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Dangerously Free: Outlaws and Nation-Making in Literature of the Indian Territory
DANGEROUSLY FREE: OUTLAWS AND NATION-MAKING IN LITERATURE OF THE INDIAN TERRITORY by Jenna Hunnef A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of English University of Toronto © Copyright by Jenna Hunnef 2016 Dangerously Free: Outlaws and Nation-Making in Literature of the Indian Territory Jenna Hunnef Doctor of Philosophy Department of English University of Toronto 2016 Abstract In this dissertation, I examine how literary representations of outlaws and outlawry have contributed to the shaping of national identity in the United States. I analyze a series of texts set in the former Indian Territory (now part of the state of Oklahoma) for traces of what I call “outlaw rhetorics,” that is, the political expression in literature of marginalized realities and competing visions of nationhood. Outlaw rhetorics elicit new ways to think the nation differently—to imagine the nation otherwise; as such, I demonstrate that outlaw narratives are as capable of challenging the nation’s claims to territorial or imaginative title as they are of asserting them. Borrowing from Abenaki scholar Lisa Brooks’s definition of “nation” as “the multifaceted, lived experience of families who gather in particular places,” this dissertation draws an analogous relationship between outlaws and domestic spaces wherein they are both considered simultaneously exempt from and constitutive of civic life. In the same way that the outlaw’s alternately celebrated and marginal status endows him or her with the power to support and eschew the stories a nation tells about itself, so the liminality and centrality of domestic life have proven effective as a means of consolidating and dissenting from the status quo of the nation-state. -
Redbird Sixkiller Was Born on July 1, 1807 in Cherokee Nation East, Near Lookout Mountain, Georgia
Redbird A06 Sixkiller 1868 Washington, DC Redbird Sixkiller was born on July 1, 1807 in Cherokee Nation East, near Lookout Mountain, Georgia. As a youth he attended elementary and secondary school in that area, and later he received a scholarship from the Guess Family, a Quaker family, and attended school in New Ark, Delaware, where he studied law and phi- losophy. About 1836, just prior to the Cherokee Removal, Redbird married Pamelia Whaley. She was also born in the Cherokee Nation East. In 1837 Red- bird and Pamelia were informed that they would be forcibly removed from Georgia and would be relocated to Indian Territory, west of the Missis- sippi River. The Indian Removal has become known as The Trail of Tears. Redbird and Pamelia arrived in the Goingsnake District of Indian Territory in the Spring of 1838. They settled near the present day village of Westville, Oklahoma, where they raised a family of eight, five boys and three girls. In 1861 the Civil War started. One would think that an Indian who had been forcibly evicted from his home in Georgia and moved to Indian Territory would not have warm feelings about the United States. Redbird enlisted in the Union Army, and after training he was commissioned a First Lieutenant in the Union Artillery of the Second Brigade. Redbird’s son Samuel served as an enlisted man in the same unit. Redbird served in the Union Army from July 11,1862 until May 31,1865. He was mustered out at Fort Gibson, Indian Territory. His unit was in the battle of Newtonia, Missouri during Sept. -
The Free State of Winston"
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 2019 Rebel Rebels: Race, Resistance, and Remembrance in "The Free State of Winston" Susan Neelly Deily-Swearingen University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Deily-Swearingen, Susan Neelly, "Rebel Rebels: Race, Resistance, and Remembrance in "The Free State of Winston"" (2019). Doctoral Dissertations. 2444. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2444 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REBEL REBELS: RACE, RESISTANCE, AND REMEMBRANCE IN THE FREE STATE OF WINSTON BY SUSAN NEELLY DEILY-SWEARINGEN B.A., Brandeis University M.A., Brown University M.A., University of New Hampshire DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History May 2019 This dissertation has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in History by: Dissertation Director, J. William Harris, Professor of History Jason Sokol, Professor of History Cynthia Van Zandt, Associate Professor of History and History Graduate Program Director Gregory McMahon, Professor of Classics Victoria E. Bynum, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of History, Texas State University, San Marcos On April 18, 2019 Original approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. -
