Fungal Pigment Formation in Wood Substrate
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Biscogniauxia Granmoi (Xylariaceae) in Europe
©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Osten. Z.Pilzk 8(1999) 139 Biscogniauxia granmoi (Xylariaceae) in Europe THOMAS L£SS0E CHRISTIAN SCHEUER Botanical Institute, Copenhagen University Institut fiir Botanik der Karl-Franzens-Universitat Oster Farimagsgade 2D Holteigasse 6 DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark A-8010 Graz, Austria e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] ALFRED GRANMO Trornso Museum, University of Tromse N-9037 Tromso, Norway e-mail: [email protected] Received 5. 7. 1999 Key words: Xylariaceae, Biscogniauxia. - Taxonomy, distribution. - Fungi of Europe, Asia. Abstract: Biscogniauxia granmoi, growing on Prunus padus (incl. var. pubescens = Padus asiatica) is reported from Europe and Asia, with material from Austria, Latvia, Norway, Poland, and Far Eastern Russia. It is compared with B. nummulana s. str., B. capnodes and B. simphcior. The taxon was included in the recent revision of Biscogniauxia by JU & al. {1998, Mycotaxon 66: 50) under the name "B. pruni GRANMO, L/ESS0E & SCHEUER" nom. prov. Zusammenfassung: Biscogniauxia granmoi, die bisher ausschließlich auf Prunus padus (inkl. var pubescens = Padus asiatica) gefunden wurde, wird aufgrund von Aufsammlungen aus Europa und Asien vorgestellt. Die bisherigen Belege stammen aus Österreich, Litauen, Norwegen, Polen und dem femöstlichen Teil Rußlands. Die Unterschiede zu B. nummulana s. Str., B. capnodes und H simphaor werden diskutiert. Dieses Taxon wurde unter dem Namen "B. pruni Granmo, l.aessoe & Scheuer" nom. prov. schon von JU & al. (1998, Mycotaxon 66: 50) in ihre Revision der Gattung Biscogniauxia aufge- nommen. The genus Biscogniauxia KUNTZE (Xylariaceae) was resurrected and amended by POUZAR (1979, 1986) for a group of Xylariaceae with applanate dark stromata that MILLER (1961) treated in Hypoxylon BULL., and for a group of species with thick, discoid stromata formerly placed in Nummularia TUL. -
Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong
Article Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong Shunping Ding 1,2,* , Hongli Hu 2,3 and Ji-Dong Gu 2,4,* 1 Wine and Viticulture, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA 2 Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China; [email protected] 3 Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Biological Disaster and Management, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 4 Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515041, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (J.-D.G.) Received: 15 August 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: Wood-decay fungi are one of the major threats to the old and valuable trees in Hong Kong and constitute a main conservation and management challenge because they inhabit dead wood as well as living trees. The diversity, abundance, and distribution of wood-decay fungi associated with standing trees and stumps in four different parks of Hong Kong, including Hong Kong Park, Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Garden, Kowloon Park, and Hong Kong Observatory Grounds, were investigated. Around 4430 trees were examined, and 52 fungal samples were obtained from 44 trees. Twenty-eight species were identified from the samples and grouped into twelve families and eight orders. Phellinus noxius, Ganoderma gibbosum, and Auricularia polytricha were the most abundant species and occurred in three of the four parks. -
Assessment of Forest Pests and Diseases in Protected Areas of Georgia Final Report
Assessment of Forest Pests and Diseases in Protected Areas of Georgia Final report Dr. Iryna Matsiakh Tbilisi 2014 This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The content, findings, interpretations, and conclusions of this publication are the sole responsibility of the FLEG II (ENPI East) Programme Team (www.enpi-fleg.org) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Implementing Organizations. CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. 3 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Background information ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Literature review ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Results and Discussion .......................................................................................................................................... -
Phylogenetic Classification of Trametes
