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'I'he Cherokee Commission, 1889-1893

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'I'he Cherokee Commission, 1889-1893 ’I’he Cherokee Commission, 1889-1893 Berlin E. Chapman The Cherokee Commission was the most important com- mission in the federal management and disposition of the lands of Oklahoma Terri!ory. From May, 1890, to the dis- solution of the commission on November 7, 3893, that body made eleven agreements with Indians for dissolution of reservations in the Territory, all of which agreements were approved by Congress and incorporated in the United States Statzctes at Lccr.clc. The agreements involved more than fif- teen million acres and wer\e all negotiated on the part of the United States by David H. Jerome of Michigan, Warren G. Sayre of Indiana, and Alfred M. Wilson of Arkansas. Going behind the political scenes, we find that seven othei men, all Republicans, were appointed to serve on the com- missim, two others were asked to serve, and several hopeful applicants of both political parties were not appointed. Section fourteen 01 the Indian appropriation act of March 2, 1889, provided for the appointmmt of the Cherokee Commission to negotiate with the Cherokee and with other Indians owning or claiming lands lying west of the ninety- sixth degree of longitude in the Indian territory for the cession to the United States of all their titles, claim, or interest of every kind or character in and to said lands. For this purpose the President was “authcri;:ed to appoint three commissioners, not more than two of whom shall be members of the same political party.”’ In other wolds, the commission should consist of two Itepublicans and one Democrat. For the first time in eight years the Republicans controlled both branches of Congress. Strangely enough, Alfred M. \Yilson, Democratic mem- ber of the commission, was the only person to serve through- out the entire life of that body. It appears that the most potent factor in his securing the ;Ippointment was the follow iiig letter which Representative Samuel W. Pe’d of Arkansas addressed to the Secretary of the Interior, March 21, 1889: In connection with the application of the Hon. Alfred &I.Wilson for place on Cherokee Commission, I desire to say that he is one of the first men of the State, is a man of acknowledged ability and un- 1 United States Statutes at Lavge, XXV, 1005. Questioned ability and unquestioned integrity, resides at Fayetteville, Ark., in 25 miles of Cherokee Territory and has resided there for over 40 years. \Vas District Atty for \\’estern District of Ark. for many years and knows much of these Indian people. Many of the most prominent Cherokees mere educated at the Home Town of Mr. U’ilson and know him well. Amongst the prominent Indians of the Cherokees educated there are the Boudinotts [sic], ROSSS,Ridges, Adairs and Bells. There is no man within my knowledge equal to Mr. Wilson for this particular duty, bcii:g a good lawyer, fine judge of such property, and familiar with the various treaties with these people, peculiarly fits him for this place. Besides all this Mr. Secretary, as Chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs I drafted and placed this Commission on Indian appropriation bill, which was amend- cd in the Senate, and in conferences it was mutually understood be- tween conferees of both Houses that Senator Jones and myself at least ought to be allowed t3 name the Democratic member of the Commission and we then made it known that Hon. Alfred M. Wilson was the name we would pyesent. This considered with Mr. \Vilson’s high character and superior qualifications, I must respectfully and earnest[ly] ask his appointment.2 Wilson filed no personal application For the appointment, but during the fortnight before three appointments for th. commission were made on March 28, his supporters pre- sented rather. a formidable front. The following letter was signed by Senators James K. Jones and James H. Eerry of Arkansas,‘ and Peel and addressed to the President on March 14 : ‘LForthe democratic member of the Commission. .we beg to rlecommend the Hon. A. M. Wilson of Fayetteville, Ark. Mr. Wilson is a man of age and experieme, once being U. S. Dist. Atty. fov Western District of Ark. Knows much of Cherokee people. lIis ability, integrity and good moral character is first class.” About March 20, the iollowing sentence, in the handwriting of Jones, was addressed to the President: “We respectfully yequest the appointment o€ Hon. A. M. Wilson of Arkansas to be a member of the Corn., lo negotiatcl with the Cherokees for the sale of the Cherokee strip.” Appended thereto arc the signatures of Jones, Peel, Berry, and Senators, R. L. 2 A Miscellaneous File is in the National Archives, Appointment Division, Department of Interior, in which may be found in alpha- betical order the papers of several persons who were under consideration