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Hawaii From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the U.S. state of Hawaii. For the island of Hawaiʻi, see Hawaii (island). For other uses, see Hawaii (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Hawaiki. Coordinates: 21°18′41″N 157°47′47″W State of Hawaii Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi Flag Seal Nickname(s): The Aloha State (official), Paradise, The Islands of Aloha Motto(s): Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono ("The Life of the Land is Perpetuated in Righteousness")[1] State anthem: "Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī (Hawaiʻi’s Own True Sons)[2]" Official language English, Hawaiian,Japanese, Tagalog [3] Demonym Hawaiian (see notes) Capital Honolulu (and largest city) Largest metro Oahu metropolitan area Area Ranked 43rd - Total 10,931 sq mi (28,311 km2) - Width n/a miles (n/a km) - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km) - % water 41.2 - Latitude 18° 55′ N to 28° 27′ N - Longitude 154° 48′ W to 178° 22′ W Population Ranked 40th - Total 1,404,054 (2013 est)[4] - Density 214/sq mi (82.6/km2) Ranked 13th - Median household $63,746 (5th) income Elevation - Highest point Mauna Kea[5][6][7][8] 13,796 ft (4205.0 m) - Mean 3,030 ft (920 m) - Lowest point Pacific Ocean[6] sea level Before statehood Territory of Hawaii Admission to Union August 21, 1959 (50th) Governor Neil Abercrombie (D) Lieutenant Governor Shan Tsutsui (D) Legislature State Legislature - Upper house Senate - Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Brian Schatz (D) Mazie Hirono (D) U.S. House delegation 1: Colleen Hanabusa (D) 2: Tulsi Gabbard (D) (list) Time zone Hawaii: UTC −10 (no DST) Abbreviations HI, US-HI Website www.hawaii.gov [show]Hawaii state symbols Hawaii from space, January 26, 2014[19] Hawaii ( i/həˈwaɪ.iː/ or /həˈwaɪʔiː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [hɐˈvɐiʔi]) is the 50th and most recent U.S. state to join the United States. It joined the Union on August 21, 1959. It is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii‘s diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches, oceanic surroundings, and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists, (wind) surfers, biologists, and volcanologists alike. Due to its mid-Pacific location, Hawaii has many North American and Asian influences along with its own vibrant native culture. Hawaii has over a million permanent residents, along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe,Maui and the Island of Hawaiʻi. The last is the largest and is often called the "Big Island" to avoid confusing the island with the state or archipelago. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. Hawaii is the 8th-smallest, the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. Hawaii's ocean coastline is about 750 miles (1,210 km) long, which is fourth in the United States after those of Alaska,Florida and California. Hawaii is the only U.S. state not located in the Americas and the only state with an Asian plurality. It and Arizona are the only two states that do not observedaylight saving time, and Hawaii and Alaska are the only two states that are not in the contiguous United States. Contents [hide] 1 Etymology o 1.1 Spelling of state name 2 Geography and environment o 2.1 Topography o 2.2 Geology o 2.3 Flora and fauna o 2.4 Protected areas o 2.5 Climate o 2.6 Antipodes 3 History o 3.1 First human settlement – Ancient Hawaiʻi (800–1778) o 3.2 European arrival and the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi o 3.3 Overthrow of 1893—the Republic of Hawaii (1894–1898) o 3.4 Annexation—the Territory of Hawaii (1898–1959) o 3.5 Political changes of 1954—the State of Hawaii (1959–present) 4 Demographics o 4.1 Population o 4.2 Race and ethnicity o 4.3 Ancestry groups o 4.4 Languages o 4.5 Religion o 4.6 LGBT 5 Economy o 5.1 Taxation o 5.2 Cost of living 6 Culture o 6.1 Cuisine of Hawaii o 6.2 Customs and etiquette in Hawaii o 6.3 Folklore in Hawaii o 6.4 Hawaiian mythology o 6.5 List of Hawaiian state parks o 6.6 Literature in Hawaii o 6.7 Music of Hawaii o 6.8 Polynesian mythology 7 Tourism 8 Health 9 Education o 9.1 Public schools o 9.2 Private