Januar'l 1971 Volume 321 Nu.mber l

In This Issue- HENRY Voos, The Information Explosion; or, Re­ dundancy Reduces the Charge! ... ' DoNNA G. DAvis, Security Problems in College and University Libraries: Student Violence NEW EDITION OF AID HAS 90% MORE TERMS AID-3 is a strikingly new work that promises to be even more valuable than its heavily consulted predecessors. This reliable reference source contains over 80,000 entries, almost twice as many as the second AID. Since page size has been increased to 8W' x 11" with two columns to the page, nearly four times more terms are scannable on each page. Issues of New Acronyms and lnitialisms. supplements to A/0-3, are planned for 1971 and 1972; each issue of NAI will add about 12.500 new entries. (Supplements are paperbound; $15.00 each.) COVERAGE OF SPECIALIZED FIELDS MORE EXTENSIVE The great advances made recently in such fields as data processing. aerospace technology, and military affairs have prompted the creation of numerous acronyms for new projects and equipment. A The Apollo moonflights. for cronyms instance, introduced many new terms which were unknown when the second AID was And published five years ago. These include BIG- Biological Isolation Garment; LOI-Lunar lnl•ti.BII.SmS Orbit Insertion; and SRT -Sample Rock Container. Examples of other fresh material in o• t• AID-3 are the Motion Picture Association I c I 0 nary ratings (X. GP. etc.); the official Post Office two-letter designations for states; and the -New Edition a_bbreviations for hundreds of religious orders. "PREFABRICATED" TERMS GAIN POPULARITY If they are to be successful. current projects. movements, and other types of activities must be quickly identified by the public. To achieve this end. eye-catching acronyms are often coined first and then fleshed out with more-or-less appropriate words. AID-3 presents many new examples of this type of acronym. For example. from the fields of ecology and conservation come such terms as GOO-Get Oil Out; YUK-Youth Uncovering Krud; and ENACT -Environmental Action. The great sex e~ucation debate has given birth to MOMS-Mothers for Moral Stability; SOS­ Sa.nity on Sex; and POSSE-Parents Opposed to Sex and Sensitivity Training. ENTRIES REFLECT CONTEMPORARY CONCERNS All of modern man's interests. aims. and problems are represented in the many new entries in AID-3 that refer to social and political groups and developments. For example, the flourishing Women's Liberation Movement has fostered such groups as NOW-National Organization for Women ; POWER-Professionals Organized for Women's Equal Rights; and OWL-Older Women's Liberation. Those opposed to the Movement have banded together to form such organizations as THEN-Those Hags Encourage Neuterism; WOW-Women Our Wonders; and MOM-Men Our Masters. These sample entries indicate the timely, essential nature of the vast amount of information contained in AID-3.

ACRONYMS & INITIALISMS DICTIONARY-THIRD EDITION Available Immediately ... xvi + 484 pages ... $22.50 Subscribe Now for New Acronyms & lnitialisms (1971 & 1972) .. . $15.00 each All orders sent on our thirty-day free examination plan Gale Research Company BOOK TOWER • DETROIT. MICHIGAN 48226 Selected sets from BOOKS FOR COLLEGE LIB-RARIES on microfiche immediate delivery

Bancroft, H. H. WORKS. San Francisco, 1882-90, 39 vols. LC card no. 1-22696. [BCL, p. 243] ...... $199.00 THE BRITISH THEATRE. London, 1908. 25 vols. [BCL, p. 639] . . . . $ 60.00 Byron, G. WORKS. N.Y., 1898-1905, 13 vols. LC card no. 6-25677 [BCL, p. 667] ...... $ 50.0(} Chalmers, A. THE WORKS OF THE ENGLISH POETS. London, 1810. 21 vols. [ BCL, p. 636] ...... $ 80.00 Clemens, S. L. WRITINGS OF MARK TWAIN. N.Y., 1869-1909. 25 vols. LC card no. A10-453. [BCL, p. 722] ...... $ 70.00 Fielding, H. COMPLETE WORKS. N.Y., 1902. 16 vols. [BCL, p. 656] ... $ 50.00 Franklin, B. WRITINGS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. N.Y., Macmillan, 1907. 10 vols. LC card no. 33-12844. [BCL, p. 213] ...... $ 35.00 Hakluyt Society. PUBLICATIONS. Series I, Nos. 1-100, and, Series II, Nos. 1-107. [BCL, p. 262] ...... $512.00 Hamilton, A. WORKS. N.Y., Putnam, 1902. 12 vols. [BCL, p. 213] ...... $ 50.00 James, H. THE NOVELS AND TALES OF HENRY JAMES. N.Y., 1907-17. 26 vols. [ BCL, p. 729] ...... $ 85.00 JESUIT RELATIONS AND ALLIED DOCUMENTS. 1896-1901. 73 vols. [BCL, p. 247] ...... $ 97.00 Madison, J. THE WRITING OF JAMES MADISON. N.Y., 1900-10. 9 vols. [ BCL, p. 213] ...... $ 30.00 Morris, W. COLLECTED WORKS. N.Y., 1910-15. 24 vols. [BCL, p. 677] ...... $ 55.00 U.S. Bureau of the Census. STATISTICAL ABSTRACT OF THE UNITED STATES, 1878-1955. [BCL, p. 287] ...... $299.00 U.S. Supt. of Documents. MONTHLY CATALOG OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS, 1885-1960. [BCL, p. 881] ...... $510.00 Washington, G. THE WRITINGS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. Washington, 1931-44. 39 vols. [BCL, p. 214] ...... $ 130.00

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I., From Baker & Taylor-- A reliable - --- monthly information source for new scholarly books Each month Baker & Taylor's new appear long after publication. publication, CURRENT BOOKS FOR ACADEMIC LIBRARIES, keeps uni­ If your university, college or special versity, college and special libraries I ibrary is not now using CURRENT abreast of virtually all new books of BOOKS FOR ACADEMIC LIBRAR­ interest to them. And, it provides an IES, please write to your nearest opportunity to select new titles for Baker & Taylor · division. We'll be fast delivery-without the necessity pleased to send you a sample copy. for wading through masses of pre­ One subscription is available to in­ publication material or awaiting re­ dividual university, college and spe­ views of scholarly books which often cial libraries without charge. Ho ~~ L~ THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO• • 0 OLDEST & LARGEST BOOK WHOLESALER IN THE UNITED STATES ~DED \'f. Eastern Division: Somerville, N.J. 08876, 50 Kirby Ave. Baker & Taylor New Books Inspection Centers: Midwest & Southern Division: Momence, Ill. 60954 Los Angeles, Calif. 90036, 5820 Wilshire Blvd. Western Division: Reno, Nev. 89502, 380 Edison Way Houston, Tex. 77019, 1701 W. Gray St. Interstate Library Service Co.: (A Subsidiary): Boston Vicinity: 372 Main St. , Watertown, Mass. 02172 Oklahoma City, Okla. 73118, 4600 N. Cooper College JANUARY 1971 VOLUME 32 ' Research NUMBER 1 Libraries CONTENTS Willimn H. Webb 5 Editorial Henry Voos 7 The Information Explosion; or, Redun­ dancy Reduces the Charge! Donna G. Davis 15 Security Problems in College and Uni­ versity Libraries: Student Violence Betty ]o Irvine 23 Slide Classification: A Historical Survey ]o-Ann Davis, Roberta Boone, and Irene Braden Hoadley 31 Of Making Many Books: A Library Pub­ lication Program Eugene ]. Sheehy 36 Selected Reference Books of 1969-70 46 Recent Publications 46 Book Reviews 46 East Central Europe; A Guide to Basic Publications, by Paul Horecky, ed., Felix Reichmann 48 California Local History: A Bibliography and Union List of Library Holdings, ed. by Margaret Miller Rocq, Lawrence Clark Powell 50 Library Issues: The Sixties, ed. by Eric Moon and Karl Nyren, Ervin]. Gaines 50 The Economics of Book Storage in College and University Libraries, by Ralph E. Ellsworth, ]oe W. Kraus 51 Alternative Press Index, Theodore Iurgen Spahn 53 Interlibrary Loan Involving Academic Li­ braries, by Sarah Katherine Thomson, Margaret D. Uridge 54 A Bibliography of Works in English on Early Russian History to 1800, comp. by Peter A. Crowther, ]ames Cobb Mills, ]r. 55 Nicknames and Sobriquets of U.S. Cities and States, by Joseph Nathan Kane and Gerald L. Alexander, Paul H. Spence 55 Index to American Little Magazines 1920- 1939, comp. by Stephen H. Goode, ]. M. Edelstein 57 Books Received 59 Abstracts 64 Letters College )- Research

Editor: Libraries RICHARD M. DouGHERTY Professor of Library Science Syracuse U Diversity Syracuse, New York 13210 Manuscripts of articles and copies of books submitted for review should be ad­ Associate Editor: dressed to Richard M. Dougherty, editor, WILLIAM H. WEBB College & Research Libraries, School of University Bibliographer library Science, Syracuse University, Syra­ University of Colorado Libraries cuse, New York 13210. All articles submit­ Boulder, Colorado 80302 ted must be accompanied by an abstract News Editor: of from 75 to 100 words in length. Material for the News issues should be sent to MICHAEL HERBISON Michael Herbison, Casper College, Casper, Assistant Librarian Wyoming 82601. Casper Community College Inclusion of an article or advertisement 125 College Drive, Casper, \Vyoming 82601 in CRL does not constitute official en­ dorsement by ACRL or ALA. Editorial Board: Production and Advertising and Circula­ H. WILLIAM AxFORD tion office: 50 East Huron Street, Chicago, University Librarian Ill. 60611. Change of address and orders Arizona State University for subscription should be addressed to Matthews Library College & Research Libraries, for receipt Tempe, Arizona 85281 at the above address, at least two months before the publication date of the effective RICHARD DE GENNARO issue. Director of Libraries Subscription to CRL is included in mem­ University of Pennsylvania bership dues to ACRL of $6 or more; other Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 subscriptions are $10 per year, and neither includes miscellaneous unscheduled sup­ FRED J. HEINRITZ plements, which are available by purchase Professor of Library Science only. Retroactive subscriptions are not ac­ Southern Connecticut State College cepted. Single journal copies are available New Haven, Connecticut 06515 at $1.50 each and News issues at $1.00 each from ALA Publishing Department. DAVID w. HERON Indexed in Current Contents, Library Director of Libraries Literature and Science Citation Index. Ab­ University of Kansas stracted in Library & Information Science Lawrence, Kansas 66044 Abstracts. Book reviews indexed in Book Review Index. PETER HIATT College & Research Libraries is the offi­ Program Director cial journal of the Association of College WICHE Continuing Education Program for and Research Libraries, a division of the Library Personnel American Library Association, and is pub­ Boulder, Colorado 80302 lished seventeen times per year-bimonth­ ly as a technical journal with 11 monthly ELLSWORTH G. MASON News issues, combining July-August-at Director of Library Science 1201-05 Bluff St., Fulton, Mo. 65251. Hofstra U Diversity Second-class postage paid at Fulton, Mo. Hempstead, Long Island, New York 11550 The Greening of the Library