Trailword.Pdf
NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. _X___ New Submission ____ Amended Submission ======================================================================================================= A. Name of Multiple Property Listing ======================================================================================================= Historic and Historical Archaeological Resources of the Cherokee Trail of Tears ======================================================================================================= B. Associated Historic Contexts ======================================================================================================= (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) See Continuation Sheet ======================================================================================================= C. Form Prepared by ======================================================================================================= -
The Consequences of Appalachian Representation in Pop Culture
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--English English 2017 STRANGERS WITH CAMERAS: THE CONSEQUENCES OF APPALACHIAN REPRESENTATION IN POP CULTURE Chelsea L. Brislin University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2017.252 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Brislin, Chelsea L., "STRANGERS WITH CAMERAS: THE CONSEQUENCES OF APPALACHIAN REPRESENTATION IN POP CULTURE" (2017). Theses and Dissertations--English. 59. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/59 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the English at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--English by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. -
A Requiem for Indigenous Treaty Rights
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications Jepson School of Leadership Studies 1999 The Reinvigoration of the Doctrine of Implied Repeals: A Requiem for Indigenous Treaty Rights David E. Wilkins University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/jepson-faculty-publications Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, and the Leadership Studies Commons Recommended Citation Wilkins, David E. “The Reinvigoration of the Doctrine of Implied Repeals: A Requiem for Indigenous Treaty Rights.” The American Journal of Legal History 43, no. 1 (January 1999), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.2307/ 846128 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Jepson School of Leadership Studies at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Reinvigoration of the Doctrine of 'Implied Repeals:' A Requiem for Indigenous Treaty Rights by DAVID E. WILKINS* INTRODUCTION America's indigenous nations occupy a distinctive political/legal sta- tus within the United States as separate sovereigns whose rights are based in the doctrine of inherent tribal sovereignty, affirmed in hundreds of rati- fied treaties and agreements, acknowledged in the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, and recognized in ample federal legislation and case law. Ironically, while indigenous sovereignty is neither constitution- ally defined or delimited, it may be restricted or enhanced by federal law. -
POSTAL BULLET7N PUMJSWD SINM MARCH 4,1880 PB 21850-Svnmhii 16,1993 OCT 1 11993
P 1.3: 21850 POSTAL BULLET7N PUMJSWD SINM MARCH 4,1880 PB 21850-SvnMHii 16,1993 OCT 1 11993 CONTENTS f«^e I |i pr-s«s Risip^/f^? y M ^&k fiip^fE^rl |! I! H |Nft Wif Treasury Department Checks Administrative Services ^^^OO^S^D October Social Security benefit checks nor- 1994 Year Type for Hand Stamp and Canceling Machines 2 ' Credit Card Policies and Procedures (Handbook AS-709 Revision) 2 mal|Y delivered on the third of the month are Issuance of Management Instructions 1 scheduled for delivery on Friday, October 1. The Customer Services envelopes will bear the legend: AIDS Awareness Postage Stamp 6 Postmaster: Requested delivery date is Customer Satisfaction Posters and Standup Talks 9 ^ _»u Mai) A|ert ;, 8 tne 1st daY of tne month. Missing Children Poster 37 Civil Service annuity and Railroad Retirement National Consumers Week 3 checks are scheduled for delivery on the normal Treasury Department Checks 1 . ,. x _.. _ A . * , Domestic Mail delivery date, Friday, October 1. The envelopes Authorizations to Prepare Mail on Pallets (Correction) 15 wil1bea r the legend: Conditions Applied to Mail Addressed to Military Post Offices Overseas 16 Postmaster: Requested delivery date is Express Mail Security Measures,(DMMT Correction) 12 the 1 st day of the month or Flat Mail Barcodmg—85 Percent Qualification 13 ' Metered Stamp Barcode Errors 13 the first delivery date there- Postage Stamp Conversions (DMM Revision) 11 after. Revised Post Office to Addressee Express Mail Label 14 Soda| Securjt benefjt checks are ^^^^ Special Cancellations 13 ' United States Navy: Change in Mailing Status 10 for delivery on the normal delivery date, Fnday, Fraud Alerts October 1. -
