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UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Masters of war: state, capital, and military enterprise in the Dutch cycle of accumulation (1600-1795) Brandon, P. Publication date 2013 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Brandon, P. (2013). Masters of war: state, capital, and military enterprise in the Dutch cycle of accumulation (1600-1795). General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 Masters of War State, capital, and military enterprise in the Dutch cycle of accumulation (1600 -1795) Pepijn Brandon Masters of War State, capital, and military enterprise in the Dutch cycle of accumulation (1600-1795) ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op woensdag 16 januari 2013, te 14:00 uur door Pepijn Brandon geboren te Amsterdam Promotores: Prof. dr. L. Noordegraaf Prof. dr. M.M. van der Linden Copromotor: Dr. M.C. ’t Hart Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen For my great-grandfather Herman (Hersch) Ohringer (1899-1995) a lifelong courageous fighter who refused to go into the trenches for someone else’s war Illustrations cover Background (fragment, continued on backpage) De schepen De Vrijheid en De Hazewind, Reinier Nooms, 1652, etching 13.6 cm x 24.9 cm Portraits (from left to right): Cornelis van Aerssen (1600-1662), colonel for the cavalry, estimated wealth f 960,000. Portrait: Adriaen Hanneman, 1658, oil paint, 124 cm x 99 cm Rycklof van Goens de Jonge (1619-1682), governor-general of the VOC in Asia, estimated wealth f 500,000. Portrait: Martin Palin, 1680, oil paint on wood, 98 cm x 79 cm Jacob Pergens (†1681), merchant and WIC director, brother-in-law of banker Guillelmo Bartolotti, estimated wealth f 260,000. Portrait: Salomon Mesdach, 1619, oil paint on wood, 94.7 cm x 69.1 cm Henrick Hooft (1617-1678), merchant, Amsterdam burgomaster and admiralty councilor, estimated wealth f 440,000. Portrait: Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt, 1640, oil paint, 69.7 cm x 60 cm Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen (1604-1679), field marshall of the States army, governor of Dutch Brazil, estimated wealth f 1,000,000. Portrait: Michiel van Musscher, 1670, oil paint on copper, 16.5 cm x 14 cm Johan de Witt (1625-1672), grand pensionary of Holland, estimated wealth f 450,000. Portrait: Caspar Netscher, 1660, oil paint, 32.5 cm x 29 cm Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter (1607-1676), lieutenant-admiral of the Dutch fleet, estimated wealth f 350,000. Portrait: Ferdinand Bol, 1667, oil paint, 157 cm x 138 cm Jacobus Trip (1627-1670), arms trader, until 1651 owner of a f 205,000 share in the Trip company. Portrait: Bartholomeus van der Helst, 1647, oil paint, 110 cm x 95 cm All illustrations: Collectie Rijksmuseum. Figures on wealth: Kees Zandvliet, De 250 rijksten van de Gouden Eeuw (Amsterdam 2006) ‘In ’t midden van den twist, en ’t woeden nimmer moê, Verheft uw stad haar kroon tot aan den hemel toe, En gaat door vuur en ijs eene andre wereld vinden, En dondert met geschut op alle vier de winden.’ (‘In the midst of all strive, never tired of raging, Your city [Amsterdam] heaves its crown unto the very heavens, And goes through fire and ice to find another world, Guns thundering in all four directions of the wind.’) Joost van den Vondel, Gijsbrecht van Aemstel (1637) Act 5.8 ‘Then every thing includes itself in power, Power into will, will into appetite, And appetite (an universal wolf, So doubly seconded with will, and power) Must make perforce and universal prey, And last, eat up himself.’ William Shakespeare, Troylus and Cressida (1609) Act 1.3 ‘And I hope that you die and your death’ll come soon I will follow your casket in the pale afternoon And I’ll watch while you’re lowered down to your deathbed And I’ll stand o’er your grave ’til I’m sure that you’re dead.’ Bob Dylan, Masters of War (1963) Table of contents List of charts and tables ............................................................................................................ xi Translations of frequently used Dutch terms .......................................................................... xiii Note on currency ..................................................................................................................... xiii Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Dutch war making and state making: three solutions to a riddle ........................................... 4 Typologies of the early modern state form .......................................................................... 13 The Dutch cycle of accumulation ......................................................................................... 22 The federal-brokerage state and its ‘historic bloc’ ............................................................... 28 Content and structure of the book ........................................................................................ 35 Chapter 1 The making of the federal-brokerage state ........................................................ 41 1.1 The Dutch Revolt and the establishment of the state ................................................ 44 1.2 Types of brokerage 1: merchant warriors .................................................................. 51 1.3 Types of brokerage 2: merchants as administrators .................................................. 57 1.4 Types of brokerage 3: financial intermediaries in troop payments ........................... 66 1.5 Political and ideological foundations of the federal-brokerage state ........................ 70 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 80 Chapter 2 Merchant companies, naval power, and trade protection ................................ 83 2.1 The naval revolution and the challenge to Dutch trade ............................................. 86 2.2 A unified state-company for colonial trade? ............................................................. 94 2.3 The VOC and the navy from symbiosis to division of labor ..................................... 98 2.4 The WIC between private trade and state protection .............................................. 107 2.5 European commercial directorates as protection lobbies ........................................ 114 2.6 The navy, merchants, and protection costs .............................................................. 123 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 135 Chapter 3 Production, supply, and labor relations at the naval shipyards .................... 139 3.1 Capitalist rationality, accounting, and the naval revolution .................................... 142 3.2 Personal networks and market practices .................................................................. 148 3.3 Different products, different systems of supply ...................................................... 154 3.4 Naval shipyards as centers of production ................................................................ 163 3.5 Shipyards and their workforce ................................................................................. 170 ix 3.6 Admiralty Boards and the labor market .................................................................. 175 3.7 Combination, coordination, and control .................................................................. 184 3.8 Of time, theft, and chips .......................................................................................... 190 3.9 Neptune’s trident and Athena’s gifts ....................................................................... 198 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 205 Chapter 4 Troop payments, military soliciting, and the world of finance ...................... 209 4.1 From disorder to regulation ..................................................................................... 212 4.2 A golden age of military soliciting .......................................................................... 220 4.3 Two careers in military finance ............................................................................... 227 4.4 The daily affairs of a financial middleman .............................................................. 235 4.5
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