Surely it is possible for librarians to come to grips with the decade of the seventies! Now that we have caught our breath as we start the second half of the academic year, and now that we are indeed sure that we are well into the sev­ enties, academic librarians can be forgiven some self-questioning. One question which formerly served as a touchstone to the process was: Where is the com­ puter in my life? The glamorous sixties-compounded of one part computer manufacturers' hy­ perbole and one part systems analysts' jargon, mixed with two parts of our own fear and gee whiz incomprehension-have faded, but will there come about in the seventies a flinty-eyed realism, controlled and controllable aims, and more pre­ cise cost consciousness where computers are concerned? The conventional wisdom tells us that as we move into what Brzezinski has called the Technetronic Era, , we will surely shrug off our accumulated hangups from the nineteenth century; · we will master our computerized environment; we will neither fear nor adore the .·~ machine, we will use it. But what if the conventional wisdom is wrong, or even just wide of the mark? What if neither the peculiar standpatism favored by the Nixon administration per­ sists, nor the total dissolution desired by the hairy Left really happens? What if people like Charles ("The Greening of America") Reich are right? What if the established consciousness is doomed?-that is, what if enough people get high on self-awareness, become sated with the shams of the political structures, refuse to tolerate the madness of the corporate state? What if the new consciousness, the new spirit, becomes old hat during the seventies? Then the librarian will not ask: Where is the computer in my life? Rather, he or she may well ask: Where is the love in my computerized library's life? The latter is not just a different question, but a different kind of question altogether, for its premise is something totally unsuspected by the hard-working drones in contemporary American libraries. Just as the "little old librarian" of recent memory was written off because "she" could neither comprehend nor accept computer ma­ nipulation of library problems, so the "modern academic librarian" is in imminent peril of being ignored by the new spirit on the campus. That new spirit does not demand ever larger and larger libraries, ever larger and larger budgets, or ever larger and larger computers and computer products. Rather, that rapidly growing minority infected by the new spirit insists that the function of a library is to serve people as people-and not as "patrons," "clients," or (worse yet) as "mere numbers." The new spirit suggests that the purpose of the librarian is to help explain (with all the tools available) mankind to man and each man to himself. If the library and its librarians fend off the questioners and avoid confrontations with the new consciousness, then surely they will lose the opportu­ nity of coming close to the concerns of present day students. They will not touch reality and they will surely be forgotten. The solution to problems lies not in giving right or even "wrong" answers, but in asking relevant questions. w. H. WEBB / 5 NOW YOU CAN GET&rE EYRE ONTHESHE S AS FAST AS WINNIE THE POOH.

After years of supplying LJ Cards for children's books, we've now grown to adults'. LJ catalog card sets are now available for all English language adult titles published from 1969 on. Our adult card sets are designed to accomplish the same thing as LJ processing kits for juvenile titles-namely, to get new acquisitions on the shelves while they're still new. So, as with all LJ Cards, we guarantee to fill your order within 10 days after receiving it-provided, of course, the book has been published. If we fail, return the order and we'll return your money. (To make sure we don't have to return any money, we've recently increased our order­ handling staff by 250%. And our facilities by 300%.) You can order adult card sets three ways: with standard Library of Congress order slips; copies of multiple order forms; or any 3"by 5" slip listing author, title, publisher, date of publication, and edition. The price is $.35 per set. And no matter how you do it, you can now have what elementary and high school librarians have had for some time. An up-to-date reading room. Instead of just an up-to-date storage room. XEROX BiblioGraphies 2500 Schuster Drive, Cheverly, Md. 20781 HENRY VOOS The Information Explosion; or, Redundancy Reduces the Charge!

The information explosion has been blamed for the backlogs in li- · braries and information centers and for the inability of these centers and libraries to provide relevant information quickly. It has been used to justify the use of automation. An examination of the literature since the early fifties has shown that the library world has been aware of the problem, but has done very little about it. Some preliminary ex­ periments reveal extensive dual publication between technical re­ ports and journal articles; dual indexing and announcement have also contributed to what is more properly called a paper explosion. Methods of decreasing dual publication are suggested.

p U BLISHING'S WALL STREET gold rush of Modern information technology has made a few years back was set off by an attempt it possible to place much of the accumu­ to capitalize on the "information explosion" lated knowledge of the human race with­ and a belief that expenditures on educa­ in reach of a man's fingertips, so to speak. tional materials would continue to climb But the capacity of executives, scientists, ever onward and upward. Now with cut­ and scholars to absorb information has not backs in Health, Education and Welfare increased. Therefore, as the amount of funds signaling that the education boom is available information grows, there is a par­ leveling off, and the information explosion allel need for a more precise capability to sputtering on a slow fuse, it appears that retrieve specific data in any area of inter­ the money men are tucking in their tails est.2 a bit.1 The academic world is now confronted with The literature, or the information ex­ having not too little but too much informa­ plosion (these are not identical), has tion available. The student's problem used been blamed for the current problems to be that he could not find enough ma­ facing librarians and information scien­ terial on his topic, whether it was the cri£is tists in handling and utilizing the infor­ in the Congo or butterflies in Brazil. N dw -with the aid of up-to-date bibliographical mation that is needed by scientists and tools, abstract services, and indexes-he is engineers. Burton Adkinson and Charles surfeited with sources. Stearns quote a Systems Development Corporation report which states: Librarians and archivists are also feeling the effects of the publication explosion. They are overwhelmed with book catalogs Dr. Voos is Associate Professor at Rut­ and reprint edition catalogs, to say nothing gers University, Graduate School of Li­ of the ever growing size of Publisher's brary Service. This paper was partially W eekly.3 funded by the Research Council of Rut­ gers University. Adkinson and Stearns further elaborate / 7 8 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971

TABLE 1 CoNTENT ANALYSIS: No. oF MENTIONs

Journal 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Average American Documentation 10.00 15.38 15.78 3.84 16.36 20.00 13.56 Special Libraries 7.14 24.32 13.04 5.55 22.22 20.69 15.49 College & Res. Lib. 9.43 6.89 4.44 4.17 7.01 9.61 6.93 Lib. Res. & Tech. Serv. 8.16 13.79 6.82 4.55 8.57 6.06 7.99 Average no. of times used 8.34 15.09 10.02 4.53 13.54 14.09 that the problem in library utilization of neoplasm" would be better. Since it has computers "arises out of a long history been going on for so long, it must have of financial starvation of library manage­ been noticed, and something must have ment. It has been intensified in recent been done about it. In the mid-thirties, years by the exponentially increasing some people were so alarmed about the paper explosion that they proposed a two­ amount of information that has to be year moratorium on all research and de­ obtained and filed, and the increasing velopment so they could "catch up."5 library manpower and space that this entails."4 This problem has been used There are many references concern­ in numerous articles as a launching de­ ing the extent of the explosion, some of . vice or excuse for whatever the author which are in the bibliography at the end was writing about. To determine wheth­ of this article. However, not everyone er the use of "information explosion" or has agreed that the explosion is as large words to that effect occurred with regu­ as has been stated. larity in the library literature and that During the past 10 or 15 years innumer­ of information science, a content analy­ able papers were written which empha­ sis was performed on four American li­ sized in an introductory sentence the im­ brary journals for the years 1964 through portant and far-reaching consequences of 1969: American Documentation, Special the so-called information explosion. The use of this phrase seems to imply that the Libraries, Library Resources & Tech­ tremendous increase in the number of pub­ nical Servioes, and College & Research lications automatically produces a corre­ Libraries. (See Table 1.) Excluded from sponding growth in "information" or knowl­ the analysis were articles which were edge. But is this true?6 bibliograp~ies, reports of committees, de­ It is possible that the so-called information scriptions of libraries, and state-of-the­ explosion is not as serious as has been art on such items as reproduction meth­ thought. 7 ods. . . . despite frequent references in the Although it is difficult to assess the press and elsewhere concerning an expo­ significance of this mention (it is signifi­ nential growth in technical literature, there cant at the .05 level using the Friedman does not seem to be any evidence to this two-way analysis of variance by ranks), effect.s it is obvious that 1nany professionals in Nlost of the library and information the field are using the "information ex­ science literature tends to concentrate plosion" in their articles for a variety of on handling the flood rather than dam­ reasons. ming (damning) it. One factor that pro­ Librarians today are concerned about vides evidence that the explosion is real­ something that has been called a paper ex­ ly not a flood of new information is the plosion. This is not the best description of extent to which much of what is written a phenomenon that has been going on for is redundant. This paper will try to ana­ thirty or forty years-perhaps "creeping lyze the redundancy. The problems The Information Explosion I 9 seemingly created by the explosion The open literature (articles and technical might thus be more deeply analyzed papers) listed in TAB is also listed in and more fruitfully resolved by studying standard commercial indexes available in the input rather than bemoaning the all technical information centers. Inclusion output. of this material in TAB seems to serve no useful purpose while adding to the dupli­ The factor of redundancy can be cation already prevalent in commercial in­ looked at from at least two sides: the dexes. This merely increases the time re­ first is the multiple indexing of the same quired by a literature scientist to complete material in different indexes and in dif­ a search as he will encounter the same ferent ways; and the second is the re­ item several times.10 .. publication of the same or similar ma­ A prime attack was made on this by terial in a variety of media. Martyn when he showed that, in certain The more time a literature searcher fields, only an additional percentage spends culling through indexes for ma­ point of information is gained by scan­ terial that might be relevant, but which ning more · than the prime abstracting has already been scanned by him with­ journal. A reinforcement of Beltran's out his being aware of it, the more time point is that the Technical Abstract Bul­ is wasted, and the more it costs to letin (TAB) and U.S. Government Re­ search the literature. J. J. Ebersole in search and Development Reports (US­ looking at this problem states_: GRDR) both index and cite items by As more indexing and abstracting services corporate authors, while most commer­ are created, as the volume of knowledge cial indexes use either author or title, increases, and as it becomes increasingly but not corporate authors. , interdisciplinary in character there will be Although Beltran claims that the an increasing problem of overlap among open literature was only announced in these services. The major manifestations of TAB beginning with Bulletin no. 65-7 this overlap consist of two or more organi­ ( 1 April 1965) and although he found zations indexing and abstracting the same document. an average of 6.47 percent of "open lit­ erature unavailable" reports, the author He then goes on to analyze some of the presents his findings based on a random journals being indexed and abstracted sample from the TAB and USGRDR for 11 and states that "an analysis of 17,000 1961 and 1963-68. ( See Table 2. ) journals covered by 11 of the 18 profes­ sion-oriented services in 1961 showed a TABLE 2 50 percent overlap in journal coverage REPRINTS ANNOUNCED AS REPORTS among these 11 services alone." He con­ tinues: Year No. in Sample No. of Reprints % 1961 1222 152 12 Although these costs are dramatic, they 1963 1118 79 7 are probably exceeded both absolutely and 1964 2852 512 18 relatively by the duplication existing in the 1965 630 54 9 coverage of technical reports. This dupli­ 1967 71 21 30 cation cosJ extends not only through the 1968 53 15 28 community of indexing and abstracting services, but thJough the vast complex of It is obvious from the ranges that a more libraries and information centers operating definitive study with larger sample size in hundreds of companies and government is required, but the extent of this re­ agencies.9 dundant indexing is certainly evident. This view is also echoed by Alfred A. Many of the announced research re­ Beltran: ports are later published in some form 10 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 as articles. This adds the second di­ books by Taube and Shera serve as ex­ mension of redundancy to the explosion. amples.13 The justification for republish­ Reprinting, or dual publication, has at ing, as mentioned before, is the exten­ times been advocated in order to reach sion of the audience. This justification multiple audiences. F. W. Hunt explores has been used, as well as some of the the reasons for dual publication: publish others previously mentioned, for pub­ or perish, immediacy vs permanence, lishing abbreviated versions of disserta­ more depth in indexing of the report vs tions in journals. the journal, assertion vs authenticity, un­ Redundancy as a factor has been availability of space in journals, and the brought to the attention of the informa­ philosophy that a report is not a publi­ tion and publication fields before. The cation.12 National Science Foundation reported To determine whether the redundan­ in 1952 that in a sample of 84 reports in cy factor could be verified in another various fields, 56 percent had already way, a random sample ( 1 percent) of appeared in whole or in part, 13 percent citations was taken from Chemical Ab­ were in the process of publication, and stracts for the years 1955 and 1960. Ex­ 2 percent would be published. In addi­ cluded from the sample were patents tion, 6 percent were easily obtainable~ and non-American articles. The Defense and 21 percent were unsuitable for pub­ Documentation Center was then request­ lication. Of the 47 reports which had been ed to run a search on the authors of the published in whole or in part, 71 publi­ articles selected from Chemical Ab­ cations have resulted.14 Note that a fac­ stracts. The search showed that in 1955 tor of 1.5 seems to exist in terms of 11 percent of the articles were avail-' multiple publication. able in report form, and in 1960, 27 per­ In 1956, as a project of the National cent of the articles were available in re­ Science Foundation, the Library of Con­ port form. It is also interesting to note gress did a survey using a sample from that in 1955 about 11 percent were theses the Technical Information Pilot of 1952~ or extracts from dissertations, and in to determine the extent of republica­ 1960 only 6 percent fell within this cate­ tion or dual publication of technical re­ gory. ports. This report showed that 48 per­ Another form of redundancy is there­ cent of the information in the technical publication in book form of articles pre­ reports containing publishable informa­ viously available as either journal ar­ tion had been published in the open lit­ ticles or technical reports. Examples of erature in its entirety (this is on(y' 21 such republication are the many volumes percent of all the reports published ) ~ of ''Readings'' in various fields. A cur­ another 14 percent of the reports had sory look at the 1970 Paperbound Books published more than 75 percent of their in Print ( v.14, no. 10) shows that about information in the open literature, an .3 percent of the 80,000 titles announced additional 8 percent had published more is in this category, and about .2 percent than half in open literature, and 3 per­ of the 245,000 titles announced as hard­ cent had published more than 25 per­ bound in the 1967 Books in Print fall cent in the open literature. This left only within this category. 23 percent of unclassified, unlimited in­ A further example of redundant pub­ formation that had not also reached the lishing as a contributory factor to the open literature. The reasons for the non­ literature explosion is the republication publication of this 23 percent ranged of the writings of a single author. In the from the fact that the material in the re­ field of library and information science, port had become obsolete, through rea- The Information Explosion I 11 sons such as <manuscript not yet The study warns that the figures might completed,,, or "manuscript completed, be skewed because the Technical Infor­ but not yet ready for publication.', Only mation Pilo.t operated under an Office of 1.7 percent of the authors stated that Naval Research contract, that the ONR

