Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals
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Blacks and Asians in Mississippi Masala, Barriers to Coalition Building
Both Edges of the Margin: Blacks and Asians in Mississippi Masala, Barriers to Coalition Building Taunya Lovell Bankst Asians often take the middle position between White privilege and Black subordination and therefore participate in what Professor Banks calls "simultaneous racism," where one racially subordinatedgroup subordi- nates another. She observes that the experience of Asian Indian immi- grants in Mira Nair's film parallels a much earlier Chinese immigrant experience in Mississippi, indicatinga pattern of how the dominantpower uses law to enforce insularityamong and thereby control different groups in a pluralistic society. However, Banks argues that the mere existence of such legal constraintsdoes not excuse the behavior of White appeasement or group insularityamong both Asians and Blacks. Instead,she makes an appealfor engaging in the difficult task of coalition-buildingon political, economic, socialand personallevels among minority groups. "When races come together, as in the present age, it should not be merely the gathering of a crowd; there must be a bond of relation, or they will collide...." -Rabindranath Tagore1 "When spiders unite, they can tie up a lion." -Ethiopian proverb I. INTRODUCTION In the 1870s, White land owners recruited poor laborers from Sze Yap or the Four Counties districts in China to work on plantations in the Mis- sissippi Delta, marking the formal entry of Asians2 into Mississippi's black © 1998 Asian Law Journal, Inc. I Jacob A. France Professor of Equality Jurisprudence, University of Maryland School of Law. The author thanks Muriel Morisey, Maxwell Chibundu, and Frank Wu for their suggestions and comments on earlier drafts of this Article. 1. -
The Color of Nationality: Continuities and Discontinuities of Citizenship in Hawaiʻi
The Color of Nationality: Continuities and Discontinuities of Citizenship in Hawaiʻi A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DECEMBER 2014 By WILLY DANIEL KAIPO KAUAI Dissertation Committee: Neal Milner, Chairperson David Keanu Sai Deborah Halbert Charles Lawrence III Melody MacKenzie Puakea Nogelmeier Copyright ii iii Acknowledgements The year before I began my doctoral program there were less than fifty PhD holders in the world that were of aboriginal Hawaiian descent. At the time I didn’t realize the ramifications of such a grimacing statistic in part because I really didn’t understand what a PhD was. None of my family members held such a degree, and I didn’t know any PhD’s while I was growing up. The only doctors I knew were the ones that you go to when you were sick. I learned much later that the “Ph” in “PhD” referred to “philosophy,” which in Greek means “Love of Wisdom.” The Hawaiian equivalent of which, could be “aloha naʻauao.” While many of my family members were not PhD’s in the Greek sense, many of them were experts in the Hawaiian sense. I never had the opportunity to grow up next to a loko iʻa, or a lo’i, but I did grow up amidst paniolo, who knew as much about makai as they did mauka. Their deep knowledge and aloha for their wahi pana represented an unparalleled intellectual capacity for understanding the interdependency between land and life. -
Blacks in Hawai'i: a Demographic and Historical Perspective
ELEANOR C. NORDYKE Blacks in Hawai'i: A Demographic and Historical Perspective WHILE ALL RACIAL GROUPS IN HAWAI'I in the late twentieth century are minorities, Blacks represent one of the smallest populations in the State. In 1980, Blacks in Hawai'i were counted by the United States census at 17,364 persons, or 1.8 percent of the total State population (Table i).1 This contrasts with a 1980 United States total of 26,495,025 Blacks, comprising 11.7 percent of the total population in the nation.2 The Hawai'i Health Surveillance Program, using a sample survey in 1985, reported the presence of 24,215 Blacks in the Islands, of whom 86.4 percent were members of the armed forces or military dependents.3 After the arrival of Captain James Cook's exploratory expedition in 1778, the Hawaiian Islands were opened to foreign visitors and new inhabitants. Blacks first sailed to the Islands as crew members of merchant ships in the early 19th century, and a few left their vessels to become residents of the Islands. The Hawaiian term haole 'ele'ele (foreign black) was coined at that time to refer to these newcomers.4 One of the earliest businessmen in Hawai'i in 1810 was Anthony D. Allen, a man of Black heritage from German Flats, New York.5 Eleanor C. Nor dyke is a Research Fellow at the Population Institute of the East-West Center and is the author of The Peopling of Hawaii (1977). The Hawaiian Journal of History, vol. 22 (1988) 241 242 THE HAWAIIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY TABLE 1. -
