN STANDARD Prices-?10.00, ?12.00, ?15.00, ?16.50, ?18.00, $20.00, ?22.00 STUDEBAKER-E-M-F "30" TOURING CAR ?H00 We also have a Complete Line of New Spring HATS, SHIRTS, NECKWEAR and SHOES Service Is a Big Item in Opposite Depot Fletcher Bros AYER - MASS, AutomoMle Buuing cui-ied sev.-ra! years ago, Mrs, Davis had lived alone in a ;lat on .Main street The purchase of a Studebaker automobile is no gamble. You 111 Waltham. The building In which .she made hoi- lioine was burned a .short can be sure, absolutely. Sure of quaUty; sure of service; sure of time ago. and Mrs, Davis had a very narrow escape, an oxi)erlence thjit square treatment after you buy. doubtless inlluenced her health and ^ perhajis hastened her death, Sho '^fc^>^^>ya^ leaves no children, but one step-son, •ReuABUt •y\ ren POWER, SPEED, QUALITY, HANDSOME APPEARANCE AND from whom she has enjoyed flllal dt-- CLomrCR J^ASfi votion and tender care in her declin­ TIRELESS ENDURANCE ing years. Mrs. Packard Is entertaining as her Flanders "20"—F. 0. B. Detroit E-M-F "30"—F.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of North American Minor Natural History Serials in the University of Michigan Libraries
    BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICAN MINOR NATURAL HISTORY SERIALS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARIES BY MARGARET HANSELMAN UNDERWOOD Anm Arbor llniversity of Michigan Press 1954 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICAN MINOR NATURAL HISTORY SERIALS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARIES BY MARGARET HANSELMAN UNDERWOOD Anm Arbor University of Michigan Press 1954 my Aunts ELLA JANE CRANDELL BAILEY - ARABELLA CRANDELL YAGER and my daughter ELIZABETH JANE UNDERWOOD FOREWORD In this work Mrs. Underwood has made an important contribution to the reference literature of the natural sciences. While she was on the staff of the University of Michigan Museums library, she had early brought to her attention the need for preserving vanishing data of the distribu- tion of plants and animals before the territories of the forms were modified by the spread of civilization, and she became impressed with the fact that valuable records were contained in short-lived publications of limited circulation. The studies of the systematists and geographers will be facilitated by this bibliography, the result of years of painstaking investigation. Alexander Grant Ruthven President Emeritus, University of Michigan PREFACE Since Mr. Frank L. Burns published A Bibliography of Scarce and Out of Print North American Amateur and Trade Periodicals Devoted More or Less to Ornithology (1915) very little has been published on this sub- ject. The present bibliography includes only North American minor natural history serials in the libraries of the University of Michigan. University publications were not as a general rule included, and no attempt was made to include all of the publications of State Conserva- tion Departments or National Parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogueofacollectionofbooksonornithology 10285952.Pdf
    CATALOGUE O F A COLLECTI ON O F B O OKS ON OR N ITH O L O GY IN TH E LI B RARY O F J O HN E THAYER COMP I LED BY EVE LYN TH AYE R A ND VI RGI N I A KEYES B OSTON PRI VATELY P RI NTED CATALOGUE i d a . b r s bou t ABBOTT , CHARLES CONRAD The Phil el hi . ad a . us . By Charles Conrad Abbott p , J B - 1 . 2 8 . 2 . Lippincott Company, 895 xi , 9 8 pp illus , 4 pl (incl . front . ) ABBOTT , CHARLES CONRAD . The Carolina ' C . Wren ; a year of its life . By Charles Abbott , M D 2 1—2 atural pp . 5 . (From the American N ist , Jan . , . skies ABBOTT , CHARLES CONRAD Clear and cloudy . By Charles C . Abbott , M . D . Philadelphia C 1 o . o . 8 . 1 6 . and L ndon , J . B Lippincott , 99 3 pp °m ' l . 1 8 front ; i lus . with photographs ABBOTT , FRANCES MATILDA . Birds and flowers about Concord , New Hampshire . By Frances M . Abbott Concord , N . H . , Rumford Printing °m' 1 06 . 1 0 . 1 1 1 Company , 9 . xxi pp , 4 pp , . 8 ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF f PH ILADELPH IA . Proceedings o the Academy of f o . Natural Sciences Philadelphia Philadelphia . 1 8 —1 0 —0 6 Printed for the Academy, 59 9 3 4 . 3 vols . — 1 8 1 0 . l . l . Dated 58 9 3 co p s maps and illus . ADAMS , HENRY GARD INER . Hummingbirds , described and illustrated .