TABLE 3 EsTIMATED PERCENTAGE oF SUBsTANCE OR CoNTENT oF TECHNICAL REPORTS APPEARING IN SciENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERIODICALS AND TIME REQUIRED FOR PUBLICATION ... =..c~ t=..c~ Q)=..cl 00 ~ . s~ ~ 0 Q ~ '.tl ~ ~~ :0~ .... -aQ) ~ ....O"acn Q)Q) ~-Q) ""SQ) Q) ~~ 5-E.~G>Sp::; .5~ .... ~ op::; ~op::; ~ o...,. ~~ ~~u~ .... u~ c-10 0 Department of Agriculture 48 15 18 15 Commerce: National Bureau of Standards 80 80 Coast and Geodetic Survey 80 70 10 Patent Office 50 25 25 Weather Bureau 60 30 25 5 Public Roads 90 60 25 5 Department of Defense: Office of the Secretary of Defense 15 4 7 4 Department of the Army 40 33 5 2 Department of the Air Force 30 10 10 10 Department of the Navy N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Food and Drug Administration 100 75 20 5 Office of Education 11 10 1 St. Elizabeth's Hospital 75 75 National Center for Health Statistics 10 5 5 National Institutes of Health 98 40 52 6 Bureau of Medical Services 75 75 Bureau of State Services (Environmental Health) 86 40 40 6 Division of Accident Prevention 90 80 10 Communicable Disease Center 75 75 Division of Dental Public Health and Resources 80 50 20 10 Division of Hospital and Medical Facilities 95 40 40 15 Division of Nursing 90 90 Social Security Administration 95 75 20 Division of Vocational Rehabilitation 55 46 6 3 Department of Interior 5Q-90 1G-75 25-90 5Q-90 Department of Labor 8Q-90 8Q-90 Department of State: Agency for International Development 80 80 Department of the Treasury: Coast Guard 100 100 Post Office Department (1) (1) Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (2) Federal Aviation Agency 5 5 Federal Communications Commission 100 25 25 50 Federal Housing Administration 90 50 25 15 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 25 6 12 7 National Science Foundation 95 65 20 10 Office of Emergency Planning 10 10 Smithsonian Institution 100 10 80 10 Tennessee Valley Authority 50 28 12 10 Veterans' Administration 45 41 4

1 Under 10. 2 Less than 5. N.A.-Not available. 12 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 placed great emphasis on journal publi­ 5. Make strenuous efforts to eliminate cation, and that many of the reports did the "publish or perish" syndrome in uni­ not contain anything publishable.15 versities. In 1955, Alan T. Waterman stated The very bulk of scientific publications is that in a sample of 100 reports, 25 in itself delusive. It is of very unequal value; each of four fields, the authors were a large proportion of it, possibly as much asked whether the information in the re­ as three-quarters, does not deserve to be ports had been or would be published published at all, and is only published for in the open literature. 56 percent stated economic considerations which have noth­ that they had also been published in ing to do with the real interests of science. whole or in part in the open literature, The position of every scientific worker has 16 percent were in the process of pub­ been made to depend far too much on the lication, and 6 percent had been an­ bulk rather than the quality of his scien­ tific publications. Publication is often pre­ nounced in journals.16 mature and dictated by the need of es­ The Elliot report provides some data tablishing priorities ... ,19 on time lag and extent of publication of the technical report and the same item There is sufficient evidence, even with published in a periodical.17 Table 3 is limited sampling, to show that redun­ copied from the report. dancy contributes heavily to the litera­ A variety of recommendations have ture explosion. It also provides addition­ been made to reduce redundancy in the al evidence that the explosion is not one literature. of information, but rather one of paper. Additional research, including cost ben­ 1. To reduce the time that a literature efit studies on nonpublication might searcher must spend scanning the in­ help to solve part of the problem. Rather dexes and abstracts, the Clearinghouse than finding ways of coping with the for Federal Scientific and Technical In­ explosion, more effort should be devoted formation should cease to announce re­ to investigating its real causes and its ex­ prints, even if they are the products of tent in other than gross figures. government and government-contracted research and development. Since the journal articles are generally abstracted REFERENCES in the standard abstracting and indexing 1. Richard Lingeman, . "American Note­ journals, much time and money could book," New York Times Book Review be saved in announcing, acquiring, cata­ (Mar. 1, 1970), p.24. loging, and searching if they were not 2. B. A. Adkinson and C. M. Steams, announced in-USGRDR. "Libraries and Machines-a Review," 2. Government contract requirements American Documentation 18: 121 should be modified so that fewer reports (1967) 0 need be issued. ' 3. K. M. Glazier, "Paper Pollution," Wil­ 3. The system of refereeing should be son Library Bulletin 44 :'856 ( 1970) . tightened. 4. Adkinson and Stearns, "Libraries and Machines," p.123. 4. Preprints should be a standard dis­ 5. M. E. Freeman, "The Science Infor­ tribution mechanism for many items that mation Exchange As a Source of In­ later find their way into print (which formation," Special Libraries 59:86

should not). Moore's survey revealed ( 1968) 0 that 40 percent of the members distrib­ ' 6. Gertrude London, "The Publication uted preprints to as many as 200 col­ Inflation," American Documentation leagues on an average of nine months 19:137 (1968). to one year before publication.18 7. L. H. Mantell, "On Laws of Special The Information Explosion I 13

Abilities and the Production of Scien­ Science (London: Routledge, 1939), tific Literature," American Documen­ p.118. tatum 17: 8 ( 1966) . 8. Ibid., p.13-14. BIBLIOGRAPHY 9. J. L. Ebersole, "An Operating Model The bibliography which follows is not of a National Information System," exhaustive, but rather, is indicative of the American Documentation 17:33 quantity of literature pertaining to the "in­ ( 1966). formation explosion" through the years. It 10. A. A. Belb·an, "Evaluation of DDC has appeared in a normal distribution fre­ TAB from Various Points of View," in quency pattern, with most articles being Regional Workshop on the Report Lit­ published between 1965 and 1969. (This erature (Albuquerque, N .M., 1965), paper is my contribution to that same pa­ Proceedings . . . Western Periodicals, per explosion.) 1965. p.84. 11. Ibid., p.83. Adkinson, W. A. and Stearns, C. M. ~~Li­ 12. East Coast Navy Interlaboratory Com­ braries and Machines-A Review." Ameri­ mittee on Editing and Publishing, can Documentation 18:121-4 (1967). Some Views on Dual Publication, by Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua. "Is Information Re­ F. H. Hunt. Oct. 1, 1968. (Monograph trieval Approaching a Crisis?," in his Lan­ no. 5, AD676523), p.2-3. guage and Information, p.365-72. Reading, 13. M. Taube, Studies in Coordinate In­ Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1964. (Also in dexing, v.1-6 (Washington, D.C.: Amer. Doc. 14:95-8 (1963).) Documentation Inc., 1953-1965). Beltran, A. A. "Evaluation of DDC TAB J. Shera, Documentation & the Organi­ from Various Points of View," in Regional zation of Knowledge (Archon, 1966). Workshop on the Report Literature, Al­ --,Libraries & the Organization of buquerque, N.M., Proceedings, p.78-85. Knowledge (Archon, 1965). Western Periodicals, 1965. 14. National Science Foundation, Prelim­ inary Study of Unclassified Govern­ Bernal, J. D. The Social Function of Sci­ ment Technical Reports (July 31, ence. London: Routledge, 1939. 1952), 6p. --. "The Supply of Information to the 15. Library of Congress, Final Report on Scientist: Some Problems of the Present Study of Publications Stemming from Day." journal of Documentation 13:195- Defense-Related Technical Reports by 208 ( 1957). D. E. Grey and S. Rosen borg (Dec. --. "Transmission of Scientific Informa­ 1956), 8p. tion: A User's Analysis," in International 16. Alan T. Waterman, "The Future of Conference on Scientific Information, Wash­ Report Literature," in B. M. Fry and ington, D.C., Proceedings, v.1, p.77-95. J. J. Kortendick, The Production and Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Use of Technical Reports (Washing­ Sciences, Nat'l Research Council, 1959. ton, D.C.: Catholic University, 1955), Bourne, C. P. Methods of Information Han­ p.6-7. dling. N.Y., Wiley, 1963. p.1-10. 17. U.S. Congress, House, 88th Congress, --."The World's Technical Journal Lit­ 2d Session, Select Committee on Gov­ erature: An Estimate of Volume, Origin, ernment Research, Documentation and Language, Field, Indexing and Abstract­ Dissemination of Research and Devel­ ing." American Documentation 13:159-68 opment Results, Study no. IV (Wash­ (1962). ington, D.C.: Govt. Print. Off., 1964), p.37. Brown, L. "Opening Session Address," in 18. C. A. Moore, "Preprints: An Old In­ International Conference on Scientific In­ formation Device with New Outlooks," formation, Wash., D.C. Proceedings, v.1, ]ournal of Chemical Documentation p.3-8. Washington, D.C.: National Acade­ 5:126-8 ( 1965). my of Sciences, Nat'l Res. Council, 1959. 19. J. D. Bernal, The Social Function of Conference on Problems of Centralized 141 College & Research Libraries • January 1971