2010 Census Brief, the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010 Issued May 2012 2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-12 INTRODUCTION By Lindsay Hixson, Figure 1. According to the 2010 Census, Bradford B. Hepler, Reproduction of the Question on and 1.2 million people in the United Race From the 2010 Census Myoung Ouk Kim States identified as Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, either alone or in combination with one or more other races. The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population was the race group most likely to report multiple races in 2010, as more than half (56 percent) reported multiple races. The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population was one of the fastest- growing race groups between 2000 and 2010. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census questionnaire. This report provides a portrait of the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population in the United which was one of the first 2010 Census States and discusses that population’s data products to provide information on selected detailed groups, such as Tongans, distribution at the national level and at 3 lower levels of geography.1 It is part of a Marshallese, and Fijians. series that analyzes population and hous- UNDERSTANDING RACE DATA ing data collected from the 2010 Census. FROM THE 2010 CENSUS The data for this report are based on the 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public The 2010 Census used federal standards to collect and present Law 94-171) Summary File, which was the data on race. first 2010 Census data product released with data on race and Hispanic origin, For the 2010 Census, the question on including information on the Native race was asked of individuals living Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander popu- in the United States (see Figure 1). -
Tennessee Social Studies Standards
Tennessee Social Studies Standards Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Grades K-8 Standards Kindergarten ..................................................................................................... 20 First Grade ........................................................................................................ 26 Second Grade ................................................................................................... 33 Third Grade ....................................................................................................... 41 Fourth Grade ..................................................................................................... 51 Fifth Grade ........................................................................................................ 62 Sixth Grade ....................................................................................................... 75 Seventh Grade .................................................................................................. 88 Eighth Grade ..................................................................................................... 101 Grades 9-12 Standards African American History ................................................................................... 116 Ancient History .................................................................................................. 127 Contemporary Issues ....................................................................................... -
Prisoners in 2018 E
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics April 2020, NCJ 253516 Bulletin Prisoners in 2018 E. Ann Carson, Ph.D., BJS Statistician rom the end of 2017 to the end of 2018, FIGURE 1 the total prison population in the United Combined state and federal imprisonment rate States declined from 1,489,200 to 1,465,200, per 100,000 U.S. residents of a given race or Fa decrease of 24,000 prisoners. Tis was a 1.6% ethnicity, 2008-2018 decline in the prison population and marked the 2 000 fourth consecutive annual decrease of at least 1%. , Black Te combined federal and state imprisonment rate, 1,500 based on sentenced prisoners (those sentenced to more than one year), fell 2.4% from 2017 to 2018, declining from 441 to 431 prisoners per 100,000 1,000 Hispanic U.S. residents. Across a decade, the imprisonment Total* rate—the proportion of U.S. residents who are in 500 prison—fell 15%, from 506 sentenced prisoners White in 2008 to 431 in 2018 per 100,000 U.S. residents 0 (fgure 1). During that time, the imprisonment ’08 ’09 ’10 ’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 rate dropped 28% among black residents, 21% Note: Rates are based on prisoners sentenced to serve more among Hispanic residents, and 13% among white than one year in state or federal prison. See table 5 for rates from 2008 to 2018. residents. It also dropped among both men (down *Includes all races, including those not shown separately in 15%) and women (down 9%). -
Westfield's Hawaiian Missionaries
