DOCSLIB.ORG

UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Righteous Citizens: The Lynching of Johan and Cornelis DeWitt,The Hague, Collective Violens, and the Myth of Tolerance in the Dutch Golden Age, 1650-1672 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2636q95m Author DeSanto, Ingrid Frederika Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Righteous Citizens: The Lynching of Johan and Cornelis DeWitt, The Hague, Collective Violence, and the Myth of Tolerance in the Dutch Golden Age, 1650-1672. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Ingrid Frederika DeSanto 2018 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Righteous Citizens: The Lynching of Johan and Cornelis DeWitt, The Hague, Collective Violence, and the Myth of Tolerance in the Dutch Golden Age, 1650-1672 by Ingrid Frederika DeSanto Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles Professor Margaret C Jacob, Chair In The Hague, on August 20 th , 1672, the Grand Pensionary of Holland, Johan DeWitt and his brother Cornelis DeWitt were publicly killed, their bodies mutilated and hanged by the populace of the city. This dissertation argues that this massacre remains such an unique event in Dutch history, that it needs thorough investigation. Historians have focused on short-term political causes for the eruption of violence on the brothers’ fatal day. This work contributes to the existing historiography by uncovering more long-term political and social undercurrents in Dutch society. In doing so, issues that may have been overlooked previously are taken into consideration as well. Research pertaining the exposure to and acceptance of violence in the public sphere shows that, between 1650 and 1672, the municipal court of The Hague decreased the use of violent public punishment. The idea that the populace was usurping the role of judge ii and executioner, as some theories suggest, is therefore unlikely. Exploration of actual day-to-day crime records reveals that violent crime was not dominant in The Hague. However, migration to The Hague increased significantly between 1650 and 1672. Without a permanent solution for the large influx of people, the magistrates resolved to ban all beggars from The Hague. There was no system in place to assure the expulsion of those “criminals.” This may have put a substantial group of homeless folks on the scene on August 20, 1672. Furthermore, the threat of a French invasion in the early months of 1672 had resulted in economic disarray in Holland, while reports on a failure to defend the East of the Republic from the French must have caused fear and anxiety among Dutch people. In combination, these long-term factors show that the image of the Dutch as tolerant of “others,” - during the prosperous seventeenth-century- may have only applied to people of a wealthier status. The threat of the French invasion of 1672 for a people that had experienced several wars in combination with the lack of governmental assistance for common people, probably set the events in motion that accumulated into the most famous massacre in Dutch history. iii The dissertation of Ingrid Frederika DeSanto is approved. David Sabean Teofilo F Ruiz Ann Jensen Adams Margaret C Jacob, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2018 iv Dedication First and foremost, I want to thank my advisor and mentor at UCLA, professor Margaret Jacob. Without her, I would not be where I am today. She supported me throughout my graduate studies, not only in my academic endeavors, but also in my life circumstances. Eventhough, the message was not always easy to hear, I knew she did everything in my best interest. In doing so, she has become my role-model and I am grateful to know her. I am honored to have studied under her supervision. Second, I want to thank the other three members on my committee, professor David Sabean and professor Teo Ruiz from UCLA, and professor Ann J. Adams from UCSB. I am especially grateful for the patience with which professor Sabean read, corrected, and critiqued chapter after chapter. When I read back my first writings, I crunch at the grammar and errors. I attribute the improvement in my writing over the years to professor Sabean. In addition to the writing, professor Sabean has given me valuable comments on how to approach historical issues. I will be forever indebted. I want to thank professor Ruiz for his kind words and the feeling that all will be well, especially at times when I wanted to throw in the towel. A special thanks to professor Adams for her expertise-input on the evaluation of imagery as well as gently pushing me to keep deadlines and making me check administrative clutches that could delay my degree. I could not have imagined any part of my life today if it was not for the professors of my undergraduate program at CSULB. Professor Sharlene Sayegh, my friend and role-model, was the first person who told me that I was smart, that I could own my words, and that the ability to think critically was an asset. She inspired me to dream bigger, to dream of obtaining a Ph.D. I also want to thank my friend and professor Sarah Schrank with whom I took a course