Documentation. Proceedings. . .. June erature." American Documentation 17:8- 1949. (ATI 73852) p.37. 16 (1966). East Coast Navy Interlaboratory Committee Mellanby, K. A. "A Damp Squib." New on Editing and Publishing. Some Views on Scientist 33:626-72 ( 1967). Dual Publication, by F. H. Hunt. 1 Oct. Miller, E. E. "The Genesis and Character­ 1968. (Monograph no. 5; AD676523) 5p. istics of Report Literature." American Doc­ Ebersole, J. L. "An Operating Model of a umentation 3:91-4 ( 1952). National Information System." American Moore, C. A. "Preprints: An Old Informa­ Documentation 17:33-40 ( 1966) . tion Device with New Outlooks." Journal of Federal Council for Science and Technol­ Chemical DocUmentation 5: 126-8 ( 1965). ogy. The Role of the Technical Report in "The National Information Problem." SDC Scientific and Technological Communica­ Magazine 9:1-15 ( 1966). tion. Dec. 1968. (PB180944) 108p. National Science Foundation. Preliminary Freeman, M. E. "The Science Information Study of Unclassified Government Tech­ Exchange as a Source of Information.'' nical Reports, 31 July 1952. 6p. Special Libraries 59: 86 ( 1968) . ·overhage, C. F. J. ccScience Libraries: Glazier, K. M. "Paper Pollution." Wilson Prospects and Problems." Science 155: Library Bulletin 44:856-7 ( 1970). 802-6 (1967). Goudsmit, S. A. "Is the Literature Worth President's Science Advisory Committee. Retrieving?" :Physics Today 19:52-5 Science, Government, and Information. (1966). Washington, D.C.: Govt. Print. Off., 1963. Gray, D. E. and S. Rosenborg. "Do Tech­ p.19-20. nical Reports Become Published Papers?" Price, D. J. deS. "A Calculus of Science." Physics Today 10(6):18-21 (June 1957). International Science and Technology, no. Also published as: Library of Congress. 15, p.37-42 (March 1963). Final Report on Study of Publication Stem­ --. "The Ethics of Scientific Publica­ ming from Defense-Related Technical Re­ tion." Science 144:655-7 (1964). ports, Dec. 1956. --. Little Science, Big Science. New Heumann, Karl. "Report Utilization York: Columbia, 1963. Through Intelligence Sections," in B. M. Scrivenor, Thomas. c'The Growth of Sci­ Fry, and J. J. Kortendick, eds., The Pro­ entific Literature," in ASLIB 38th Annual duction and Use of Technical Reports, Conference, 1964. Looking Forward in p.111-15. Washington, D.C.: Catholic Uni­ Documentation. London, 1964. p.3-9. versity, 1955. U.S., Congress. House. Select Committee "The Information Deluge." The Johns on Government Operations, 88th, 2d sess. Hopkins Magazine 17 ( 4): 1-33 (Fall Documentation and Dissemination of Re­ 1967). search and Development Results. Washing­ Johns Hopkins University. Reports of Stud­ ton, D.C.: Govt. Print. Off., 1964. (Study ies of the Publication Fate of Material no. 4) 48p. Presented at National Meetings, June 1969. Urquhart, D. J. "Rising Tide of Paper." Ad­ (TN 10, TN 12. PB185 469). vancement of Science 21:279-85 (1964). Kent, A. "Resolution of the Literature Cri­ Wall, Eugene. "A Rationale for Attaching sis in the Decade 1961-1970." Research Information Problems." American Docu­ Management 5:49-58 (1962). mentation 18:97-103 (1967). Lingeman, Richard. "American Notebook." Waterman, A. T. "The Future of Report New York Times Book Review (Mar. 1, Literature," in B. M. Fry and J. J. Korten­ 1970), p.24. dick, eds., The Production and Use of London, Gertrude. "The Publication In­ Technical Reports, p.3-8. Washington, flation." American Documentation 19:137- D. C.: Catholic University, 1955. 41 (1968). Wilson, J. H. "As We May Have Thought," Mantell, L. H. "On Laws of Special Abil­ in American Documentation Institute, Pro­ ities and the Production of Scientific Lit- ceedings, v.3 p.117-122 Adrianne, 1966. DONNA G. DAVIS Security Problems in College and University Libraries: Student Violence

A survey of the news media and library literature was made to deter­ mine the extent of student violence and its impact on academic li­ braries. Findings show that campus disorders are increasing and pre­ sent a heavy financial burden. Although there have been only scattered incidents of arson and vandalism in academic libraries, the number of such incidents has increased recently. Specific incidents are discussed with suggestions on how security may be improved.

pROTECTING COLLEGE and university li­ dents of arson or bombing, and about braries is an exceedingly complex prob­ 350 arrests were reported. 4 lem. Academic libraries are vulnerable Events of the first few months of to sit-ins, fire, bombings, book thefts, 1970 dramatically reversed this trend. vandalism, natural disasters, including According to the Urban Research Coun­ earthquakes and floods, burglaries, and cil, a private group which has researched other threats to safety. The most serious campus demonstrations for the last two current problem in the security of aca­ years, 92 incidents of student protest demic libraries is student violence. took place between mid-January and At the start of 1970, it appeared that March 13, 1970, whereas only 88 oc­ the five years of student violence in the curred during the same period in 1969.5 United States had begun to abate.1 The In March, two incidents in New York 1968/69 academic year had been the also underscored the threat of terrorist most violent ever, according to the Fed­ bombings on campus. First, bombs eral Bureau of Investigation. There had which were intended for Columbia Uni­ been 61 incidents of arson or bombing, versity were accidentally detonated, com­ and 4,000 arrests in conjunction with pletely destroying a New York town­ student disturbances.2 Total damage to house occupied by several leaders of the college and university facilities was re­ anarchist Weathermen faction of the ported to be at least three million dol­ Students for a Democratic Society.6 A lars.3 However, through December 31 of few days later, two black activist col­ the 1969/70 school year, only 18 inci- lege students were also inadvertently blown up by their homemade bomb cache.7 The widespread student reaction in At the time this article was written, Miss Davis was a student at the Graduate School May to the student deaths at Kent State of Librarianship, University of Southern University proved again that student vi­ California. olence can be a dangerous and expen- I 15 16 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 sive force. Stanford University, for ex­ ruary 17, 1969, about $500,000 damage ample, calculated that its expenses due was caused when a fire in the subbase­ to student disorders over a six-week pe­ ment spread through ventilating ducts riod last spring exceeded half a million to the two floors above.13 Several hun­ dollars.8 dred reference works as well as 3,811 A questionnaire was distributed in volumes of domestic and foreign news­ June 1969 by the Office of Research of papers, some of which were unique sets the American Council on Education to in the country, were totally destroyed; a group of 427 selected colleges and uni­ an additional 30,000 volumes were so versities in the United States. Response damaged as to warrant replacement.14 from 382 institutions implied that ap­ On May 1, 1969, around 40,000 addi­ proximately 6.2 percent of all the col­ tional volumes were destroyed and leges and universities in the United 20,000 damaged. Over 50 percent of the States had experienced violent protest German collection had been ruined.15 in the .1968/69 academic year. Further­ Last year, black student protests hit more, an additional 16.2 percent had ex­ several campuses. At Brandeis Universi­ perienced nonviolent disruption. The ty, books were disarranged in a minor researchers concluded: HWhile these incident, but no physical damage was findings make clear that violence and done.16 At Queens College, according to disruption are not, as many press reports head librarian Morris A. Gelfand, suggest, characteristic of most college around twenty-five catalog drawers were campuses, they indicate also that the destroyed or damaged.17 A much more number of colleges that have experi­ serious incident took place at the Uni­ enced disorder is not inconsequential."9 versity of Illinois where unknown van­ A recent book on student militance dals entered the library and removed ap­ is titled Is the Library Burning?, but a proximately 16,000 cards from the pub­ short survey of damage in academic li­ lic catalog.18 The cards were tom, braries in the past three years indicates burned, or disposed of in various waste that press reports have inflated the num­ receptables throughout the campus. Re­ ber of incidents, and only a few li­ storing the catalog involved identifying braries have experienced arson.10 Within exactly which cards were missing and the last eighteen months, however, such then trying to re-create exactly the infor­ incidents have increased strikingly and mation recorded on the cards. The proc­ show considerable premeditation on the ess was extremely costly and time-con­ part of the instigators. The vandals and suming, as the nearly six million re­ arsonists are seldom found, so that only maining cards had to be checked against a few of the following incidents can Library of Congress information, the be attributed definitely to students. shelflist, and the actual books on the Nonetheless, these incidents show very shelves. well the vulnerability of the academic At San Francisco State College, stu­ library. dents paralyzed the library by overload­ In 1967 an arsonist ignited a blaze in ing the circulation system.19 Vandals the Wayne State University Library in struck Beloit College, stealing equip­ Detroit, destroying 8,000 volumes and ment and slashing furniture.20 New the entire order file. 11 The student strike York University suffered two separate at Columbia University in 1968 caused arson incidents. First, a Molotov cocktail minor damage to the Mathematics Li­ caused extensive damage to the Gould brary.12 In 1969, the Indiana University Memorial Library.21 A few days later, Library was twice hit by fire. On Feb- several small fires set in the Sage Engi- Student Violence I 17 neering Library destroyed many techni­ sive harassment, we had books stacked cal microfilms. Approximately 30,000 all over the floors and all over the ta­ cards from the catalog had been scat­ bles. It was impossible to track down a tered and mutilated.22 At the University particular title." Volunteers from the of Washington, a bomb gutted the in­ community came in to help with the terior of the administration building, shelving problem, but they had to cross causing over $100,000 of damage, mostly picket lines and endure the obscenities through broken glass, to the adjacent shouted at them by the strikers. Suzzallo Library. 23 The stink bomb problem was more A more detailed account of how the formidable than it sounds. Not really library was affected at San Francisco bombs, but actually laboratory bottles State College will illustrate the variety filled with a nauseous liquid, the stink of security problems which might con­ bombs were brought into the building front the academic librarian during a in brown paper bags. Once the bottles typical demonstration.24 According to were opened, some of the liquid was Barbara Anderson, the Education Li­ poured on the floor while the bottle and brarian at San Francisco State, the first lid were hidden. Librarians were left tactics were fairly mild: "Students were with the extremely difficult and unpleas­ shoved out of their seats as they studied ant task of searching them out. The Ed­ . . . small fires were set in restrooms . . . ucation Librarian continues: a few windows were broken.>> The li­ brary, because of its central location The smell was so vile that for all practical purposes library work in the chosen areas and multistory construction, became the came to a halt ... I might add, that scrub "choice vantage point for demonstra­ as we might, the liquid did not wash off the tion watching." Thus, tight security was Boors with soap and water; it lingered on impossible as the building became filled for months afterwards. In some areas we with police, students, newsmen, and tele­ can still smell it. vision crews. Moreover, the noise from Cherry bombs were equally harassing. the demonstration made work virtually Left at random in the stacks, the noise impossible. from the fireworks completely disrupted The "gradual forays of harassment" work and frightened patrons into included bomb threats, "book-ins," cher­ thinking real bombs had exploded. ry bombs, and stink bombs. The bomb Moreover, the safety of staff and pa­ threats were dismissed lightly until a trons was endangered by those bombs real bomb was found on campus. From that did not explode. Removing a de­ then on, campus security officers and li­ fective cherry bomb involved the risk brarians took on the enormous task of that one>s hand might be injured or combing through the stacks, wastebas­ even blown off. kets, and other possible bomb caches ev­ One of the more serious problems ery time a threat was received. came when the students decided to at­ "Book-ins" describe the practice of tack the catalog: removing volumes from the shelves and scattering them randomly throughout One day glue was found in a few card the building. The disruptions in service trays, another day, handfuls of catalog were compounded by the fact that most cards were found in the sink in a women's of the student shelvers had joined the restroom. The Hayakawa entries had been removed one day. Some cards were found strike. Miss Anderson adds, "As you in a women's restroom in the Administra­ might expect, after four months with tion Building wrapped in paper with the almost no shelvers, combined with mas- message "On Strike, Shut It Down." 18 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971