142 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Winter 2021 Portrait of Henry Opukaha’ia, First Hawaiian Convert to Christianity, c. 1810s From the frontispiece of Memoirs of Henry Obookiah [sic], a native of Owhyhee, and a member of the Foreign Mission School; who died at Cornwall, Conn. Feb. 17, 1818. 143 in the Nineteenth Century roBert Brown anD l. Mara DoDge Editor’s Introduction: On October 23, 1819, a crowd gathered on a Boston wharf to bid farewell to the !rst Protestant missionaries bound for Hawaii. Among them were seven Massachusetts couples, four of them only recently married. "e family, friends, and supporters who gathered that October afternoon knew it was unlikely they would ever see their loved ones again. At the end of their 18,000-mile journey, the missionaries were expected to become permanent residents of Hawaii. If they were successful, they would spend the rest of their lives unimaginably far from home. "eir charge was daunting. "e American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions declared: “You are to aim at nothing short of covering those islands with fruitful !elds and pleasant dwellings, and schools and churches; of raising up the whole people to an elevated state of Christian civilization.” 1 Among these missionaries were several West!eld residents, along with many others over the years who had ties to West!eld. Who were they and what motivated them to voyage halfway around the world, leaving behind all family and friends? What were their lives in Hawaii like and what was their legacy? * * * * * Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Vol. 49 (1), Winter 2021 © Institute for Massachusetts Studies, West!eld State University 144 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Winter 2021 All these missionaries were familiar with the story of Henry Opukaha’ia, who was born on the island of Hawaii in 1792. -
The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2000 Issued December 2001 Census 2000 Brief C2KBR/01-14 Census 2000 showed By Figure 1. Elizabeth M. Grieco that the United States Reproduction of the Question on Race population was 281.4 From Census 2000 million on April 1, 2000. Of the total, 6. What is this person's race? Mark ✗ one or more races to 874,000, or 0.3 per- indicate what this person considers himself/herself to be. cent, reported1 Native White Hawaiian and Other Black, African Am., or Negro American Indian or Alaska Native — Print name of enrolled or principal tribe. Pacific Islander.2 This number included 399,000 people, or 0.1 Asian Indian Japanese Native Hawaiian percent, who reported Chinese Korean Guamanian or Chamorro only Pacific Islander Filipino Vietnamese Samoan Other Asian — Print race. Other Pacific Islander — Print race. and 476,000 people, or 0.2 percent, who reported Native Some other race — Print race. Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander as well as one or more other Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 questionnaire. races. The term Pacific Islander is used in the text of this report to refer to the Native characteristics of the total Pacific Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander popu- Islander population and then focuses on lation, while Native Hawaiian and Other the detailed groups, for example, Native Pacific Islander is used in the text tables Hawaiian, Guamanian, and Fijian. The and graphs. text of this report discusses data for the United States, including the 50 states This report, part of a series that analyzes and the District of Columbia.3 Data for population and housing data collected Pacific Islanders residing in the U.S. -
Race, Ethnicity, and Homelessness by Joy Moses
Demographic Data Project: Race, Ethnicity, and Homelessness by Joy Moses This brief is the third installment of the Alliance’s Demographic Data Project. It analyzes 2018 Point-in-Time demographic data provided by HUD. Race and ethnicity are dominant organizing factors in America. They impact where a person lives when they are born, how they die, and practically everything in between. Homelessness is no exception. This brief uses state and Continuum of Care (CoC) level data to gain greater insights into the intersections of race, ethnicity, and homelessness. African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics/Latinxs are overrepresented among people experiencing homelessness at the national level and in various locations throughout the country. In other words, the percentage of each racial/ethnic group that is homeless is greater than its percentage of the overall population. These groups also have high rates of homelessness: that is, within each group, a high percentage of people is homeless. The story is different for White and Asian Americans. Those groups are under-represented among people experiencing homelessness (the percentage of each that is homeless is smaller than its percentage of the overall population). And they both have relatively low rates of homelessness. Whites, however, are more likely to be unsheltered than other groups. Representation Race/Ethnicity of People Experiencing Federal measures related to poverty and Homelessness (National-Level) hardship began to be collected in the 1950s and 1960s. Despite periods of progress, Asian 1% there are well-established patterns of racial disparity that can be seen across them. Native American 3% Black and Native Americans have Hispanic 22% disproportionately high adverse outcomes, and White Americans have Black 40% disproportionately low ones. -
Hawai'i Civil Rights Commission