    [Show full text]
  • Some Wabanaki Beliefs and Practices with Non- Algonquian Parallels: the "Red Man", Horned, Slimy Monsters, and Shavings Steeped in Water
    Some Wabanaki Beliefs and Practices with Non- Algonquian Parallels: The "Red Man", Horned, Slimy Monsters, and Shavings Steeped in Water WILLARD WALKER Wesleyan University In "Indians in New Brunswick in Champlain's time", published in 1904, Montague Chamberlain made some preposterous statements. He said that in Champlain's time, i.e. in the very early 17th century, the Maliseet in the St. John valley lived in "fixed villages" with palisades, extensive cornfields, a green corn ceremony complete with the making of new fire, and ritual supplication of the sun, moon, and thunder. All these are characteristic of the southeastern United States and Mexico, but are seemingly misplaced in an Algonquian hunting society in Canada which Champlain himself described as "a people with no fixed abode... for they pass the winter... wheresoever they perceive the hunting of wild animals is the best" (Champlain 1922-36, 1:294). Confirmation for at least some of these practices on the St. John has been provided by Harald Prins (1992), who assembled documentary evidence for palisaded villages with extensive corn, bean, and squash fields on the St. John — not in Champlain's time, but in the 1680s. Prins uses the testimony of Villebon, Gyles, Cadillac, and others to demonstrate that Abenaki from south and west of the Penobscot River migrated in very large numbers in the late 1680s to French mission settlements and seigneunes in the St. Lawrence, St. John, St. Croix, and Penobscot valleys, where they lived together with the resident Maliseet. On the St. John and St. Croix rivers the newcomers were in time assimilated by the Maliseet, their descendants adopting the language of their Maliseet hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • ·Chamberlain Association of America
    THE ·CHAMBERLAIN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA REPORT OF ANNUAL MEETINGS HELD IN BOSTON, MASSA­ CHUSETTS, IN 1908, 1909 AND 1910 WITH MEMORIAL SKETCHES OF MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION FOUR GENERATIONS OF THE DESCENDANTS OF WILLIAM CHAMBER­ LAIN OF WOBURN AND BILLERICA, MASSACHUSETTS, AND OTHER PAPERS CONCERNING THE CHAMBERLAIN FAMILY PORTLAND, MAINE SMITH & SALE, PRINTERS 1911 MR. RICHARD H. CHA~IFlERLAJ:-; CHAMBERLAIN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA ANNUAL MEETING OF 1908 THE scene of the annual gathering of 1908, the eleventh, was again the Parker House, Boston. The Executive Committee met at ten o'clock. At noon the President of the Association, General Joshua L. Chamberlain, held a reception; and later the company adjourned to the Crystal Dining Room for luncheon. After the good things provided by "mine host" had been discussed and secluded, the President introduced Rev. E. E. Strong, D. D., who spoke briefly of the life-work of Rev. Dr. Jacob Chamberlain, physician, explorer, scholar, and preacher. Jacob Chamberlain went in 1859, to India, where he labored as a missionary for nearly fifty years. Being able to speak in several of the native dialects, he was equipped for work of wide extent, which included a revision of the· Bible in the Telugu language. He was the father of Jacob Chester Chamberlain, who died some two years ago. At the conclusion of Dr. Strong's address, the President spoke of the absence from the meeting of General Samuel E. Chamberlain, who is ill at his home in Barre. This is the first annual meeting of the Association from which he has been absent.
    [Show full text]
  • A Catalogue of Canadian Birds, with Notes on the Distribution of The
    Birds. :*-; '-yy:,;'f :j- :^-:2;2iJgM%?^2^ 1887 ' \').\-'< n ^ ^ CANADIAN BIRDS. ^ A CATALOGUE CANADIAN BIRDS, Notes on the Distribution of the Species. MONTAGUE CHAMBERLAIN. OCT 8 1986 SAINT JOHN, N. B. & A. McMillan, 98 Prince Willlxm Street. 1887.' Entered, According to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year i8 - BY MONTAG^JE CHAMBERLAIN, In the Office of the Minister of Agriculture, at Ottawa. PREFACE. TnK object of tliis Catalogue is to bring together the names of all the birds that have been discovered within the boundaries of the Dominion, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific, and north to the Arctic ; to pre- sent these in the system of nomenclature and in the sequence now gen- erally adopted by American Ornithologists, and to give the geographical distribution of each species. This latter portion of the work has not been accomplished very satis- factorily, for, although considerable labor and care have been devoted to the preparation of the notes on distribution, they are not at all complete, and I fear that, on further investigation, some of them will be proven incorrect. There is no way at present of avoiding these defects. All the information that is now obtainable has been procured ; the works of the older authors have been freely drawn upon, as well as those of recent writers, and a number of MSS. reports have been prepared e.\- pressly for the present work. But the greater portion of the country — immense stretches of forest and prairie and sea coast — have received little attention from Ornitliologists, while even the more settled districts have not yet been fully investigated, leaving a large amount of field- work still to be done before anything like a complete account of the P)irds of Canada can be produced.