Minor incidents continued throughout problem; most methods of combating the strike; these included fires, clogged violence are likely to be ineffectual. Still, toilets, and paint sprayed on the walls some of the bitter lessons learned by li­ in the restrooms, as well as numerous brarians may help others to decrease the broken windows and vandalism in and destruction. Librarians should be at­ outside the building. tuned to the prevailing student mood During 1970, attacks on libraries have on campus. The librarian who is aware included the fire bombing of the Co­ of militant factions cannot ignore lumbia University International Law Li­ them. Familiarizing oneself with studies brary and the setting of a fire in the on unrest should also give some clues as Doe Memorial Library at the University to whether the campus is likely to ex­ of California, Berkeley.25 The Berkeley perience violence. For instance, the fire was deliberately ignited with gaso­ American Council on Education's study line and caused an estimated $320,000 noted that violence was most prevalent damage. 26 Six people were injured, and in the large, highly selective university two large reading rooms were destroyed. or four-year college.33 Moreover, at the While no books were burned, Dr. James university level more than one-third of E. Skipper, University Librarian, report­ the private universities experienced vio­ ed that smoke and water damage would lence, whereas only one in eight public affect parts of the collection. 27 universities had comparable violence. Specialized research libraries were de­ Bombs constitute a special threat. Sev­ stroyed when the Black Studies Center eral New York companies, including at Cornell and the Center for Advanced IBM, which were hit by a rash of ter­ Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stan­ rorist bombings last winter, admitted 28 ford were gutted recently by fire. Stu­ that "ironclad" security is a myth.34 dent rioting at the State University of However, much of the panic and inef­ New York at Buffalo resulted in the de­ fectual action which can occur when a facement of the library's exterior and bomb threat is received may be elimi­ in fire bombings inside the library.29 In nated by the formulation of a written March, during demonstrations by the Black Students Union at the University policy on search and evacuation proce­ of Washington, incendiary devices were dures. Staff members should be given set placed in the stacks, circulation files responsibilities; joint planning with the were damaged, and books were thrown campus security police and the depart­ off the shelves.30 At Yale in April, arson ment of buildings is essential. Emergen­ in the library of the Law School de­ cy phone numbers inch~ding the Army stroyed $2,500 worth of books and prop­ bomb disposal unit should be readily erty.at available. To avoid undue tragedy, the Ironically, the library may also be the staff should be emphatically instructed target of a conservative antistudent never to disturb a suspicious object, but backlash. For example, the New York rather to report it to the authorities ac­ Public Library was struck by two bombs cording to predetermined procedures.35 in its main reading room. The bomber Other written policies and informa­ evidently felt the library had sponsored tion must be made available before vi­ or endorsed students who had partici­ olence strikes. For example, the admin­ pated in the October 15 Moratorium istration manual circulated to the staff Day rally behind the library in Bryant of the library at Berkeley includes tear Park.32 gas instructions. 36 Barbara Anderson It is obvious that security is a serious warns that the lack of a written policy Student Violence I 19 on riots at San Francisco State was seri­ for most institutions. Practice card cata­ ously debilitating: log drills and microfilming may be a more realistic solution. For example, the We had no guidelines ... other than an of­ University of Washington microfilmed ficial statement regarding the closing of the entire contents of its catalog in 20 buildings during emergencies which placed days at a total cost of $2,930. Costs of the responsibility in the hands of the col­ lege librarian "when the danger is immi­ microfilming additions are estimated to nent." Just when is imminent danger really be about $7 a month. 39 imminent? What if a bomb is detonated in It is unfortunate that the two major the neighboring building? What if there is tex.ts . on planning academic library a fire reported in a building across the cam­ building were written before the advent pus quad? These things happen, and they of major campus disorders and do not did happen to us.s7 offer too much information on the ques­ She concludes that internal morale be­ tion of security problems. Ralph E. comes another problem during a pro­ Ellsworth has only a brief comment on longed student strike. Questions of eth­ the difficulty of fireproofing modem ics should be discussed well in advance steel bookstacks. He cites the fire test and formulated into written policy to performed at Norwood, Massachusetts provide the solidarity among personnel for the New York Public Library. He that is necessary to assure protection of also notes that traditional multitier the library during times of crisis. bookstacks are equally bad, citing the During riot conditions, exit security disastrous Jewish Theological Seminary procedures might well be reversed into fire. Even modular buildings with fire­ entrance checks. All bags and briefcases proof columns, such as Wayne State carried into the building should be ex­ University, are not really fireproof. Ells­ amined. Happily, since a bomb is not worth concludes, "A combination of a as easily concealed as a book, the results good fire detection system with a gen­ of searches should be relatively effective erous supply of C02 extinguishers if guards are insistent and thorough. would appear to be the best solution to Stack security and security of other the problem.40 areas to which free access is normally Keyes D. Metcalf gives more exten­ provided, including the restrooms, sive advice on fire alarms, fire doors, and should be limited. Though it may seem fire extinguishers, recommending the unprofessional to assign a librarian to American Library Association's Protect­ security detail, it may be necessary. Ser­ ing the Library and Its Resources for vice to clientele is important, but in cri­ further details on planning, fire de­ sis times protecting the library is even fense, and insurance needs. Unfortu­ more important. If lax security leads to nately, he does not provide much guid­ irreparable damage to the library, it ance on how to design more secure struc­ may be impossible to provide any service tures.41 Librarians would do well to con­ at all. sider the experience of businesses that Other preventive measures should be have protected valuable resources in taken well in advance. The most valu­ areas prone to riot by designing build­ able materials in the collection should ings like fortresses that have few or no be isolated and microfilmed. In particu­ exterior windows.42 Natural light may lar, the Library Technology Project rec­ be provided by windows facing an in­ ommends protective facilities, such as terior court, and they should always be a vaultlike structure, for the card cata­ made of special vandal-resistant materi­ log.38 However, this may be impractical als. The library at Post College in 20 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971

Brookville, New York, used polyester A few burned books were restored by resin fiber glass panels that resist both photographing them with ultraviolet fire and breakage. Plexiglas acrylic plas­ light on xerographic paper, but this tic can reduce window breakage by as method was extremely expensive. much as 90 percent.43 Vandal alarm sys­ A final thought on the prevention of tems may also help curtail attacks while student attacks on libraries was given by the library is closed. 44 John Berry, III, then assistant editor of The major problem is that little has the Library I ournal. According to Berry, been written on what to do after a fire the students, particularly undergradu­ or incendiary bombing has occurred. Be­ ates, have legitimate complaints against cause a library contains valuable office the library since they are often treated equipment and books, care must be tak­ as "second-class library citizens" with the en to secure the premises immediately major attention going to the faculty. to prevent looting. Further, if the build­ Berry suggests quelling student hostility ing is not totally damaged, water vacu­ by giving the students more freedom ums and fire-retardant paint can be used and responsibility, as well as trying to put the library back in semiworking to achieve "Branscomb's 20-year-old order.45 More research on salvaging ma­ dream" by trying to find "a replacement, terials is needed. In general, the worst both pedagogic and bibliographic, for effect of a fire is the water damage to the reserve book."4 7 Ensuring library se­ books. curity by considering student motivation A brief recount of the Jewish Theo­ is laudable yet impractical, because the logical Seminary fire will not only dem­ solutions suggested are prohibitively ex­ onstrate the many problems of reclaim­ pensive. Moreover, it is not really cer­ ing the collection but also show the fea­ tain that the attacks on the library are sibility of salvaging materials.46 The really due to student dissatisfaction April 18, 1966 fire destroyed 70,000 vol­ with the library itself. According to An­ umes and left about 150,000 completely derson, the attacks on the library at San waterlogged volumes in seven stacks. Francisco State were not "anti-library'' The day after the fire, volunteers began but "anti-Establishment."48 to remove the salvageable books . and In conclusion, student violence is still started experimenting with drying meth­ a serious problem confronting Ameri­ ods. Quick-dry freezing and baking in can college and university librarians. microwave ovens gave excellent results, Even the threat of violence can create but proved much too time-consuming a serious financial drain on the library. since only 150 books a week could be Destruction of unique special collec­ processed. The final solution was to put tions is not even measurable in financial paper towels between each pair of terms, because such collections cannot pages. The effort involved was enor­ be replaced. This violence is extremely mous: complex and inadequately researched. It involved an estimated two-and-a-half Student violence is an especially fasci­ million separate operations, as volunteers nating topic, but without extensive, patiently placed the sheets of toweling be­ well-planned investigation this major se­ tween the wet pages, pressed the book curity problem cannot be effectively shut, and removed the paper twenty-four solved in the near future. hours later.... The final treatment ... was the application of an alcohol rub whenever REFERENCES residual dampness threatened to create mold. 1. "Campus Revolts Over?," U.S. News Student Violence I 21