TAXON 60 (6) • December 2011: 1567–1583 Justo & Hibbett • Phylogenetic classification of Trametes SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY Phylogenetic classification of Trametes (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) based on a five-marker dataset Alfredo Justo & David S. Hibbett Clark University, Biology Department, 950 Main St., Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Alfredo Justo, [email protected] Abstract: The phylogeny of Trametes and related genera was studied using molecular data from ribosomal markers (nLSU, ITS) and protein-coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-alpha) and consequences for the taxonomy and nomenclature of this group were considered. Separate datasets with rDNA data only, single datasets for each of the protein-coding genes, and a combined five-marker dataset were analyzed. Molecular analyses recover a strongly supported trametoid clade that includes most of Trametes species (including the type T. suaveolens, the T. versicolor group, and mainly tropical species such as T. maxima and T. cubensis) together with species of Lenzites and Pycnoporus and Coriolopsis polyzona. Our data confirm the positions of Trametes cervina (= Trametopsis cervina) in the phlebioid clade and of Trametes trogii (= Coriolopsis trogii) outside the trametoid clade, closely related to Coriolopsis gallica. The genus Coriolopsis, as currently defined, is polyphyletic, with the type species as part of the trametoid clade and at least two additional lineages occurring in the core polyporoid clade. In view of these results the use of a single generic name (Trametes) for the trametoid clade is considered to be the best taxonomic and nomenclatural option as the morphological concept of Trametes would remain almost unchanged, few new nomenclatural combinations would be necessary, and the classification of additional species (i.e., not yet described and/or sampled for mo- lecular data) in Trametes based on morphological characters alone will still be possible. -
Bridgeoporus Nobilissimus Is Much More Abundant Than Indicated by the Presence of Basidiocarps in Forest Stands
North American Fungi Volume 10, Number 3, Pages 1-28 Published May 29, 2015 Bridgeoporus nobilissimus is much more abundant than indicated by the presence of basidiocarps in forest stands Matthew Gordon1 and Kelli Van Norman2 1Molecular Solutions LLC, 715 NW Hoyt St., #2546, Portland, OR 97208, USA 2Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program, USDI Bureau of Land Management Oregon State Office & USDA Forest Service Region 6, 1220 SW 3rd Ave., Portland, OR 97204, USA Gordon, M., and K. Van Norman. 2015. Bridgeoporus nobilissimus is much more abundant than indicated by the presence of basidiocarps in forest stands. North American Fungi 10(3): 1-28. http://dx.doi:10.2509/naf2015.010.003 Corresponding author: Matt Gordon [email protected]. Accepted for publication May 4, 2015. http://pnwfungi.org Copyright © 2015 Pacific Northwest Fungi Project. All rights reserved. Abstract: The polypore Bridgeoporus nobilissimus produces large perennial basidiocarps on large diameter Abies stumps, snags and trees in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Despite the size and persistence of the basidiocarps, they are rarely observed, making the conservation of this species a concern. We determined that a genetic marker for this fungus could be detected in DNA extracted from wood cores taken from trees hosting basidiocarps. We then tested 105 trees and stumps that did not host B. nobilissimus basidiocarps in plots surrounding B. nobilissimus conks, and 291 trees and stumps in randomly located plots in four stands that contained at least one B. nobilissimus basidiocarp. We found that trees of all sizes throughout all of the stands hosted B. -
A Method for Digital Color Analysis of Spalted Wood Using Scion Image Software
Materials 2009, 2, 62-75; doi:10.3390/ma2010062 OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials Article A Method for Digital Color Analysis of Spalted Wood Using Scion Image Software Sara C. Robinson *, Peter E. Laks and Ethan J. Turnquist Michigan Technological University / 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.L.); [email protected] (E.T.