    [Show full text]
  • February 24, 1900
    rro PORTLAND DAILY PRESS.. EOEEi SATURDAY FEBRUARY 1900. PRICE THREE CENTS. '^ESTABLISHED JUNE 23, 1862-VOL. 38. PORTLAND, MAINE, MORNING, 24, FROX BOER SOURCES. TWO ACRES BERT ED OVER. Pretoria IIMpalchri Report Slothing Dnpcnle la Utteotton. Pretoria, Wednesday, February Hi.— war bulletin baa CRONJE’S 4 HEROISM. Tba following official been leeutd here: Half-Million Dollar Fire "Report wna reeelred thla morning of oanoon bring weat of Ooleabnrg. in Philadelphia. "At Petroebetg oannon firing oom- metoed at «li In tbe morning. A big fight wee ei parted today. "llewet telegraphed yeeterday from Petruobarg that all waa qnlat axoapt One Woman Killed and Several Surrounded by Artillery the Boer Leader several oanoon abota and amell oklr- mlabea. Y ester Joy evening tba Brllleb atormed tba federal pealtlona aa far na Severely Injured. Refuses to Yield. Srbaoaer bat were driven back. "A maeaage from Ueneral Cronja Is to the effeot that bla low yeeterday waa four- teea dead and wounded. * Heart of Dis- " Dewet’s low waa nil." Millinery Commandant Fronaman reporta that trict in Flames. from February 16 to February 20 be wee surrounded by tbe lirltlab ut tbe If adder His Is In a Position river, when with a email number of men Army Covering be broke through the river. Un there was beery fight. Monday Bad Fires in Birmingham, ila. a Mile. The British prepared to lay (legs to tbe Only Square We Baer laager, wltb fighting general. and Loudon, ftnt. warn sorronaded by two tbouaaad Brltlan. flva miles from tbs obtef laager. At night we out our wag tbroughfwltb tba low of wren dead and atxtwn wounded.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAMBERLAIN Asso·C1ation of AMERICA
    THE CHAMBERLAIN Asso·c1ATION OF AMERICA REPORT OF ANNUAL MEETINGS HELD IN BOSTON, MASSA­ CHUSETTS, SEPTEMBER, 12, 1906, AND AUGUST l, 1907 MEMORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION FOUR GENERATIONS OF THE DESCENDANTS OF HENRY CHAMBERLIN OF HINGHAM, ENGLAND, AND HINGHAM, .MASSACHUSEITS, TRANSCRIPTS FROM THE PARISH REGISTERS OF HINGHAM, ENGLAND, AND OTHER PAPERS CONCERNING THE CHAMBERLAIN FAMILY IN ENGLAND AND AMERICA NEW YORK THE GRAFTON PRESS Issued from the press, June, 1908 The co=ittee on publication regrets exceedingly the delay in the issuing of this report. The Executive Co=ittee hopes that the report for 1908 will be sent to the members in less than twelve months. Ho:,_ (!EoRnE E.\t:J.E C'11.urnE1tL.U>" C;o\·ernnr nf Orc•;um. 1 !Iii:)-- CHAMBERLAIN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA ANNUAL MEETING OF 1906 ON September 12, 1906, the Association held its annual gathering (the ninth in its history) at the Parker House, Boston. The business meeting was called to order at 2: 45 by the President, Gen­ eral Joshua L. Chamberlain, and the routine business was disposed of. The report of the Genealogical Committee led to a lengthy and animated discussion, the question at issue being, "Shall the Genealogical Bureau be main­ tained as a separate organization, or shall it be consolidated with the Genealogical Committee?" Finally a vote was passed referring the matter to the President and Executive Committee with full power to decide. A biographical sketch of the late John Frederick Chamberlin of New York was read. The business meeting adjourned at five o'clock, and at six the members assembled for dinner.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wabanaki Confederacy
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Maine Maine History Volume 37 Number 3 Frank T. Siebert, Jr. (1912-1998) Article 13 12-1-1998 The Wabanaki Confederacy Willard Walker Weslyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistoryjournal Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Walker, Willard. "The Wabanaki Confederacy." Maine History 37, 3 (1998): 110-139. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistoryjournal/vol37/iss3/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WILLARD WALKER THE WABANAKI CONFEDERACY Willard Walker is a Professor of Anthropol­ ogy, Emeritus, at Wesleyan University who lives in Canaan, Maine. He did field work with the Great Whale River Crees in the 1950s and the Passamaquoddies in the 1960s. He wrote “The Proto-Algonquians ” in LINGUISTICS AND AN­ THROPOLOGY: IN HONOR OF C. F. VOEGELIN; “A Chronological Account of the Wabanaki Confederacy, nwithR. Conklingand G. Buesing in POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF NATIVE NORTH AMERICANS; “Gabriel Tomah’sJournal, ” MAN IN THE NORTHEAST (1981); “Literacy, Wampums, the gudebuk, and How Indians in the Far Northeast Read, ” AN­ THROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS (1984); and “Wabanaki Wampum Protocol, ” PAPERS OF THE 15TH ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE (1984). In a convincing assessment of Frank Speck’s Penobscot scholarship, Frank Siebert (1982) argues that its flaws can be attributed to Speck’s neglect of early documentary sources, his uncritical acceptance of informants’ assertions, his over-reliance on Newell Lyon, and his failure to consult more knowledgeable Penobscots.
    [Show full text]