and World Report 68:53 (February 16, brary," Wilson Library Bulletin 43:981 1970). . (June, 1969). 2. ibid., p.55. 23. "University of Washington Badly Dam­ 3. The New York Times (January 3, aged by Bomb," Library Journal 94: 1970), p.6. 3395 (October 1, 1969). 4. "Campus Revolts," p.55. 24. Barbara Anderson, "Ordeal at San 5. "Campus Revolt: No End in Sight," Francisco State College," Library Jour­ U.S. News and World Report 68:82 nal95:1275-80 (April1, 1970). (Aprill3, 1970) . 25. The N ew York Times (February 22, 6. "The House on lith Street," Newsweek 1970), p.1; (March 14, 1970), p.18. 75:30 (March 23, 1970). 26. Los Angeles Times (March 14, 1970), 7. The New York Times (March 29, p.25. . , 1970), p.l. 27. "Berkeley Library Damaged by F1re, 8. "The Price of Violence," Time 95:81 The New York Times (March 10, (June 1, 1970) . 1970) , p.23. 9. Alan E. Bayer and Alexander vV. Astin, 28. "Education: Campus Communique," "Violence and Disruption on the U.S. Time 95:44 (April 20, 1970); The Campus, 1968- 69," Educational Rec­ New York Times (April 25, 1970) , ord 50:338 (Falll969). p.35. 10. Roger Rapoport and Laurence J. Kirsh­ 29. "SUNY-Buffalo L.S. Students Fight to baum, Is the Library Burning? (New Save School," Library Journal 95:1418 York: Random House, 1969). (April15, 1970). 11. "Wayne State Library Struck by Arson­ 30. "Univ. of Washington Rioting Rocks ist," Library Journal . 92:2990-92 (Sep­ Campus Libraries," Library Journal 95: tember 15, 1967). 1686 (May 1, 1970). 12. "Columbia University Strike," Library 31. The New York Times (April 28, 1970), Journal93:2191 (June 1, 1968). p.l. 13. "Indiana University Library Suffers 32. "New York Public Hit by Bombs," Li­ Fire Loss," Lib1·ary Occurrent 23:58 brary Journal 95:107 (January 15, (May 1969). 1970). 14. "Indiana University Library Fire," AB 33. Bayer and Astin, "Violence and Disrup­ tion," p.340. Bookman's W eekly 43:884 (March 17, 1969). 34. Wall Street Journal (March 13, 1970), 15. "Indiana University Library Bums p.l. Again," Library Journal 94:2384 (June 35. J. C. Gardner, "How to Prepare for a 15, 1969). Bomb Scare," American School and 16. "Blacks Rough Up Books at Brandeis University 43:68 (February 1970). Library," Library Journal 94:704 (Feb­ 36. "Tear Gas Instructions Given Berkeley ruary 15, 1969). Librarians," Library Journal 94:4090 17. "Blacks Hit Library at Queens Col­ (November 15, 1969). 37. Anderson, "Ordeal," p.l280. lege," Library Journal 94:481-2 (Feb­ ruary 1, 1969). 38. Library Technology Project, i'rotecting the Library and Its Resources (Chica­ 18. "U. of Illinois Catalog Damaged by go : American Library Association, Vandals," Library Journal 94:1086 1963)' p.37-8. (March 15, 1969). 39. "Apprehensive Librarians Microfilm 19. Library Journal 94:1539 (April I, Catalog," Library Journal 94:2384-6 1969). (June 15, 1969). 20. "Vandalism and Harassment at Beloit," 40. Ralph E. Ellsworth, Planning the Col­ Library Journal 94:1566 (April 1, lege and University Library Building, 1969). 2d ed. (Boulder, Colorado: Pruett 21. The New York Times (April18, 1969), Press, Inc., 1968), p.93. p.29. 41. Keyes D. Metcalf, Planning Academic 22. "Victor Hugo on the Burning of a Li- and Research Library Buildings (New 22 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971

York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, ter Hours," Library ] ournal 94: 3609-14 1965)' p.215-9, 408-9. (October 15, 1969). 42. For example, buildings containing com­ 45. S. H. O'Grince, "After the Fire Is puter complexes, such as the Travellers' Out ... ," American School and Uni­ Data Center in Hartford, Connecticut. versity 41:31 (July 1969). 46. David Dempsey, "Operation Booklift," 43. "Five Sure Ways to Fight Window Saturday Review 50:39-41 (April 15, Breakage in Your Buildings," American 1967). School and University 41:35 (July 4 7. "The Best Defense," Library ]ournal 1969). 94:1401 (April1, 1969). 44. Don Sager, "Protecting the Library Af- 48. Anderson, "Ordeal," p.1278. BETTY JO IRVINE Slide Classification: A Historical Survey

The historical background of slide collections is treated, with biblio­ graphic references. The major portion of the paper reports and ana­ lyzes some of the data derived from a 1968 questionnaire directed to institutions having slide collections.

''THE NAME 'L:mRARY' has lost its ety- at professional gatherings. During 1969 mologic meaning and means not a collec­ alone, two periodical publications ap­ tion of books, but the central agency for peared.2 In addition, several important disseminating information, innocent recrea­ studies which will result in formal pub­ tion or, best of all, inspiration among peo­ lications are now in progress, including ple. Whenever this can be done better, more quickly or cheaply by a picture than the Metropolitan Museum of Art's "Clas­ a book, the picture is entitled to a place on sification System," and the ''Universal the shelves and in the catalog. Slide Classification System with Auto­ matic Indexing" developed at the State " ... A generation ago the lantern slide was University of California at Santa Cruz.3 little known except in magic lantern en­ Slide curators and librarians also took tertainments, and it required some cour­ age for the first schools to make it a part of their places at professional meetings: the educational apparatus. Today there is the College Art Association's Annual hardly a college or university subject which Meeting in Boston; and the Institute for is not receiving great aid from· the lantern. Training in Librarianship entitled, "Art No one thinks of it as a course in art or Libraries: Their Comprehensive Role in discusses it from an ethical standpoint. It is Preserving Contemporary Visual Re­ needed by the engineer, physician, bota­ sources" held at the State University of nist, astronomer, statistician, in fact in every New York at Buffalo from June 16 to conceivable field, but of course, it is spe­ June 20, 1969. Mrs. Florence S. Da­ cially adapted to popular study of fine Luiso, Art Librarian of the Harriman arts because they are so dependent on vis­ Art and Music Library, was the Director ual examples, and the lantern is the cheap of the Institute. As its title implies, the and ready substitute for costly galleries." Institute focused on the problems inher­ Melvil Deweyl ent in art libraries, be they book- or non­ Slides, like other nonbook materials, book-oriented, and the multifarious ways are being liberated from the garrets of in which humanists utilize these collec­ libraries and are beginning to share the tions. An entire day was devoted to the limelight with books in the literature and topic of slide collections-their organi­ zation and operation-in which Eleanor Mrs. Irvine is Assistant Fine Arts Librar­ Collins, Curator, Slide and Photograph ian and Supervisor of the Photograph and Collection, Department of the History Slide Collection, Fine Arts Library, Indi­ of Art, University of Michigan; Mrs. Lu­ ana University. raine Tansey, Slide Librarian, State Uni- I 23 24 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 versity of California at Santa Cruz; and larly preferred by the older faculty mem­ the present writer participated. The fol­ bers.5 In quite a few of the older col­ lowing report was delivered at the In­ lections, the lantern slide vs the 2" x 2" stitute by the present writer. or 35 mm slide controversy is still raging In an earlier publication, the present and will be mentioned later in the con­ writer discussed the nature and purpose text of the literature and questionnaires. of the study in progress. In order to clar­ In the 1930s, color dye processes were ify the comments to follow, a brief re­ perfected by Leopold D. Mannes and capitulation is necessary. In August of Leopold Godowsky, Jr., in collaboration 1968, a comprehensive study, including with the Kodak Research Laboratory. The a survey of the history of slide collec­ result of this work was the introduction tions, their present status, and various of the Kodachrome three-color film proc­ practical and formal library procedural ess. It was not until the perfection of this matters was undertaken. One product of particular technique that 35 mm color this study will be the publication of a slides were widely accepted. comparative study manual "so that slide As a consequence of these new de­ librarians and ·curators might have a velopments, the controversy between the choice of various systems and procedures merits of the color 35 mm slide and the currently in practice, that they might black and white lantern slide began ap­ have some background knowledge, and pearing in the literature at this time. In finally, that they might have a sense of 1943, art historians argued the issues in community with others facing problems two articles appearing in the College similar to theirs. The proposal of an Art ] ournal. 6 Although over twenty 'ideal' system is not the aim of the study, years old, these articles have meaning since most users of such a study will be today because slide librarians and cu­ working from already existing collections rators are still faced with using lantern which have probably grown to such pro­ slides, buying them, or producing them portions that a complete revision would (on roll film). The physical format of not be feasible."4 these older slides allows for easy hand viewing, but creates storage problems HISTORICAL BACKGROUND because they require two-thirds more The earliest noted slide collections space than 2" x 2" slides.7 In addition, date from the 1880s and include the Chi­ separate _ projection facilities are re­ cago Art Institute, -Cornell University, quired because most projection systems Dartmouth College, the Metropolitan are not readily adaptable to both sizes. Museum of Art, Princeton University, Moreover, the rarity of literature on this the University of Illinois, and the U ni­ topic makes a solution rather elusive. versity of Michigan. It was not until 1884 Until the 1960s, the literature was that George Eastman patented the roll somewhat sporadic and far from com­ film system; collections 'begun prior to prehensive. The decade of the 1950s this time depended upon the lantern produced nine articles, three of them slide, which is a 3}~" x 4" glass slide with dealing with slide production. 8 An area glass used as the medium upon which the that is yet to be dealt with in a satis­ image was printed. Many lantern slides factory manner for slide curators and li­ were hand painted and were works of brarians is that of color control which art in their own right. In many collec­ is extremely crucial to art "history slide tions today, the familiar lantern slide, collections. This very problem has been which dates back to the seventeenth cen­ one of the major contributing factors in tury, is still in active use and is particu- the schism between users of black and Slide Classification I 25