in women’s history that changed me fundamentally and inspired me to study gender. Furthermore, v all my professors at CSULB contributed to my achievements in one way or another, specifically Professors David Shafer, Andrew Jenks, Eileen Luhr, and Jane Dabel. To all, I say thank you. To my daughters, Elena and Alexandra, I want to express my love and gratitude for being easy going, understanding, and inspirational. I know that my graduate studies took time away from home, often at times when you needed me. Thanks to facetime we were able to stay close during my research year abroad. I missed you two terribly. You have become amazing, intelligent, sweet, and powerful women and I love you. To Vincent, thank you for being there. I appreciate all you have done for me. To Andreas, your love has carried me through the last three months of hard work. To my dear friends, Morgan, Chien-Ling, and Subah for helping me through bouts of anxiety and for the laughter. You are amazing ladies. vi For my father Frederik Hans Karel Marek 1938-2014 and my mother Cornelia Frederika Marek-Boom 1944 - vii Content Introduction Chapter 1: Violence in Early Modern The Hague: Issues Surrounding the Murder of Johan and Cornelis DeWitt, 1672 Chapter 2: Collective Experiences in The Hague’s Public Sphere in 1672 Chapter 3: The Criminal Justice System in Early Modern The Hague: A Study of Day-to-Day Crime Chapter 4: The Influence of the French Invasion on the Murders of Johan and Cornelis DeWitt: the “Disaster Year” 1672 Conclusion viii List of Artwork (n sequence of appearance) Anonymous. Clare Afbeeldinghe, ofte Effigien der Voornaemste Conspirateurs. Staende op het Lichaem van de Hoofdeloose Arminiaensche Slange, Waer in vertoont word hoe den Orangien boom, mitsgaders religie ende justitie door de strael Gods beschermt wordt. Amsterdam: Jan Amelissz. Etching, (1623) Arnhem: Gelders Archief, Familie van Rhenen pamphlet collection, #0911-44. Anonymous. Etching, Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, special collections (Pr. H74) Anonymous. Ambassadeur van Lucifer, Inde Werelt Gesonden tot een Krygs Transformatie. Etching. (May 30,1672). Rotterdam: Atlas van Stolk Inv. nr. 16217. Anonymous. Duytslant’s Treur-Toneele ofte Spieghel der Hongers-Dwangh, 1632-1637 . Etching. Rotterdam: Atlas van Stolk, inv. nr. 21970. Anonymous. Allegorie op de Tocht naar Chatham . Oil on canvas. (1668). Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, ref. 90402_M_NL_Rijksmuseum. Blaeu, Joan. Tooneel der Steeden van de Vereenighde Nederlanden , deel 2 . Map. Amsterdam: Joan Blaeu, 1652. From the Universiteitsbibliotheek Utrecht, AC72. Claes Jansz Visscher, Claes Jansz. Slatius komt uit het Graf. Amsterdam, 1623. Etching. Rotterdam: Prentenkabinet Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, BdH 13996. De Hooghe, Romeyn. Tocht naar Chatham en de verovering van het eiland Sheppey . Amsterdam: Jacob van Meurs, 1667. Etching. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum Rijksprentenkabinet, RP-P-OB-79.256. De Hooghe, Romeyn. Beleg en Overgaen van de Stadt Grave door den K.H. Wilhelm Hendrik, Prince van Orangien, Stadthouder van Holland en Zeeland. Etching, Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, Rijksprentenkabinet, RP-P-AO-16-132. De Hooghe. Romeyn. Anticurius Loevesteyn . Etching. (1674). Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, Rijksprentenkabinet, RP-P-OB-79.152. De Hooghe, Romeyn. Witten Wonder Spiegel . Etching. (1675). Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Rijksprentenkabinet, RP-P-OB-77.116. De Hooghe, Romeyn. De Fransse Tirannie. Etching. (February 1673). Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, Rijskprentenkabinet, RP-P-OB-77.183. ix Frits, Pieter. Moord op de Gebroeders De Witt, oil on canvas.1672, Den Haag, Haags Historisch Museum. Fokke, Simon. Het Lijk van Gillis van Ledenberg, buiten ‘s Gravenhage in een kist opgehangen. Etchin g. (1619) Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, RP-P-OB-80.901. FMH 1402-a. Hogenberg, Frans. Invasie Haerlem. Etching, Rotterdam: Atlas van Stolk, inv. nr. 50440, ext. 134. Hogenberg, Frans. Invasie Naerden. Etching, Rotterdam: Atlas van Stolk, inv. nr. 50440, ext. 158. Hogenberg, Frans. Moort te Oudewater. Etching, Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum RP-P-OB-79.620, FMH 703, Rotterdam: Atlas van Stolk, inv. nr. 50440. Kas, KT. Vertooninghe, in vier Treur-deelen, Ghespeelt tot Haerlem op den 29 juni, anno 1660. Haarlem: Kornelisz Teunisz Kas, 1660. Etching. Rotterdam, Atlas van Stolk, inv. nr. 15193. Steen, Jan Havicksz. Adolf en Catharina Croeser, de Burgemeester van Delft en zijn Dochter (A Burgomaster and his Daughter). Oil on canvas. (1655) Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum. Verduyn, A.T. Spiegel der Fransse tyranny, Gepleegt op de Hollantsche Dorpen. Etching. (February 1673). Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, Rijksprentenkabinet, RP-P-OB-77.183. Visscher, Claes Jansz. Justitie van Jan van Oldenbarnevelt Geschiet.
Recommended publications
  • Speaker of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly to Visit the Netherlands