schools o 9.3 Colleges and universities 10 Governance o 10.1 Political subdivisions o 10.2 Federal government 11 Transportation o 11.1 Rail 12 Sister cities and twin towns 13 Gallery 14 See also 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External links Etymology Akaka Falls The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi derives from Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, with thereconstructed meaning "homeland";[20] Hawaiʻi cognates are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori (Hawaiki), Rarotongan (ʻAvaiki), and Samoan (Savaiʻi). (See also Hawaiki). According to Pukui and Elbert,[21] "Elsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the ancestral home, but in Hawaii, the name has no meaning."[22] Spelling of state name A somewhat divisive political issue arose when the constitution of the state of Hawaii added Hawaiian as a second official state language: the exact spelling of the state's name, which in the islands' language is Hawaiʻi (the ʻokina marking a Hawaiian consonant, a cut-off of breath before the final i). In the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the federal government recognized Hawaii to be the official state name. Official government publications, as well as department and office titles, use the traditional Hawaiian spelling, with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length.[23] In contrast, the National and State Parks Services, the University of Hawaiʻi, and some private entities, including a local newspaper, do use such symbols. The title of the state constitution is "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii". In Article XV, Section 1 uses "The State of Hawaii", Section 2 "the island of Oahu", Section 3 "The Hawaiian flag", and Section 5 specifies the state motto as "Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono". Since these documents predate the modern use of the ʻokina and the kahakō in Hawaiian orthography, the diacritics were not used. On the other hand, precedent for U.S. state name changes were set in 1780 when the Massachusetts Bay State changed its name to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and in the 1820s when the Territory of Arkansaw changed the spelling of its name to the Territory of Arkansas. Geography and environment The main Hawaiian Islands are: Populati High Nickna on Elevati Age Island Area Density est [ Location me (as of on (Ma) point 24] 2010) 4,028.0 sq 45.948/sq [25] The Big mi mi Mauna 13,796 ft Hawaiʻi 185,079 0.4 19°34′N155°3 Island (10,432.5 k (17.7407/k Kea (4,205 m) 0′W m2) m2) 198.630/sq 727.2 sq mi [26] The Valley mi Haleakal 10,023 ft Maui (1,883.4 km 144,444 2 1.3–0.8 20°48′N156°2 Isle 2 (76.692/km ā (3,055 m) ) 0′W ) 1,597.46/sq The 596.7 sq mi [27] mi Mount 4,003 ft Oʻahu Gathering (1,545.4 km 953,207 2 3.7–2.6 21°28′N157°5 2 (616.78/km Kaʻala (1,220 m) Place ) 9′W ) 552.3 sq mi [28] The 121.168/sq Kawaiki 5,243 ft Kauaʻi (1,430.5 km 66,921 5.1 22°05′N159°3 Garden Isle 2 mi ni (1,598 m) ) 0′W (46.783/km2 Populati High Nickna on Elevati Age Island Area Density est [ Location me (as of on (Ma) point 24] 2010) ) 28.250/sq The [29] 260.0 sq mi mi Kamako 4,961 ft Molokaʻi Friendly 2 7,345 1.9–1.8 21°08′N157°0 (673.4 km ) (10.9074/k u (1,512 m) Isle 2′W m2) The 22.313/sq [30] 140.5 sq mi Lānaʻiha 3,366 ft Lānaʻi Pineapple 2 3,135 mi 1.3 20°50′N156°5 (363.9 km ) 2 le (1,026 m) Isle (8.615/km ) 6′W The [31] 69.5 sq mi 2.45/sq mi Mount 1,250 ft Niʻihau Forbidden 170 4.9 21°54′N160°1 (180.0 km2) (0.944/km2) Pānīʻau (381 m) Isle 0′W Puʻu Kahoʻolaw The Target 44.6 sq mi 1,483 ft [32] 2 0 0 Moaulan 1.0 20°33′N156°3 e Isle (115.5 km ) (452 m) ui 6′W The Hawaiian Islands are located in the North Pacific Ocean A true-color satellite view of Hawaii shows that most of the vegetation on the islands grows on the northeast sides which face the wind. The silver glow around the southwest of the islands is the result of calmer waters.[33] Topography Nā Pali coast, Kauaʻi An archipelago situated some 2,000 mi (3,200 km) southwest of the North American mainland,[34] Hawaii is the southernmost state of the United States and the second westernmost state after Alaska.
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