white as opposed to color slides. Classi­ be published in the near future. Another fication system. studies have also suffered publication in progress is Guidelines for from the dearth of literature, with only the Organization and Administration of a few published attempts available at Audio-visual Materials by the ACRL clarifying systems presently in use. 9 Audio-visual committee of ,ALA. Moreover, until 1969, although many classification systems were available up­ PREsENT STUDY on request from individual institutions . As can be gathered, providing a pa­ such systems had not yet actually bee~ t~on with high quality material in a published. As -a courtesy to these schools meaiii'ngful arrangement and providing and museums (and to lighten the burden the slide librarian with adequate data to of their postage and duplication costs), do so are not simple tasks. To ease the use should be made of the Bibliographic burden, the present study was under­ Systems Center ( BSC) at the School of taken. In August of 1968, 112 question­ Library Science at Case Western Re­ naires ("Slide Library Comparative serve University where a special collec­ S~udy Questionnaire") were mailed to tion of classification systems and subject college, university, and a select number heading lists in almost every field are of museum slide collections. In Decem­ administered. According to the official ber 1968, 61 follow-up letters were notifications by the BSC, "A book guide mailed to institutions that had not yet to this collection, 'The Bibliography of responded.11 Selected Material in Classification/ com­ piled by Barbara Denison, is being pub­ The inadequacies of such an initial lished and copies· may be obtained from study are overwhelming because of the the Special Libraries Association." What very nature of starting from a base of has been especially needed, however, is zero in terms of the establishment of a philosophy for slide classification and mailing lists, the lack of standardized cataloging, not merely a recitation of the terminology, and the determination of details of a particular system which hap­ the scope or limitations of such a project. pens to function adequately for one par­ Because there has never been an at­ ticular situation. tempt to define precisely the various op­ erations and procedures practiced in The 1970s propitiously forecast in­ slide collections, it was quite difficult to sights into solutions for critical slide col­ write a questionnaire that could be un­ lection issues. As .mentioned earlier, the development of a "Universal Slide Clas­ derstood in exactly the same manner by sification System with Automatic In­ everyone reading and answering it. In dexing" at the State University of Cal­ order to compensate for this lack of ac­ ifornia at Santa Cruz has been a hall­ cepted vocabulary, the format of the mark in terms of significant publica­ questionnaire was in outline form with tions.10 Perusal of a preliminary edition an attempt to include all possible varia­ of this work is enlightening not only in tions and explanations of operations so terms of its ramifications for the future that the respondee could merely check of slide collections both in scientific and the most appropriate answer or, in a humanistic disciplines, but also as a limited number of cases, fill in a blank. meaningful, though brief, essay on slide Even this' format was not totally satis­ cataloging and classification philosophy. factory, and consequently; the interpre­ In addition, the Metropolitan Museum tation and tabulation of each question­ of Art's "Classification System" by Pris­ naire often produced erratic statistical cilla Farah, and that at the University of correlation. Minnesota by Dimitri Tselos are both to . The total num her of questionnaires 26 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 tabulated as of this report is 65. The to­ ments. Over the past seventy years, only tal number of responses to the question­ the 1940s and the 1950s witnessed a sig­ naire is 80. This latter figure includes nificant rise in the initial development the following breakdown: eight collec­ of these collections. This increase is very tions too small· to merit inclusion in the likely due to the fact that this period study (distinction made by the person marked the widespread use of 2" x 2" or who did not answer the questionnaire) ; 35 mm slides which were pointed out in five institutions that stated nonexistence the literature of the time as being con­ of a collection; and two institutions siderably less expensive than the stan­ which sent descriptive letters of collec­ dard lantern slides. These trends n1ight tions rather than answering the question­ also have been indicative of the steady naires.12 Thus, 71 percent ( 80) of the rise of art historical studies as more than original 112 institutions responded to a a mere humanities adjunct to liberal arts request for information regarding their education in the United States. facilities. In most art history departments, the Although an attempt was made initial­ slide collection has been developed to ly to set a limitation on the size of the serve solely the art department; there­ collection included in the present study, fore, it is not surprising that 57 percent the base of 25,000 was dropped because ( 36) of these collections were faculty­ not all sources consulted gave the exact run when first started, as compared to sizes of slide collections; also, because of the 17 percent ( 11) which were initially the tremendous growth rates of many organized and staffed either by an in­ collections, it seemed unfair to omit col­ dividual with a graduate library degree lections under such an arbitrary stan­ ( M.L.S.) or a master's degree in art dard. Consequently, the frequent lack history. of such data coupled with the desire to Section II of the questionnaire con­ include as many academic collections as centrated on varieties of classification possible negated the use of a size-limi­ systems in use. As would be expected tation factor for the inclusion or exclu­ due to the origin of these collections, 58 sion of slide collections in this study. percent ( 38) of the systems presently in The following section of this report in­ use are based upon a historical chro­ dicates the similarities and differences nology and style arrangement with vari­ in slide collections and the subsequent ous modifications of subdivisions within trends that have occurred as noted in this format. In lieu of the notation vs ab­ the questionnaires tabulated thus far. A sence-of-notation controversy surround­ brief description of each of the seven ing slide collections, 29 percent ( 19) of sections of the questionnaire will be fol­ the institutions responded that they have lowed by a discussion of the answers a system using some form of decimal no­ calculated on both a numerical and a tation. Only five of these nineteen col­ percentage basis. lections began after 1940. In addition, Section I of the questionnaire dealt two of the institutions in the survey with questions regarding the history of noted that they were dropping a nota­ collections, i.e., date of origin, purpose tion system-one of these includes the of collection, and the type of staff in Fogg ~1useum Collection of Harvard charge of the collection at its inception. University which is no longer using it Although audiovisual materials in librar­ for their 2" x 2" slide collection. ies have only recently come to the fore If the arrangement of the collections as a serious study source, they have been beginning in the last thirty years is used a fairly steady and consistently occur­ as a guide, then it is possible that there ring phenmnenon in art history depart- has been a trend away from a specific Slide Classification I 21 type of decimal or numerical notation image. It should be noted that of the system for slide collections. There are, fourteen schools still involved in adding however, two schools of thought in this lantern slides to their collections, only matter. The factor of cost involved in two began their collections after 1935. the cataloging and classifying of indi­ As mentioned earlier, it was difficult vidual slides, coupled with the capability to pinpoint collections of a specific size of their rapid production or purchase by in advance of mailing the questionnaires. institutions have probably contributed The resulting broad range of collections in the movement away from a compli­ makes it difficult to generalize in regard cat<~d notation scheme and toward a to average weekly or yearly production n1ore simplified labelling method based figures. For example, a very small col­ upon some type of alphabetical abbre­ lection might be expanding at a greater viation system. It is possible, however, yearly rate than a more established col­ that automatic indexing or computer ap­ lection. The latter can be more selective plications might change the trend in this in its slide acquisition pattern because area. it already has a core collection of basic The two classification systems 1nost art historical monuments to support its commonly used as a basis for other col­ clientele's demands. At the same time, if lections are the Metropolitan Museum a department is faced with a great deal of Art's scheme and the Fogg Art Mu­ of faculty or staff turnover and with the seum's scheme. Approximately 22 per­ installation of new courses or frequent cent ( 14) of the collections noted that cuiTiculum changes, the collection en­ their classification systems were bor­ counters a more rapid growth than might rowed from these institutions. As ex­ be predicted by its actual size. Conse­ pected, 35 percent ( 23) of the systems quently, no attempt will be made to were based on faculty requests. The re­ make any gross generalizations about Inainder were personally devised by the growth rates; if information on specific original staff or had unknown origins. institutions or regions is desired, figures Section III of the questionnaire in­ may be supplied upon request. cluded slide production and expansion Another critical area in slide acquisi­ operations presently practiced in slide tion policies is whether or not to buy collections. Questions on the production slides commercially. Such purchases are and purchase of 35 mm and lantern often quite expensive, particularly in slides, the growth rate, types of filn1 light of the comparative absence of used, and the basis for commercial or­ qualitative guides which would allow for ders were listed. The preference by knowledgeable discrimination when se­ some art historians for lantern slides lecting dealers and their material. Most over the 2" x 2" slide is still unresolved, responsible dealers, however, usually as 22 percent ( 14) of the institutions re­ send material on approval. As far as can sponded that they are presently engaged be ascertained, only a handful of listings either in making or buying lantern slides. are available to the slide curator. The Needless to say, the size of the image present writer's knowledge of such lists does contribute to the quality of a has been acquired over a period of three projected image, but then again, so does years through correspondence and, in the clarity of the original image that has two cases, through a literature search.13 been copied in order to make slides. In fact, 80 percent (52) of the institu­ Many slides are reproduced from books tions in the study base their commercial or are copied from master slides (if pur­ purchases not solely upon lists but upon chased) thereby being several times re­ previous experience with particular deal­ n1oved from the quality of the original ers. One question specifically asked for 28 I College & Research Librm·ies • January 1971 previous knowledge of a formal listing which is consistently and readily utilized prepared and distributed upon request for name entries, a single artist may be by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.and filed under a variety of names and coun­ entitled, "Sources of Slides Illustrating tries, thereby dispersing his works cha­ the History of Art." This list is probably otically throughout the slide files. the most comprehensive and reliable Another type of check system useful source for commercial and museum slide in slide collections is the source file or dealers in the United States and Eu­ accession record. Only 21 percent ( 14) rope. Of the 65 institutions responding, make no allowance whatsoever for this 26 percent ( 17) had no knowledge of technique, which requires source data this list. for each slide to be printed directly Section IV of the questionnaire. in­ upon the slide or to be printed in a sup­ volved the use of standard library tools plementary record form. Because many or techniques used by slide libraries. The slides are copied directly from plates in results of this section were indicative of books, a source file can function as a the fact that most slide curators and li­ bibliographic aid referring a patron to brarians are fairly sophisticated users of specific texts relating to the slide image. library tools and that the title "slide li­ Generally speaking, slide collections brary" might be a more informative and are beginning to take their place with valid nomenclature than "collection." the ·ranks of book libraries in terms of An inventory check system is an . in­ their utilization of similar tools and tech­ valuable aid to slide collections in the niques on a 1evel that should in the fu­ same manner that it is to book collec­ ture becon1e even more indicative of tions. Separate or interfiled shelflists are the ways in which these collections work the two types used in slide libraries. An in conjunction with an art library. For interfiled shelflist refers to the place­ further information on the interrelation­ ment of a shelflist card in front of or be­ ship between slide collections and art hind each slide in a drawer storage case. libraries, the reader is referred to an ex­ Of the collections polled, 55 percent cellent artic1e by Frederick Cummings.15 ( 36) have either an interfiled or a sep­ Section V dealt with circulation meth­ arate shelflist. ods currently practiced in slide collec­ Although 40 percent ( 26) of the col­ tions. Only 17 percent ( 11) took no mea­ lections did not have an authority file· of sures at all to supervise the circulation all artists and architects included in their of slides. The most common check-out slide holdings, 53 percent ( 35) relied system used is charge-sheets (sheets on on the Thieme-Beeker Lexikon of ar­ which a patron lists each slide individ­ tists, along with other aids · to verify ually giving either a full subject descrip­ names.14 Twenty-nine percent ( 19) tion or only accession or alphabetical however did have separate authority code · nu1nbers) with 43 percent ( 28) files for painters and 31 percent ( 20) utilizing this technique. Because of the maintained a separate authority file for heavy faculty use patterns, the applica­ architects. Of the 65 collections, 25 per­ tion of stringent circulation methods is cent ( 16) maintained authority files for rather difficult, i.e., the feasibility of both painters and architects. Forty per­ checking out thirty to forty or n1ore cent ( 26) depended upon faculty recom­ slides for a single lecture often prohibits mendations to make entry decisions for a slide curator or librarian from asking artists' and/or architects' names within the patron to con1ply with involved their files. Such files are quite critical to check-out procedures for individual the efficient organization of a slide .col­ slides. Consequently, the art history fac­ lection because, without an authority ulty or staff may not be utilizing the Slide Classificat-ion I 29 charge-sheet method but another sim­ still under faculty supervision, main­ pler check-out technique, such as inter­ tained by M.F.A. graduates or by indi­ filed color code cards ( each faculty or viduals without a college degree. staff member has a discrete color card Another promising indication of the which replaces the slide he has removed changing status of slide collection staffs and is usually placed in back of the is the fact that 47 percent ( 29) of the slide's interfiled shelflist card) . 65 institutions are staffed presently with Section VI covered questions on stor­ individuals having either an M.L.S., an age and projection systen1s for slide col­ M.A. in art history, or an M.L.S. plus lections. A rather high percentage, 52 an additional graduate degree. In addi­ percent ( 34), of the collections in this tion, 23 percent ( 15) of the respon­ study still have enough lantern slides to dents indicated an interest in elevating merit the use of double projection sys­ their staffs frmn a clerical to a profes­ tems to compensate for the size differ­ sional level. In many instances, the mere ence between 2" x 2" and 3W' x 4" realization or recognition that there is a slides. Twenty-eight percent ( 18) of the problem marks the first step toward institutions, however, are in the process change. · of duplication of their lantern slides onto .Not all subsections of the question­ 2" x 2" or 35 mm slides. naire have been discussed. Queries and Specialized equipment for audiovisual criticisms will be gladly entertained be­ material and especially for slide collec­ cause the total picture is a twofold mat­ tions has been slow in developing, but ter relying both on specific data and on there has been satisfaction noted in some liberal dialogue atnong those seeking to areas in this particular study. Fifty-seven make slide collections "libraries," and percent ( 37) of the institutions indicat­ not merely masses of material. ed that the desired efficiency had been reached for storage facilities for slides. REFERENCES Only 35 percent ( 23) were equally sat­ 1. Melvil Dewey, "Library Pictures," isfied with their, .projection systems. Not · Public Libraries 11 : 10 ( 1906) . all slide libraries, however, maintain and 2. Betty J o Irvine, "Slide Collections in purchase their own projectors. In some Art Libraries," College & Research instances, the audiovisual department Libraries 30:443-45 (Sept. 1969); handles this aspect of the slide collec­ Elizabeth M. Lewis, "A Graphic Cata­ tion facilities. log Card Index," American Documen­ Section VII of the questionnaire ex­ tation 20: 238-46 ( 1969) . amined the present staffs of slide col­ 3;. "Classification System for Slides," In­ lections. As noted earlier, 57 percent formation Retrieval and Library Auto­ ( 36) of these collections were faculty­ mation 3:9 (1968); Wendell W. Sim­ run when first initiated as opposed to 17 ons and Luraine C. Tansey, A Uni­ percent ( 11) which were organized and versal Slide Classification System with staffed by an individual with either an Automatic Indexing (Santa Cruz, Cal­ ifornia: The University Library, Uni­ M.A. in art history or an M.L.S. in li­ versity of California, 1969) . (A Pre­ brary science. Of the 57 percent ( 36) liminary Edition which is out-of-print.) which were faculty-run originally, about 4. Irvine, "Slide Collections," p.444. one-third are now staffed by an individ­ · 5. ' Alfred Guenther, "Slides in Documen­ 6 ual with an M.A: or an M.L.S.l Another . tation," UNESCO Bulletin for Librar­ third of these 36 collections are now ies 17:157 ( 1963). staffed by individuals with undergrad­ 6. Philip C. Beam, "Color Slide Contro­ uate degrees (who are usually consid­ versy," College Art Journal 2:35- 38 ered clerical) with the remaining third ( 1943); James M. Carpenter, "Limi- 30 I College & Research Libraries • january 1971

