more information - www.cambridge.org/9781107010550 Spec SD1 Date 26-july ERNesT HEMINGWAY IN CONTEXT Ernest Hemingway’s literary career was shaped by the remarkable contexts in which he lived, from the streets of suburban Chicago to the shores of the Caribbean islands, to the battlefields of World War I, Franco’s Spain, and World War II. This volume examines the various geographic, political, social, and literary contexts through which Hemingway crystallized his unmistakable narrative voice. Written by forty-four experts in Hemingway studies, the compre- hensive yet concise essays collected here explore how Hemingway is both a product and a critic of his times, touching on his relation- ship to matters of style, biography, letters, cinema, the arts, music, masculinity, sexuality, the environment, ethnicity and race, legacy, and women, among other topics. Fans, students, and scholars of Hemingway will turn to this reference time and again for a fuller understanding of this iconic American author. Debra A. Moddelmog is a professor of English at The Ohio State University. She is the author of Reading Desire: In Pursuit of Ernest Hemingway and has written a number of articles on Hemingway as well as on twentieth-century American literature, film, and pedagogy. Suzanne del Gizzo is an associate professor of English at Chestnut Hill College. She has published articles on twentieth-century liter- ature in journals such as Modern Fiction Studies, The Hemingway Review, and The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review. She is co-editor of Hemingway’s The Garden of Eden: 25 Years of Criticism. Spec SD1 Date 26-july Spec SD1 Date 26-july ERNesT HEMINGWAY IN CONTEXT EditEd by DEBRA A. MOddeLMOG The Ohio State University SUZANNE deL GIZZO Chestnut Hill College Spec SD1 Date 26-july cambridgE univErsity prEss Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny 10013-2473, USA www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107010550 © Cambridge University Press 2013 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2013 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data Moddelmog, Debra. Ernest Hemingway in context / Debra Moddelmog, Suzanne del Gizzo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-107-01055-0 (hardback) 1. Hemingway, Ernest, 1899–1961. I. Del Gizzo, Suzanne. II. Title. PS3515.E37Z7423 2013 813′.52–dc23 2012023653 ISBN 978-1-107-01055-0 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made to secure necessary permissions to reproduce copyright material in this work, although in some cases it has proved impossible to trace copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our attention, we will be happy to include appropriate acknowledgments in any subsequent edition. Spec SD1 Date 26-july Contents Figures page ix Notes on Contributors xi Preface xxiii Abbreviations xxix BIOGRAPHy AND LiFE 1. Chronology 3 Verna Kale 2. Biography 12 John Raeburn 3. Critical Overview of the Biographies 22 Lisa Tyler 4. Letters 33 Sandra Spanier 5. Reading 43 Gail Sinclair rEPREsENTATIONS: IN HIS TIME 6. Contemporary Reviews 55 Albert J. DeFazio III 7. Photos and Portraits 65 James Plath 8. Cinema and Adaptations 76 Jill Jividen v Spec SD1 Date 26-july vi Contents 9. Magazines 86 David M. Earle rEPREsENTATIONS: IN OUR TIME 10. Critical Overview 99 Kelli A. Larson 11. Styles 109 Milton A. Cohen 12. Cult and Afterlife 119 Suzanne del Gizzo 13. Houses and Museums 130 Frederic Svoboda 14. Posthumous Publications 141 Robert W. Trogdon INTELLECTUA L a nd a rtistic mOv EmENTS AND INFLuENCEs 15. Modernist Paris and the Expatriate Literary Milieu 153 J. Gerald Kennedy 16. Literary Friendships, Rivalries, and Feuds 163 Kirk Curnutt 17. Literary Movements 173 Carl P. Eby 18. Visual Arts 183 Lisa Narbeshuber 19 Music 193 Hilary K. Justice pOPULAR, CULTURAL, AND HISTORICAL cONTEXTS 20. Ailments, Accidents, and Suicide 207 Peter L. Hays 21. Animals 217 Ryan Hediger Spec SD1 Date 26-july Contents vii 22. Bullfighting 227 Miriam B. Mandel 23. The Environment 237 Susan F. Beegel 24. Fishing 247 Mark P. Ott 25. Food and Drink 257 Peter Messent 26. Hunting 267 Kevin Maier 27. Masculinity 277 Thomas Strychacz 28. Politics 287 Robert E. Fleming 29. Publishing Industry and Scribner’s 297 Leonard J. Leff 30. Race and Ethnicity: African Americans 307 Gary Edward Holcomb 31. Race and Ethnicity: Africans 315 Nghana tamu Lewis 32. Race and Ethnicity: American Indians 323 Amy Strong 33. Race and Ethnicity: Cubans 332 Ann Putnam 34. Race and Ethnicity: Jews 339 Jeremy Kaye 35. Religion 347 Matthew Nickel 36. Sex, Sexuality, and Marriage 357 Debra A. Moddelmog 37. Travel 367 Russ Pottle Spec SD1 Date 26-july viii Contents 38. Travel Writing 378 Emily O. Wittman 39. War: World War I 388 Alex Vernon 40. War: Spanish Civil War 395 Stacey Guill 41. War: World War II 402 James H. Meredith 42. Women 409 Nancy R. Comley rEsOURCES 43. Manuscripts and Collections 421 Susan Wrynn 44. The Hemingway Review and The Ernest Hemingway Foundation and Society 429 Charles M. Oliver Further Reading 435 Index 469 Spec SD1 Date 26-july Figures 7.1. Portrait of Ernest Hemingway by Yousuf Karsh. 