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Hawaii 1 Hawaii This article is about the U.S. state of Hawaii. For the island of Hawaiʻi, see Hawaii (island). For other uses, see Hawaii (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Hawaiki. Coordinates: 21°18′41″N 157°47′47″W [1] State of Hawaii Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi Flag Seal Nickname(s): The Aloha State (official), Paradise, The Islands of Aloha Motto(s): Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono ("The Life of the Land is Perpetuated in Righteousness") State anthem: "Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī (Hawaiʻi’s Own True Sons)" Official language English, Hawaiian [2] Demonym Hawaiian (see notes) Capital Honolulu (and largest city) Largest metro Oahu metropolitan area Area Ranked 43rd - Total 10,931 sq mi (28,311 km2) - Width n/a miles (n/a km) - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km) - % water 41.2 Hawaii 2 - Latitude 18° 55′ N to 28° 27′ N - Longitude 154° 48′ W to 178° 22′ W Population Ranked 40th - Total 1,404,054 (2013 est) - Density 214/sq mi (82.6/km2) Ranked 13th - Median household income $63,746 (5th) Elevation [3][4] - Highest point Mauna Kea 13,796 ft (4205.0 m) - Mean 3,030 ft (920 m) - Lowest point Pacific Ocean sea level Before statehood Territory of Hawaii Admission to Union August 21, 1959 (50th) Governor Neil Abercrombie (D) Lieutenant Governor Shan Tsutsui (D) Legislature State Legislature - Upper house Senate - Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Brian Schatz (D) Mazie Hirono (D) U.S. House delegation 1: Colleen Hanabusa (D) 2: Tulsi Gabbard (D) (list) Time zone Hawaii: UTC −10 (no DST) Abbreviations HI, US-HI [5] Website www.hawaii.gov Hawaii state symbols Animal and Plant insignia Bird(s) Hawaiian Goose Fish Humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa Flower(s) Hawaiian hibiscus Mammal(s) Humpback whale, Hawaiian monk seal Reptile Gold dust day geckoWikipedia:Citation needed Tree Kukui nut tree Inanimate insignia Food Coconut muffinWikipedia:Citation needed Gemstone Black coral Slogan(s) The Islands of AlohaWikipedia:Citation needed Hawaii 3 Soil HiloWikipedia:Citation needed Song(s) Hawaiʻi Ponoʻi Sport Surfing, Outrigger canoeing Tartan Hawaii State Tartan (unofficial) Route marker(s) State Quarter Released in 2008 Lists of United States state symbols Hawaii ( i/həˈwaɪ.iː/ or /həˈwaɪʔiː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [hɐˈvɐiʔi]) is the 50th and most recent U.S. state to join the United States. It joined the Union on August 21, 1959. It is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii’s diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches, oceanic surroundings, and [6] active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists, Hawaii from space, January 26, 2014 (wind) surfers, biologists, and volcanologists alike. Due to its mid-Pacific location, Hawaii has many North American and Asian influences along with its own vibrant native culture. Hawaii has over a million permanent residents, along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui and the Island of Hawaiʻi. The last is the largest and is often called the "Big Island" to avoid confusing the island with the state or archipelago. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. Hawaii is the 8th-smallest, the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. Hawaii's ocean coastline is about 750 miles (1,210 km) long, which is fourth in the United States after those of Alaska, Florida and California. Hawaii is the only U.S. state not located in the Americas and the only state with an Asian plurality. It and Arizona are the only two states that do not observe daylight saving time, and Hawaii and Alaska are the only two states that are not in the contiguous United States. Hawaii 4 Etymology The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi derives from Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, with the reconstructed meaning "homeland";[7] Hawaiʻi cognates are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori (Hawaiki), Rarotongan (ʻAvaiki), and Samoan (Savaiʻi). (See also Hawaiki). According to Pukui and Elbert, "Elsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the ancestral home, but in Hawaii, the name has no meaning."