    Speaker of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly to Visit the Netherlands

    Embassy of India The Hague Press Release September 20, 2019 Speaker of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly to visit the Netherlands The Speaker of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, Mr. Hriday Narayan Dikshit, will lead a delegation to the Netherlands from September 22-24, 2019. During the visit, the Speaker will meet with Ms. Pia Dijkstra, Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Dutch House of Representatives, attend a presentation on the working of the Dutch Parliament, and have a tour of the Dutch Parliament Building Complex (Binnenhof) in The Hague. The delegation will also meet Mr. Jaap Smit, the King’s Commissioner (Head of the Province) for South Holland. A book The Way India Thinks authored by Mr. Dikshit will be released during the visit at an event at the Gandhi Centre - the Cultural Centre of the Indian Embassy in the Hague. The Speaker will also meet and interact with members of the Indian Community during the event. The visit aims to enhance understanding and establish contacts between legislative bodies of the two sides. Further, it will connect important authorities of the State of Uttar Pradesh with the Province of the South Holland, the country's most populous province and one of the most industrialised areas in the world. The provincial capital of South Holland is The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Port of Rotterdam is the 9th largest port in the world and the largest port in Europe. South Holland is located in the western part of the Netherlands and contributes 21% to The Netherlands’ GDP.
  • A Day in the Hague"

    A Day in the Hague"

    "A Day in The Hague" Realizado por : Cityseeker 6 Ubicaciones indicadas Mauritshuis "The Hague's Most Famous Museum" The Mauritshuis, located on the Hofvijver itself, was once a residence for a noble cousin of the royal family. An art collector, his private gallery was added to over the years by several monarchs and eventually taken over by a private foundation and turned into the premiere collection of Dutch masters' artworks from the golden age of the country's empire. Today, the by FaceMePLS museum if one of The Hague's premiere tourist attractions and contains such iconic works as Vermeer's Girl with the Pearl Earring and Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp. +31 70 302 3456 www.mauritshuis.nl/ Korte Vijverberg 8, La Haya Ridderzaal "Seat of the Dutch Monarchy" The historic Ridderzaal, or Knight's Hall, is the oldest remaining structure left on the grounds of the Binnenhof. This 13th-century great hall is festooned with the coats of arms of many of the Netherlands' noble houses and some exquisite artwork and antique furniture. Viewing is generally open to the public, but on some state occasions the Ridderzaal by Ferdi De gier is in use by the government. Principal among these are the rare occasions on which the monarch addresses the nation from inside the hall. www.binnenhof.nl/ Binnehof, La Haya Binnenhof "Seat of Dutch Government for Centuries" The Binnenhof is a complex of buildings which date back to the 12th Century when The Hague was just a hunting retreat for the nobility. Since then, the Binnenhof, or inner court has become the seat and symbol of the Dutch Republic.