1957 page 66 7.2. Portrait of Ernest Hemingway wearing hat by Helen Pierce Breaker. 1928 70 9.1. The Popular Magazine, cover. January 2, 1931 92 9.2. The Home Magazine, cover, and the article “Mother of Geniuses.” October 1931 95 12.1. Endorsement for Ballantine Ale. 1951 121 13.1. The Hemingway family cottage, “Windemere,” on Walloon Lake, MI. 1901 131 13.2. The Hemingway house on Kenilworth Avenue in Oak Park, IL. 1907 134 37.1. Endorsement for Pan American Airlines. 1956 372 43.1. The Hemingway Room at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in Boston, MA 425 ix Spec SD1 Date 26-july Notes on Contributors susan F. Beegel is an adjunct associate professor of English at the University of Idaho and editor of The Hemingway Review, an inter- nationally distributed scholarly journal on the work of Ernest Hemingway. She is the author or editor of four books and has pub- lished more than fifty-five articles on various aspects of nineteenth- and twentieth-century American literature. miLtOn a. Cohen, professor of literary studies at The University of Texas at Dallas, has written books on Hemingway (Hemingway’s Laboratory: The Paris in Our Time), Cummings (Poet and Painter: The Aesthetics of E. E. Cummings’s Early Work), and modernism (Movement, Manifesto, Melee: The Modernist Group 1910–1914). His most recent book is Beleaguered Poets and Leftist Critics: Stevens, Cummings, Frost, and Williams in the 1930s. nancy r. Comley is professor of English at Queens College of the City University of New York. She is co-author with Robert Scholes of Hemingway’s Genders (1994) and of articles on Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and other figures in modernist literature. KirK curnutt is a professor and the chair of English at Troy University’s Montgomery campus in Montgomery, Alabama. He is the author of thirteen books of fiction and criticism, including Coffee with Hemingway (2007), featuring a preface by the late John Updike, and Ernest Hemingway and the Expatriate Modernist Movement (2000). He also co-edited Key West Hemingway: A Reassessment (2009) with Gail D. Sinclair, a collection of essays that developed from the 2004 11th Biennial Hemingway Conference. In addition to serving on The Ernest Hemingway Foundation and Society board, he is the vice president of the F. Scott Fitzgerald Society and the managing editor of The F. Scott xi Spec SD1 Date 26-july xii Notes on Contributors Fitzgerald Review. He is currently at work on a reader’s guide to To Have and Have Not. AlbErt J. DeFaZiO III, term professor at George Mason University, is author of Literary Masterpieces: The Sun Also Rises (2000), editor of Dear Papa . Dear Hotch: The Ernest Hemingway/A. E. Hotchner Correspondence (2005), and associate editor of The Letters of Ernest Hemingway, Vol.1 1907–1922 (2011). He has published annotated bibli- ographies in The Hemingway Review, served on its editorial board, and edited The Hemingway Newsletter. His articles have appeared in Foreign Literatures Quarterly; Dictionary of Literary Biography Yearbook, 1999; and The Hemingway Review. He has published chapters in books such as Bibliography of American Fiction: 1919–1988 (1991), Approaches to Teaching The Sun Also Rises (2003), and A Historical Guide to F. Scott Fitzgerald. His bibliographic essays, “Fitzgerald and Hemingway,” in American Literary Scholarship: An Annual (1992–2001), cover every- thing written by or about the authors. suZannE del gizzo is an associate professor of English at Chestnut Hill College. She has published articles on twentieth-century literature in journals such as Modern Fiction Studies, The Hemingway Review, and The F. Scott Fitzgerald Review. She is co-editor of Hemingway’s The Garden of Eden: 25 Years of Criticism. david m. Earle is an associate professor of transatlantic modern- ism and print culture at the University of West Florida. He is author of Re-Covering Modernism: Pulps, Paperbacks, and the Prejudice of Form (2009) and All Man!: Hemingway, 1950s Men’s Magazines, and the Masculine Persona (2009).