Cherokee Genealogy Resource Presentation
FindingFinding youryour CherokeeCherokee AncestorsAncestors ““MyMy GrandmotherGrandmother waswas aa CherokeeCherokee Princess!Princess! ”” WhereWhere toto begin?begin? Information to collect: Names (including maiden names of females) Date and place of birth Date and place of marriage Date and place of death Names of siblings (i.e., brothers and sisters) and Rolls and Roll Numbers SampleSample IndividualIndividual InformationInformation Name:Name: WilliamWilliam CoxCox Born:Born: 77--JuneJune --18941894 inin DelawareDelaware Dist,Dist, CherokeeCherokee NationNation Married:Married: 1515 --OctoberOctober --19191919 inin BlountBlount County,County, TennesseeTennessee toto PollyPolly MorrisMorris Died:Died: 33--AprilApril --19731973 inin Nashville,Nashville, TennesseeTennessee RollRoll // CensusCensus Information:Information: 18961896 CensusCensus // DelawareDelaware DistDist -- RollRoll #517#517 BirthBirth RecordsRecords Oklahoma birth records have been kept since 1925 and are availab le from: Division of Vital Records Oklahoma State Dept. of Health 100 NE 10th Ave PO Box 53551 Oklahoma City, OK 73152 -3551 NOTE: Before 1947, all birth records are filed under the father' s name. After 1947, all birth records are filed under the child's name. Birth Affidavits for Minor Cherokees born (1902 to 1906) were in cluded in the Dawes Applications, and are available from: Oklahoma Historical Society 2401 N Laird Oklahoma City, OK 73105 -4997 Guion Miller Applications also include birthdates and proof of family relationships. These are available -
Bridging the Digital Divide in Rural Appalachia: Internet Usage in the Mountains Jacob J
Informing Science InSITE - “Where Parallels Intersect” June 2003 Bridging the Digital Divide in Rural Appalachia: Internet Usage in the Mountains Jacob J. Podber, Ph.D. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA [email protected] Abstract This project looks at Internet usage within the Melungeon community of Appalachia. Although much has been written on the coal mining communities of Appalachia and on ethnicity within the region, there has been little written on electronic media usage by Appalachian communities, most notably the Melun- geons. The Melungeons are a group who settled in the Appalachian Mountains as early as 1492, of apparent Mediterranean descent. Considered by some to be tri-racial isolates, to a certain extent, Melungeons have been culturally constructed, and largely self-identified. According to the founder of a popular Me- lungeon Web site, the Internet has proven an effective tool in uncovering some of the mysteries and folklore surrounding the Melungeon community. This Web site receives more than 21,000 hits a month from Melungeons or others interested in the group. The Melungeon community, triggered by recent books, films, and video documentaries, has begun to use the Internet to trace their genealogy. Through the use of oral history interviews, this study examines how Melungeons in Appalachia use the Internet to connect to others within their community and to the world at large. Keywords : Internet, media, digital divide, Appalachia, rural, oral history, ethnography, sociology, com- munity Introduction In Rod Carveth and Susan Kretchmer’s paper “The Digital Divide in Western Europe,” (presented at the 2002 International Summer Conference on Communication and Technology) the authors examined how age, income and gender were predictors of the digital divide in Western Europe. -
Seal of the Cherokee Nation