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected] Received: 9 January 2009; in revised form: 31 January 2009 / Accepted: 13 February 2009 / Published: 16 February 2009 Abstract: Color analysis of spalted wood surfaces requires a non-subjective, repeatable method for determining percent of pigmentation on the wood surface. Previously published methods used human visual perception with a square grid overlay to determine the percent of surface pigmentation. Our new method uses Scion Image©, a graphical software program used for grayscale and color analysis, to separate fungal pigments from the wood background. These human interface processes render the wood block into HSV (hue, saturation, value, within the RGB color space), allowing subtle and drastic color changes to be visualized, selected and analyzed by the software. Analysis with Scion Image© allows for a faster, less subjective, and easily repeatable procedure that is superior to simple human visual perception. Keywords: Spalting; Scion Image; color analysis. 1. Introduction Spalting is a natural coloration process in which fungi with pigmented hyphae colonize wood in a high enough concentration for a visual, macroscopic color change to occur. Zone lines, areas of melanized hyphal tissue or pseudosclerotial plates, and the bleaching effect caused by many white rot fungi are also considered to be spalting [1]. -
Wood Decay Fungi in Landscape Trees
Pest Notes, Publication 74109 Revised August 2019 Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals Wood Decay Fungi in Landscape Trees everal fungal diseases, sometimes called heart rots, Ssap rots, or canker rots, decay wood in tree trunks Figure 1. White rot of oak. and limbs (Figures 1 and 2). Under conditions favor- ing growth of specific rot fungi, extensive portions of the wood of living trees can decay in a relatively short time (i.e., months to years). Decay fungi reduce wood strength and may kill storage and conductive tissues in the sapwood. While most species of woody plants are subject to trunk and limb decay, older and weaker trees are most susceptible. DAMAGE Decay fungi destroy cell wall components; including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, that make up the woody portion of a tree. Depending on the organism, decay fungi can destroy the living (sapwood) or the central core (heartwood) part of the tree. Decay isn’t always visible on the outside of the tree, except where the bark Figure 2. Heart brown rot in a conifer trunk. has been cut or injured, when a cavity is present, or when rot fungi produce reproductive structures. Wood decay can make trees hazardous, of wood weight can result in 70 to 90% as infected trunks and limbs become loss in wood strength. Many branches unable to support their own weight and that fall from trees appear sound, but fall, especially when stressed by wind, upon analysis, they were colonized by Authors: heavy rain, or other conditions. Decay wood decay organisms. -
Biodiversity of Wood-Decay Fungi in Italy
AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di Torino Biodiversity of wood-decay fungi in Italy This is the author's manuscript Original Citation: Availability: This version is available http://hdl.handle.net/2318/88396 since 2016-10-06T16:54:39Z Published version: DOI:10.1080/11263504.2011.633114 Terms of use: Open Access Anyone can freely access the full text of works made available as "Open Access". Works made available under a Creative Commons license can be used according to the terms and conditions of said license. Use of all other works requires consent of the right holder (author or publisher) if not exempted from copyright protection by the applicable law. (Article begins on next page) 28 September 2021 This is the author's final version of the contribution published as: A. Saitta; A. Bernicchia; S.P. Gorjón; E. Altobelli; V.M. Granito; C. Losi; D. Lunghini; O. Maggi; G. Medardi; F. Padovan; L. Pecoraro; A. Vizzini; A.M. Persiani. Biodiversity of wood-decay fungi in Italy. PLANT BIOSYSTEMS. 145(4) pp: 958-968. DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2011.633114 The publisher's version is available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11263504.2011.633114 When citing, please refer to the published version. Link to this full text: http://hdl.handle.net/2318/88396 This full text was downloaded from iris - AperTO: https://iris.unito.it/ iris - AperTO University of Turin’s Institutional Research Information System and Open Access Institutional Repository Biodiversity of wood-decay fungi in Italy A. Saitta , A. Bernicchia , S. P. Gorjón , E. -
Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains
United States Department of Agriculture Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS-GTR-335 November 2016 Bergdahl, Aaron D.; Hill, Alison, tech. coords. 2016. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-335. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 229 p. Abstract Hosts, distribution, symptoms and signs, disease cycle, and management strategies are described for 84 hardwood and 32 conifer diseases in 56 chapters. Color illustrations are provided to aid in accurate diagnosis. A glossary of technical terms and indexes to hosts and pathogens also are included. Keywords: Tree diseases, forest pathology, Great Plains, forest and tree health, windbreaks. Cover photos by: James A. Walla (top left), Laurie J. Stepanek (top right), David Leatherman (middle left), Aaron D. Bergdahl (middle right), James T. Blodgett (bottom left) and Laurie J. Stepanek (bottom right). To learn more about RMRS publications or search our online titles: www.fs.fed.us/rm/publications www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/ Background This technical report provides a guide to assist arborists, landowners, woody plant pest management specialists, foresters, and plant pathologists in the diagnosis and control of tree diseases encountered in the Great Plains. It contains 56 chapters on tree diseases prepared by 27 authors, and emphasizes disease situations as observed in the 10 states of the Great Plains: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The need for an updated tree disease guide for the Great Plains has been recog- nized for some time and an account of the history of this publication is provided here. -
Phylogenetic Assignment of the Fungicolous Hypoxylon Invadens (Ascomycota, Xylariales) and Investigation of Its Secondary Metabolites
microorganisms Article Phylogenetic Assignment of the Fungicolous Hypoxylon invadens (Ascomycota, Xylariales) and Investigation of its Secondary Metabolites Kevin Becker 1,2 , Christopher Lambert 1,2,3 , Jörg Wieschhaus 1 and Marc Stadler 1,2,* 1 Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; [email protected] (K.B.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (J.W.) 2 German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 3 Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI) Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-531-6181-4240; Fax: +49-531-6181-9499 Received: 23 July 2020; Accepted: 8 September 2020; Published: 11 September 2020 Abstract: The ascomycete Hypoxylon invadens was described in 2014 as a fungicolous species growing on a member of its own genus, H. fragiforme, which is considered a rare lifestyle in the Hypoxylaceae. This renders H. invadens an interesting target in our efforts to find new bioactive secondary metabolites from members of the Xylariales. So far, only volatile organic compounds have been reported from H. invadens, but no investigation of non-volatile compounds had been conducted. Furthermore, a phylogenetic assignment following recent trends in fungal taxonomy via a multiple sequence alignment seemed practical. A culture of H. invadens was thus subjected to submerged cultivation to investigate the produced secondary metabolites, followed by isolation via preparative chromatography and subsequent structure elucidation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). -
Published Version
8 Damage to stems, branches and twigs of broadleaf woody plants M. Kacprzyk, I. Matsiakh, D.L. Musolin, A.V. Selikhovkin, Y.N. Baranchikov, D. Burokiene, T. Cech, V. Talgø, A.M. Vettraino, A. Vannini, A. Zambounis and S. Prospero 8.1. Root and stem rot Description: External, aboveground symptoms on individual trees are variable and may include suppressed growth, reduced vigour, discoloured or smaller than average-sized foliage, premature leaf shedding, branch dieback, crown thinning, bleeding lesions on the lower stem and root collar, wilting and eventual death of trees. It is common for root and butt rots to remain unnoticed until annual or perennial (conks) fruiting bodies appear on branches or the main trunk. Possible cause of damage: Oomycetes (water moulds: Figs. 8.1.1 – 8.1.3); Fungi: Basidiomycota (Figs. 8.1.4 – 8.1.7) and Ascomycota (Fig. 8.1.8). Fig. 8.1.1. Root collar of European beech Fig. 8.1.2. Stem of grey alder (Alnus (Fagus sylvatica) with a bleeding bark lesion incana) with bark lesion caused by an caused by an Oomycete (Phytophthora Oomycete (Phytophthora x alni). Tyrol, cambivora). Bavaria, Germany, TC. Austria, TC. ©CAB International 2017. Field Guide for the Identification of Damage on Woody Sentinel Plants (eds A. Roques, M. Cleary, I. Matsiakh and R. Eschen) Damage to stems, branches and twigs of broadleaf woody plants 105 Fig. 8.1.3. European chestnut (Castanea Fig. 8.1.4. Collar of European beech sativa) showing bark lesion caused by an (Fagus sylvatica) with fungal fruiting Oomycete (Phytophthora cinnamomi). bodies (Polyporus squamosus).