  • The Dutch in the Early Modern World David Onnekink , Gijs Rommelse Frontmatter More Information

    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12581-0 — The Dutch in the Early Modern World David Onnekink , Gijs Rommelse Frontmatter More Information The Dutch in the Early Modern World Emerging at the turn of the seventeenth century, the Dutch Republic rose to become a powerhouse of economic growth, artistic creativity, military innovation, religious tolerance and intellectual development. This is the first textbook to present this period of early modern Dutch history in a global context. It makes an active use of illustrations, objects, personal stories and anecdotes to present a lively overview of Dutch global history that is solidly grounded in sources and literature. Focusing on themes that resonate with contemporary concerns, such as overseas exploration, war, slavery, migration, identity and racism, this volume charts the multiple ways in which the Dutch were connected with the outside world. It serves as an engaging and accessible intro- duction to Dutch history, as well as a case study in early modern global expansion. david onnekink is Assistant Professor in Early Modern International Relations at Utrecht University. He has previously held a position at Leiden University, and was a visiting professor at the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, and the University of California, Los Angeles. He has been a fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities at Edinburgh (2004), Het Scheepvaartmuseum in Amsterdam (2016–2017) and the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study (2016). He is the author of Reinterpreting the Dutch Forty Years War (2016), and edited volumes on War and Religion after Westphalia, 1648–1713 (2009) and Ideology and Foreign Policy in Early Modern Europe (1650–1750) (2011), also with Gijs Rommelse.
  • Lord Mance Gives Speech to Mark 175Th Anniversary of Founding of Hoge Raad, the Netherlands

    Lord Mance Gives Speech to Mark 175Th Anniversary of Founding of Hoge Raad, the Netherlands

    Lord Mance gives speech to mark 175th anniversary of founding of Hoge Raad, The Netherlands The Rule of Law - Common Traditions and Common Issues 1 October 2013 Your Majesty, President of the Hoge Raad, Your Excellencies, distinguished colleagues and fellow guests: Three centuries ago, Your Majesty’s relative, King William III, appointed so-called Lords Justices to help govern England during his absences. Some of them may have been summonsed to The Hague. Certainly, it is an honour that the Hoge Raad has asked a United Kingdom Supreme Court Justice to speak at its 175th anniversary celebration. The common law is a world force, but a minority interest within Europe. But I believe that it has been loyal and effective in applying and developing European law. This afternoon is a handshake across the Channel, witnessing genuinely friendly relations between different European judiciaries and legal systems. It was not always so. 400 years ago, the Dutch and British were arguing about access to the East Indian Spice Trade. The British invoked no lesser authority than Hugo Grotius. Had not Mare Liberum, already widely known as his work, advanced the principle of free navigation and trade? The British were less happy with Grotius’s response: pacta sunt servanda – contracts must be honoured: the Dutch had bought exclusive rights from local rulers to the spice harvest in exchange for military protection. So: the British were free to navigate, but must buy from the Dutch! And, 40 years on, a British riposte banning imports on foreign ships led to the first English (or, as we say, Dutch) trade war.
  • Rapportage Onderhoudsplan

    Rapportage Onderhoudsplan

    Rapportage Onderhoudsplan Gemeente Bodegraven-Reeuwijk Rapportage Onderhoudsplan Definitief Datum: 25 maart 2021 Gemeente Projectnummer: 18015 Bodegraven-Reeuwijk Auteurs: Hannemarie Hardeman, Senior onderzoeker Roanne van de Wijgaart, Onderzoeker Moventem BV T 0575 84 3738 E [email protected] W www.moventem.nl Moventem werkt conform de Gedragscode voor Onderzoek & Statistiek van de Nederlandse Marktonderzoek Associatie (MOA) en mag het Fair Data Keurmerk voeren, waarmee wordt aangetoond dat op verantwoorde wijze met data en persoonsgegevens wordt omgaan. Tevens is Moventem aangesloten bij de Europese Vereniging voor Marktonderzoek (ESOMAR) en wordt voldaan aan de Internationale Code voor Markt- en sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek. Dit rapport is met grote zorg samengesteld. Desondanks kan het voorkomen dat informatie fout en/of onvolledig is. Moventem is niet aansprakelijk voor enige directe of indirecte schade die zou kunnen ontstaan door het gebruik van de aangeboden informatie. 2 Gemeente Inhoudsopgave Bodegraven-Reeuwijk Management Samenvatting Pagina 4 1 Inleiding Pagina 8 1.1 Onderzoeksopzet Pagina 9 2 Resultaten Pagina 10 2.1 Bekendheid met onderhoudsplan Pagina 11 2.2 Verbeteringen openbare ruimte Pagina 12 2.3 Communicatie rond herinrichtingswerkzaamheden Pagina 52 2.4 Communicatie rond meldingen openbare ruimte Pagina 56 2.5 Samen verantwoordelijk voor openbare ruimte Pagina 61 2.6 Klimaatadaptatie Pagina 66 2.7 Natuurlijk groenbeheer Pagina 76 3 Bijlagen Pagina 79 Bijlage l Achtergrondvariabelen Pagina 80 Bijlage ll Onderzoeksverantwoording Pagina 81 3 Management Samenvatting 4 Gemeente Management samenvatting Bodegraven-Reeuwijk Bekendheid met onderhoudsplan Aan de respondenten is gevraagd of zij het huidige onderhoudsplan voor de leefomgeving voor de periode 2018-2021 kennen. 18% kent deze (enigszins). 38% heeft er wel eens van gehoord, maar kent het niet en 44% heeft er nog nooit van gehoord.
  • Holland and the Rise of Political Economy in Seventeenth-Century Europe