Chronicles of Ohhorna SEAL OF THE CHEROKEE NATION A reproduction in colors of the Seal of the Cherokee Nation appears on the front coyer of this summer number of The Chronicles, made from the original painting in the Museum of the Oklahoma Historical Society.' The official Cherokee Seal is centered by a large seven-pointed star surrounded by a wreath of oak leaves, the border encircling this central device bearing the words "Seal of the Cherokee Nation" in English and seven characters of the Sequoyah alphabet which form two words in Cherokee. These seven charactem rspresenting syllables from Sequoyah's alphabet are phonetically pronounced in English ' ' Tw-la-gi-hi A-ye-li " and mean " Cherokee Nation" in the native language. At the lower part of the circular border is the date "Sept. 6, 1839," that of the adoption of the Constitution of the Cherokee Nation, West. Interpretation of the de~icein this seal is found in Cherokee folklore and history. Ritual songs in certain ancient tribal cere- monials and songs made reference to seven clans, the legendary beginnings of the Cherokee Nation whose country early in the historic period took in a wide area now included in the present eastern parts of Tennessee and Kentucky, the western parts of Virginia and the Carolinas, as well as extending over into what are now northern sections of Georgia and Alabama. A sacred fire was kept burning in the "Town House" at a central part of the old nation, logs of the live oak, a hardwood timber in the region, laid end to end to keep the fire going. -
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma Hosts Keetoowah Cherokee Language Classes Throughout the Tribal Jurisdictional Area on an Ongoing Basis
OKLAHOMA INDIAN TRIBE EDUCATION GUIDE United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma (Oklahoma Social Studies Standards, OSDE) Tribe: United Keetoowah (ki-tu’-wa ) Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma Tribal website(s): www.keetoowahcherokee.org 1. Migration/movement/forced removal Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.3 “Integrate visual and textual evidence to explain the reasons for and trace the migrations of Native American peoples including the Five Tribes into present-day Oklahoma, the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and tribal resistance to the forced relocations.” Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.7 “Compare and contrast multiple points of view to evaluate the impact of the Dawes Act which resulted in the loss of tribal communal lands and the redistribution of lands by various means including land runs as typified by the Unassigned Lands and the Cherokee Outlet, lotteries, and tribal allotments.” Original Homeland Archeologists say that Keetoowah/Cherokee families began migrating to a new home in Arkansas by the late 1790's. A Cherokee delegation requested the President divide the upper towns, whose people wanted to establish a regular government, from the lower towns who wanted to continue living traditionally. On January 9, 1809, the President of the United States allowed the lower towns to send an exploring party to find suitable lands on the Arkansas and White Rivers. Seven of the most trusted men explored locations both in what is now Western Arkansas and also Northeastern Oklahoma. The people of the lower towns desired to remove across the Mississippi to this area, onto vacant lands within the United States so that they might continue the traditional Cherokee life. -
Extension Activity
Extension Activity - How the Banjo Became White Rhiannon Giddens is a multi-instrumentalist, singer, and found- ing member of the old-time music group Carolina Chocolate Drops. In 2017 she was awarded the Macarthur “Genius” Grant. Below are excerpts from a keynote address she gave at the 2017 International Bluegrass Music Association Conference, where she discusses the erasure of African Americans in the history of bluegrass, a genre that predominantly features the banjo. So more and more of late, the question has been asked: how do we get more diversity in bluegrass? Which of course, behind the hand, is really, why is bluegrass so white??? But the answer doesn’t lie in right now. Before we can look to the future, we need to understand the past. To understand how the banjo, which was once the ultimate symbol of African American musical expression, has done a 180 in popular understanding and become the emblem of the mythical white mountaineer—even now, in the age of Mumford and Sons, and Béla Fleck in Africa, and Taj Mahal’s “Colored Aristocracy,” the average person on the street sees a banjo and still thinks Deliverance, or The Beverly Hillbillies. In order to understand the history of the banjo and the history of bluegrass music, we need to move beyond the narratives we’ve inherited, beyond generalizations that bluegrass is mostly derived from a Scots-Irish tradition, with “influences” from Africa. It is actually a complex creole music that comes from multiple cultures, African and European and Native; the full truth that is so much more interesting, and American.