for membership in the Cherokee Commission. Unless otherwise stated, this file is the source from which material was taken. Letters of cndorsement were usually written on official stationery, apparently in considerable haste. Jones was a member of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs; Berry a member of the Senate Committee on Public Lands. Gibson of Louisiana, James R. Beck of Kentucky, Charles J. Faulkner of West Virginia, George Gray of Delaware, John S. Earbour of Virginia, W. E. Eate of Tennessee, and D. \$‘. Voorhees of Indiana, all Ilemocrats. On March 22, Poinclcxtei- Dunn, recently a Representa- tive from Arkansas, wrote to the Secretary of the Interior saying that Wilson had resided all his life in the immediate neighborhood of the Indians and the lands in question, was strictly hon’est, and that the department would be fortunate to secure his services. On the same day Representative Ben- jamin F. Shively, Democrat from Indiana, and Representa- tive E. W. Perkins, Republican from Kansas and chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, each wrote an endorse- ment for Wilson. Anothw endorsement on that day carried the signatures of W. P. Taulbee’ of Kentucky, and Reprc- sentatives W. S. Holman of Indiana and Eenjamin €utter- worth of Ohio. John F. Erown, “Principal Chief of Seminole Nation and Delegate” and Pleasant Porter, Delegate of Creek Na- tion, wrote a letter from Washington to the Secretary ol‘ the Interior on Mai-ch 24, iwommending Wilson for “the democratic niember” of the commission. Two endorsements for Wilson came from Fort Smith, Arkansas, on March 25. One was a four-page letter by Judge J. J. Parker on sta- tionery of the “United States Coui-ts.” The other, from E. C. Boudinot, Cherokee lawyer, was as follows : I think I am authorized to say in behalf of the Cherokees that the appointment of Alfred M. Wilson of Fayelteville, Arkansas, as one of the commissioners to treat with the Cheiokees for a cession of the Cherokee Outlet of the United States, would he eminently satisfactory to all the Cherokee people. He is well known to them as a just, honest, and very able lawyer, and gentleman. President Harrison on March 28 appointed George I). Robin- son as chairman of the commission, and J. Otis Humphrey and Wilson as members of it.? 4 Taulbee was a Rcpresentative from Kentucky, whose term ex- pired March 3, 1889. Peel and Shively were members of the Com- mittee on Indian Affairs. Perkins replaced Peel as chairman. Holman, a Democrat, was a member of the Committee on the Public Lands. 5 On March 27, E. €3. Harrison, businessman of Fayetteville, “an Ex Union Soldier and a life long Republican,” sent the Secretary of the 1nteri:r a vigQrous endorsement of Wilson, saying that it was written without solicitation (or even knowledge) on the part of Col. Wilson.” March 30 brought U’ilson a belated endorsement from Representative John H. Rogers of Fort Smith, which closed with this sentence: “I can not say more of any one, than of him.” From archival rccoi.ds it appears that Wilson’s chief competitors were three Democrats, none of whom made direct application for. appointment. Hernando De Soto Money, former Congiwsman from Mississippi and a Washington lawyer, was endorsed by the petition of twenty-four Demo- cratic senators, and by Republican Senators John Sherman, John P. Jones, Henry \V. Blair, William M. Stewart, and John H. Mitchell. J. W. Throckmorton, former governor of Texas, was endorsed by Senators Richard Coke and John H. Regan o€ his state, and by prominent Republicans of his home town, McKinney. Also he had the endorsement oi Senators J. N. Dolph, C. C. Farwell, 11. M. Teller, and Pres- ton E. Plumb, chairman (JE the Committee on Public Lands. J. C. Jamison, who had been for four years the Adjutant General of Missouri, on March 6 wrote to John B. Hender- son that on the pi:evious day the Republicans of the Senate and House of the Missouri legislature did me the grateful courtesy without my solicitation to unanimously united in a request for my appointment on the Commission. .Since a Democrat must be appointed under the provisions of the bill, I feel that my claims are as just as those of any other Democrat’s and if my Republican friends will stand to me I will get it. On the same day a petition for Jamison’s appointment, signed by eight state senators and 32 representatives, was addressed to President Harrison. D. P. Dyer wrote cn the petition that Jamison “was a brave soldier (on the wrong side during the war) and is a good citizen now.” The fact that John W. Noble, Secretary of the Interior, was from Missouri probably made the outlo3k more hopeful. Jamison, as one of his €riends put it, was “true blue; is capable; is out of eni- ployment.” Within a few days a dozen of his friends had written Senator Francis &I.Cockrell of Missouri, or Noble, urging his appointment.
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