    Holland and the Rise of Political Economy in Seventeenth-Century Europe

    Journal of Interdisciplinary History, xl:2 (Autumn, 2009), 215–238. ACCOUNTING FOR GOVERNMENT Jacob Soll Accounting for Government: Holland and the Rise of Political Economy in Seventeenth-Century Europe The Dutch may ascribe their present grandeur to the virtue and frugality of their ancestors as they please, but what made that contemptible spot of the earth so considerable among the powers of Europe has been their political wisdom in postponing everything to merchandise and navigation [and] the unlimited liberty of conscience enjoyed among them. —Bernard de Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees (1714) In the Instructions for the Dauphin (1665), Louis XIV set out a train- ing course for his son. Whereas humanists and great ministers had cited the ancients, Louis cited none. Ever focused on the royal moi, he described how he overcame the troubles of the civil war of the Fronde, noble power, and ªscal problems. This was a modern handbook for a new kind of politics. Notably, Louis exhorted his son never to trust a prime minister, except in questions of ªnance, for which kings needed experts. Sounding like a Dutch stadtholder, Louis explained, “I took the precaution of assigning Colbert . with the title of Intendant, a man in whom I had the highest conªdence, because I knew that he was very dedicated, intelli- gent, and honest; and I have entrusted him then with keeping the register of funds that I have described to you.”1 Jean-Baptiste-Colbert (1619–1683), who had a merchant background, wrote the sections of the Instructions that pertained to ªnance. He advised the young prince to master ªnance through the handling of account books and the “disposition of registers” Jacob Soll is Associate Professor of History, Rutgers University, Camden.
  • Evolution and Ambition in the Career of Jan Lievens (1607-1674)

    Evolution and Ambition in the Career of Jan Lievens (1607-1674)

    ABSTRACT Title: EVOLUTION AND AMBITION IN THE CAREER OF JAN LIEVENS (1607-1674) Lloyd DeWitt, Ph.D., 2006 Directed By: Prof. Arthur K. Wheelock, Jr. Department of Art History and Archaeology The Dutch artist Jan Lievens (1607-1674) was viewed by his contemporaries as one of the most important artists of his age. Ambitious and self-confident, Lievens assimilated leading trends from Haarlem, Utrecht and Antwerp into a bold and monumental style that he refined during the late 1620s through close artistic interaction with Rembrandt van Rijn in Leiden, climaxing in a competition for a court commission. Lievens’s early Job on the Dung Heap and Raising of Lazarus demonstrate his careful adaptation of style and iconography to both theological and political conditions of his time. This much-discussed phase of Lievens’s life came to an end in 1631when Rembrandt left Leiden. Around 1631-1632 Lievens was transformed by his encounter with Anthony van Dyck, and his ambition to be a court artist led him to follow Van Dyck to London in the spring of 1632. His output of independent works in London was modest and entirely connected to Van Dyck and the English court, thus Lievens almost certainly worked in Van Dyck’s studio. In 1635, Lievens moved to Antwerp and returned to history painting, executing commissions for the Jesuits, and he also broadened his artistic vocabulary by mastering woodcut prints and landscape paintings. After a short and successful stay in Leiden in 1639, Lievens moved to Amsterdam permanently in 1644, and from 1648 until the end of his career was engaged in a string of important and prestigious civic and princely commissions in which he continued to demonstrate his aptitude for adapting to and assimilating the most current style of his day to his own somber monumentality.
  • Consuls, Corsairs, and Captives: the Creation of Dutch Diplomacy in The