HAWAI‘I CIVIL RIGHTS COMMISSION 830 PUNCHBOWL STREET, ROOM 411 HONOLULU, HI 96813 ·PHONE: 586-8636 FAX: 586-8655 TDD: 568-8692 March 17, 2021 Videoconference, Room 329 , 10:00 a.m. To: The Honorable Cedric Asuega Gates, Chair The Honorable Matthew S. LoPresti, Vice Chair Members of the House Committee on Culture, Arts and International Affairs From: Liann Ebesugawa, Chair and Commissioners of the Hawai‘i Civil Rights Commission Re: S.B. No. 939 The Hawai‘i Civil Rights Commission (HCRC) has enforcement jurisdiction over Hawai‘i’s laws prohibiting discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodations, and access to state and state funded services. The HCRC carries out the Hawai‘i constitutional mandate that no person shall be discriminated against in the exercise of their civil rights. Art. I, Sec. 5. S.B. No. 939 would designate June 19 of each year as Juneteenth Day to commemorate the end of slavery in the United States. Juneteenth is the day that the news of emancipation reached the last state, Texas, in 1866, over two years after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. The measure does not make Juneteenth a state holiday. HCRC supports this measure. Juneteenth is a historical day for both African Americans and the country as a whole. It also shows how justice has been delayed for Black people. Considerable barriers remain for racial equality, and commemoration of Juneteenth is a step towards recognizing that. The HCRC supports S.B. No. 939. Statement Before The HOUSE COMMITTEE ON CULTURE, ARTS, & INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Wednesday, March 17, 2021 10:00 AM Videoconference and Conference Room 329 SB 939 RELATING TO JUNETEENTH DAY. -
1 Preservation of a Cultural Psyche: a Comparison of the Hawaiian
Preservation of a Cultural Psyche: A Comparison of the Hawaiian Islands and the Balkan Peninsula © David S. Bathory, PsyD, Bathory International, LLC Somerville New Jersey USA Abstract In areas where existing cultural groups have been colonialized, invaded, or experienced changes in nationality; maintaining or preserving the basis of a cultural/philosophical belief system (or Psyche) can be dismantled, accommodated, or assimilated. Although half a world apart, Modern Day Hawaiians and People of the Balkan Peninsula have struggled to form and maintain their cultural Psyches. They share similarities of strong connections to people, community, and the land, preservation of their cultures by their openness, arts, and celebrations. In the Balkan Peninsula some of the factors that helped to maintain regional cultural psyche are: exposure to multiple cultures by trade routes and invasions; deep commitments to helping others expressed in Religion, State and/or personal philosophies. In Hawaii this Psyche has been maintained in the Arts, folklore/storytelling and the people (or concept of Ohana- to embrace others into a family/community). This paper will explore these groups reaction to experiences using Sotero’s Conceptual Model of Historical Trauma (Sotero, 2006). It compares the Balkan and Hawaiian histories of colonization/wars, the impact of disease and healthcare, business and commerce, and evolving governing philosophies; and how they influenced the creation and destruction of their culture yet still have maintained an impenetrable core Cultural Psyche. Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands were settled by groups of Polynesians. The first settlers may have set out from as far as New Zealand, or from a variety of islands within Miro-Indonesia. -
TABLE 1B: States Ranked by Percent of African Americans (Race Alone Or in Combination*) Living in Hard-To-Count (HTC) Census Tracts**
TABLE 1b: States Ranked by Percent of African Americans (race alone or in combination*) living in Hard-to-Count (HTC) Census Tracts** Rank State Black or African- Black or African- Percent of Black American American or African- population (alone population (alone American or in combination or in combination population (alone with other races) with other races) or in combination living in HTC with other races) tracts** living in HTC tracts** 1 New York 3,344,602 2,223,383 66.5 2 Rhode Island 84,071 50,613 60.2 3 Massachusetts 583,006 335,776 57.6 4 Connecticut 422,002 235,955 55.9 5 New Jersey 1,314,132 670,018 51.0 6 Nevada 275,460 135,986 49.4 7 Alaska 37,906 18,582 49.0 8 Louisiana 1,528,695 740,277 48.4 9 Wisconsin 415,117 195,049 47.0 10 Arkansas 481,428 225,179 46.8 11 New Mexico 59,334 25,514 43.0 12 Pennsylvania 1,561,343 669,746 42.9 13 Oklahoma 345,252 144,792 41.9 14 Illinois 1,972,360 819,560 41.6 15 Ohio 1,585,347 639,248 40.3 16 Arizona 348,422 139,727 40.1 17 Tennessee 1,150,035 448,412 39.0 18 California 2,710,216 1,025,100 37.8 19 Hawaii 48,863 17,871 36.6 20 Mississippi 1,136,159 410,026 36.1 21 Texas 3,390,604 1,179,455 34.8 22 District of Columbia 324,552 109,927 33.9 23 Georgia 3,212,824 1,024,076 31.9 24 Florida 3,401,179 1,051,690 30.9 25 Nebraska 106,051 32,737 30.9 26 Michigan 1,509,779 451,483 29.9 27 Missouri 764,195 223,408 29.2 28 Colorado 268,990 76,389 28.4 29 New Hampshire 25,267 7,065 28.0 TABLE 1b: States Ranked by Percent of African Americans (race alone or in combination*) living in Hard-to-Count (HTC)