[8] Spelling of state name A somewhat divisive political issue arose when the constitution of the state of Hawaii added Hawaiian as a second official state language: the exact spelling of the state's name, which in the islands' language is Hawaiʻi (the ʻokina marking a Hawaiian consonant, a cut-off of breath before the final i). In the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the federal government recognized Hawaii to be the official state name. Akaka Falls Official government publications, as well as department and office titles, use the traditional Hawaiian spelling, with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length. In contrast, the National and State Parks Services, the University of Hawaiʻi, and some private entities, including a local newspaper, do use such symbols. The title of the state constitution is "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii". In Article XV, Section 1 uses "The State of Hawaii", Section 2 "the island of Oahu", Section 3 "The Hawaiian flag", and Section 5 specifies the state motto as "Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono". Since these documents predate the modern use of the ʻokina and the kahakō in Hawaiian orthography, the diacritics were not used. On the other hand, precedent for U.S. state name changes were set in 1780 when the Massachusetts Bay State changed its name to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and in the 1820s when the Territory of Arkansaw changed the spelling of its name to the Territory of Arkansas. Geography and environment The main Hawaiian Islands are: Island Nickname Area Population Density Highest Elevation Age Location [9] (as of point (Ma) 2010) Hawaiʻi The Big 4,028.0 sq mi 185,079 45.948/sq mi Mauna Kea 13,796 ft 0.4 19°34′N [10] Island (10,432.5 km2) (17.7407/km2) (4,205 m) 155°30′W Maui The Valley 727.2 sq mi 144,444 198.630/sq mi Haleakalā 10,023 ft 1.3–0.8 20°48′N [11] Isle (1,883.4 km2) (76.692/km2) (3,055 m) 156°20′W Oʻahu The Gathering 596.7 sq mi 953,207 1,597.46/sq mi Mount 4,003 ft 3.7–2.6 21°28′N [12] Place (1,545.4 km2) (616.78/km2) Kaʻala (1,220 m) 157°59′W Kauaʻi The Garden 552.3 sq mi 66,921 121.168/sq mi Kawaikini 5,243 ft 5.1 22°05′N [13] Isle (1,430.5 km2) (46.783/km2) (1,598 m) 159°30′W Hawaii 5 Molokaʻi The Friendly 260.0 sq mi 7,345 28.250/sq mi Kamakou 4,961 ft 1.9–1.8 21°08′N [14] Isle (673.4 km2) (10.9074/km2) (1,512 m) 157°02′W Lānaʻi The Pineapple 140.5 sq mi 3,135 22.313/sq mi Lānaʻihale 3,366 ft 1.3 20°50′N [15] Isle (363.9 km2) (8.615/km2) (1,026 m) 156°56′W Niʻihau The 69.5 sq mi 170 2.45/sq mi Mount 1,250 ft 4.9 21°54′N [16] Forbidden Isle (180.0 km2) (0.944/km2) Pānīʻau (381 m) 160°10′W Kahoʻolawe The Target 44.6 sq mi 0 0 Puʻu 1,483 ft 1.0 20°33′N [17] Isle (115.5 km2) Moaulanui (452 m) 156°36′W A true-color satellite view of Hawaii shows that most of the vegetation on the islands grows on the northeast sides which face the wind. The silver glow around the southwest of the islands is the The Hawaiian Islands are located in the North Pacific Ocean result of calmer waters. An archipelago situated some 2,000 mi (3,200 km) southwest of the North American mainland, Hawaii is the southernmost state of the United States and the second westernmost state after Alaska. Hawaii, along with Alaska, does not border any other U.S. state. Nā Pali coast, Kauaʻi Hawaii 6 Hawaii is the only state of the United States that is not geographically located in North America, grows coffee, is completely surrounded by water, is entirely an archipelago, has royal palaces, and does not have a straight line in its state boundary. Panorama of the Haleakala crater Hawaii’s tallest mountain, Mauna Kea, stands at 13,796 ft (4,205 m) but is taller than Mount Everest if followed to the base of the mountain, which, lying at the floor of the Pacific Ocean, rises about 33,500 ft (10,200 m). The eight main islands, Hawaiʻi, Maui, Oʻahu, Kahoʻolawe, Lanaʻi, Molokaʻi, Kauaʻi and Niʻihau are accompanied by many others. Kaʻula is a small island near Niʻihau that is often overlooked. The Northwest Hawaiian Islands are a series of nine small, older masses northwest of Kauaʻi that extend from Nihoa to Kure that are remnants of once much larger volcanic mountains. There are also more than 100 small rocks and islets, such as Molokini, that are either volcanic, marine sedimentary or erosional in origin, totaling 130 or so across the archipelago.
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