    Consuls, Corsairs, and Captives: the Creation of Dutch Diplomacy in The

    University of Miami Scholarly Repository Open Access Dissertations Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2012-11-21 Consuls, Corsairs, and Captives: the Creation of Dutch Diplomacy in the Early Modern Mediterranean, 1596-1699 Erica Heinsen-Roach University of Miami, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations Recommended Citation Heinsen-Roach, Erica, "Consuls, Corsairs, and Captives: the Creation of Dutch Diplomacy in the Early Modern Mediterranean, 1596-1699" (2012). Open Access Dissertations. 891. https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/891 This Embargoed is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Scholarly Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI CONSULS, CORSAIRS, AND CAPTIVES: THE CREATION OF DUTCH DIPLOMACY IN THE EARLY MODERN MEDITERRANEAN, 1596-1699 By Erica Heinsen-Roach A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Miami in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Coral Gables, Florida December 2012 ©2012 Erica Heinsen-Roach All Rights Reserved UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy CONSULS, CORSAIRS, AND CAPTIVES: THE CREATION OF DUTCH DIPLOMACY IN THE EARLY MODERN MEDITERRANEAN, 1596-1699 Erica Heinsen-Roach Approved: ________________ _________________ Mary Lindemann, Ph.D. M. Brian Blake, Ph.D. Professor of History Dean of the Graduate School ________________ _________________ Hugh Thomas, Ph.D. Ashli White, Ph.D. Professor of History Professor of History ________________ Frank Palmeri, Ph.D.
  • 'Wij Hebben Met Schade Ende Schande Geleerd, Dat Die Sigh In

    'Wij Hebben Met Schade Ende Schande Geleerd, Dat Die Sigh In

    ‘Wij hebben met schade ende schande geleerd, dat die sigh in een schaep verandert vande wolven werd gegeten.’1 Staatse onderhandelingen met het Engelse Gemenebest en het Engeland van Karel II (1658- 1662). Leiden, 23 september 2020 1 Willem Nieupoort aan Johan de Witt, 25 december 1654. Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Archief van Johan de Witt (hierna NA), 3.01.17, 1662. Inhoudsopgave Inleiding p. 2 Hoofdstuk 1: Bergen van Goud en IJzer. p. 8 Hoofdstuk 2: ‘Wy [wierden] voor boesem vrienden gehouden.’ p. 13 Het Traktaat van Marine p. 14 De Noordse Oorlog p. 18 Oranje en Stuart p. 24 Conclusie p. 29 Hoofdstuk 3: ‘Une pomme de discorde.’ p. 31 Navigatie, Commercie en Visserij p. 33 De vrede met Portugal p. 42 De educatie van Willem III p. 47 Conclusie p. 53 Conclusie p. 54 Bronnen p. 57 Bronnenuitgaven p. 57 Literatuur p. 59 1 Inleiding ‘On Tuesday May the 29. His Majesty [Karel II] made his Entrance into the City of London: and it is very remarkeable that Tuesdays are […] to be observed in our Almanacks. It was on a Tuesday that my late Lord King Charls, Father to this present King, was beheaded. It was on a Tuesday that this King was born. It was on a Tuesday that he received the intelligence at Brussells, that a way was made for his inauguration in England. It was on a Tuesday that he came from Brussells to Breda. It was on a Tuesday he was Proclaimed King.’2 De bovenstaande inleiding op een lofdicht voor koning Karel II geeft een kort overzicht van de gebeurtenissen die de weg plaveiden voor de Restauratie van de Engelse monarchie in 1660.
  • Wood Extract 'The Dutch Republic'

    Wood Extract 'The Dutch Republic'

    Extract from Ellen Meiksins Wood: ‘The Dutch Republic’ Extract from Ellen Meiksins Wood: ‘The Dutch Republic’.1 In 1598 the Dutch child prodigy Huig de Groot, then barely fifteen years old, accompanied the Advocate of Holland, Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, on an extraordinary embassy from the States- General of the United Provinces to the French court. The purpose of the mission was to obtain whatever assistance it could from France against military threats to the Provinces' still precarious independence and stability as a free republic. Since William I (the Silent) of Orange had led a revolt of the Netherlands against Philip II of Spain in 1568, the Netherlands had been embroiled in more or less continuous conflict. Although the Dutch Republic was declared in 1588, the so-called Eighty Years' War with Spain would end only in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia; and throughout that period, which saw the Republic rise to extraordinary heights of economic and cultural success, its internal political life continued to be marked by intense civil strife. Oldenbarnevelt would play a central role in the formation of the Republic's political institutions and, as architect of the United East India Company, in its immense economic success, becoming effectively the leader of the Republic. Hugo Grotius, later known as the pioneer of international law and, according to some commentators, a major theorist of natural rights and even a founder of modern theories of natural law, began his precocious career as protege and then supporter of Oldenbarnevelt. While his close association with Oldenbarnevelt would … end badly when they fell victim to an especially ferocious factional dispute, his political ideas were rooted from beginning to end in the politics of the Dutch Republic, its civic conflicts and its vast commercial empire.
  • Spiritual Writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643)

    Spiritual Writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643)

    MARGARET VAN NOORT Spiritual Writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643) • Edited by CORDULA VAN WYHE Translated by SUSAN M. SMITH Iter Academic Press Toronto, Ontario Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tempe, Arizona 2015 Iter Academic Press Tel: 416/978–7074 Email: [email protected] Fax: 416/978–1668 Web: www.itergateway.org Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tel: 480/965–5900 Email: [email protected] Fax: 480/965–1681 Web: acmrs.org © 2015 Iter, Inc. and the Arizona Board of Regents for Arizona State University. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Noort, Margaret van, 1587–1646. [Works. Selections. English] Spiritual writings of Sister Margaret of the Mother of God (1635–1643) / Margaret van Noort ; edited by Cordula van Wyhe ; translated by Susan M. Smith. pages cm. — (The other voice in early modern Europe. The Toronto series ; 39) (Medieval and Renaissance texts and studies ; volume 480) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-86698-535-2 (alk. paper) 1. Noort, Margaret van, 1587–1646. 2. Spirituality—Catholic Church—Early works to 1800. 3. Spiritual life—Catholic Church—Early works to 1800. 4. Discalced Carmelite Nuns—Spiritual life. 5. Discalced Carmelite Nuns—Belgium—Diaries. 6. Discalced Carmelite Nuns—Belgium—Correspondence. I. Wyhe, Cordula van, editor. II. Smith, Susan M. (Susan Manell), translator. III. Title. BX4705.N844A25 2015 271’.97102--dc23 [B] 2015020362 Cover illustration: Saint Teresa of Ávila, Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640) / Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna GG 7119. Cover design: Maureen Morin, Information Technology Services, University of Toronto Libraries.
  • Walking in the Hague

    Walking in the Hague

    EN Walking in The Hague NINE CENTURIES OF HAGUE ARCHITECTURE A walking tour along historic and modern buildings in The Hague www.denhaag.com 1 Walking in The Hague Nine centuries of Hague architecture Welcome to The Hague. For over 400 years now, the city has been the seat of the Dutch government. Since 1981, it is a royal city again and a city of peace and justice. The Hague is more than 750 years old and has, over the last century-and-a-half, developed into a large urban conglomerate, with a great deal of activity, cultural facilities and first-rate shops. From a town of 75,000 inhabitants in 1850, The Hague has grown into the third largest city of the Netherlands with almost 500,000 inhabitants. Owing to this late but explosive growth, The Hague has very striking architecture from the 19th th and 20 century. The Hague Convention and Visitors Bureau has From 1900, the well-known architect H.P. Berlage created an interesting walk especially for lovers of (1856-1934) made his mark on the city. His brick architecture. You begin this walk of about two-and- buildings are sober in character; the decorations a-half hours on Hofweg, indicated on the map by a have been made subordinate to the architecture. We advise you to follow the route on the map. After Berlage, the architects of De Stijl and the New Of course, you can always take a break during your Realism strove for taut and functional architecture. walk for a visit to a museum or a nice cup of coffee.