tations of Color Slides," Ibid., p.38-40. in Establishing a Slide Collection in 7. Shirley Ellis, "Thousand Words About the School of Architecture, School of the Slide," ALA Bulletin 53:529- 32 Melbourne," Australian Library jour­ ( 1959) . nal 9:159- 62 (1960); Tselos, "A Sim­ 8. Richard Bibler, "Make an Art Slide Li­ ple Slide," p.344-49; Walker, "Slide brary," Design 56: 105ff ( 1955); L. B. Filing and Control," p.325-29; Bren­ Bridaham and C. B. Mitchell, "Success­ da White, Slide Collections: A Survey ful Duplication of Color Slides; Re­ of Their Organisation in Libraries in the sults of Research at the Chicago Art Fields of Architecture, Building, and Institute," College Art journal 10:261- Planning (Edinburgh, 21 Morningside 63 ( 1951) ; Ellis, "Thousand Words," Gardens: Brenda White, 1967). p.529- 32; P. L. Moeller, "Slide and 10. Simons and Tansey, "A Universal Photographic Services of the Museum Slide." of Modern Art," Special Libraries As­ 11. As of this writing, approximately 30 sociation (Conference, 41st, Atlantic institutions have been added to the City; proceedings, June 12- 16, 1950), original figure, and questionnaires are p.77- 79; L. F. Perusse, .. Classifying still being received. and Cataloguing Lantern Slides," Jour­ 12. The reason for the institutions stating nal of Cataloguing and Classification the nonexistence of a collection is not 10:77-83 ( 1954); Phyllis A. Reinhardt, readily explainable as reliable direc­ "Photograph and Slide Collections in tories (American Art Directory, Amer­ Art Libraries," Special Libraries 50: ican Library Direct01'1j, and the Direc­ 97-102 (1959); Dimitri Tselos, "A tory of Special Libraries and I nforma­ Simple Slide Classification System," tion Centers) were used to establish a College Art journal 15:344-49 ( 1958); mailing list. Lester C. Walker, Jr., "Low Cost Slide 13. Sandra· A. Kocher, "2 x 2 Color Slides Production for Teaching Aids," College of Art," Art Journal 23:42ff (1963) ; Art journal 13:39-41 ( 1953); Lester "Where to Find Lantern Slides; a List C. Walker, Jr., "Slide Filing and Con­ of Distributors," College Art journal 5: trol," College Art journal 16:325-29 137-39 ( 1946). ( 1957) . 14. Ulrich Thieme, Allgemeines Lexikon 9. P. Harvard-Williams and S. Watson, der Bildenden Kiinstler von der An­ "The Slide Collection at Liverpool tike zur Gegenwart (Leipzig: E. A. School of Architecture," journal of Seeman, 1908-1954). Documentation 16:11-14 (1960); 15. Frederick Cummings, "Art Reference L. E. Kohn, "A Photograph and Lan­ Library," College & Research Librar­ tern Slide Catalog in the Making," Li­ ies 27:201-06 (May 1966). brary 1ournal 57:941-45 ( 1932) ; B. W. Kuvshinoff, "A Graphic Graph­ 16. The institutions which noted this tran­ ics Card Catalog and Computer In­ sition include the following: Arizona dex," American Documentation 18:3-9 State University; Brooklyn College of ( 1967); Elizabeth M. Lewis, "A the City University of New York; Graphic Catalog Card Index," Ameri­ Princeton University; University of Cal­ can Documentation 20: 238-46 ( 1969) ; ifornia at Berkeley; University of Illi­ E. Louise Lucas, "The Classification nois; University of Iowa; University of and Care of Pictures and Slides," ALA Michigan; University of Minnesota; Bulletin 24:382-85 ( 1930); Perusse, University of North Carolina; Univer­ "Classifying and Cataloguing," p. 77- sity of Oregon; University of Pennsyl­ 83; Simons and Tansey, "A Universal vania; University of Pittsburgh; and Slide"; E. Swann, "Problems Involved the University of Texas. JO-ANN DAVIS, ROBERTA BOONE, and IRENE BRADEN HOADLEY Of Making Many Books: A Library Publication Program

The papet· discusses the need for and development of a library pub­ lication program. Details of organization, procedures, and personnel are discussed, the principles of which have broad application to other academic and research libraries.

THERE rs MUCH to indicate that the University Libraries established a per­ current tendencies of libraries, especial­ manent Publications Committee, little ly research and special libraries, are to realizing to what extent, and in what place a new importance on the mission ways, this mission would be fulfilled. of information storage and dissemination. The first meeting of the committee of Of course, information transfer has al­ five members (one ex-officio), appoint­ ways been what libraries are about, but ed by the Director of Libraries, con­ with the advent of automation more at­ vened in October 1964. The functions tention than ever before is being given and goals of the committee at that time to methods of getting the "warehouse" were quite modest: to the public in meaningful and digesti­ 1. To assist and advise in matters per­ ble segments. Discussions of SDI, on­ taining to the Ohio State Universi­ line and other automated services have ty Libraries' publications; blanketed the literature until it appears 2. to promote wider distribution of in­ that not to be automated is to join formation; forces with the library of Assurbanipal. 3. to establish the criteria of selection Yet conventional publishing is far from for the Ohio State University col­ obsolete. The research library has an lection (a special collection of pub­ even greater responsibility not only to lications about the Ohio State Uni­ provide access to its wealth of book­ versity or by its faculty members). form data but, indeed, to assume an ac­ Although the potential scope of these tive role in purveying its unique re­ goals was clearly implied, little if any sources to the research community and attention seems to have been paid to the reading public at large. possible interpretations or implementa­ With this intent, in 1964 the Ohio State tions of the information dissemination aspect as such. The committee w.as, at this point, the classic house committee Jo-Ann Davis is MEDLARS Searcher; assigned to deal with the few house or­ Roberta Boone is Reference Librarian (Health Center Library); and Irene Bra­ gans standard to a library's operations. den Hoadley is Librarian for General Ad­ Practically, the Libraries' publications, at ministration and Research at the Ohio that time, consisted of the usual exhib­ State University Libraries. it catalogs, library guides, and annual re- I 31 32 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 port of the Director. However, with the ·:, Hated (consisting of .four· :numbers to advent of faculty status for librarians at ·date); and, most recently, :the :committee Ohio State University and the concom- now acts as publisher and distributor itant interest of librarians in research, the for . a quarterly literary newsletter of responsibilities of the Publications Com-: \.which a member of the Libraries' facul­ mittee began to expand. ty is co-editor. The committee is also In 1967, the ex-officio member posi- involved, in cooperation with the Inter­ tion was · dropped from the committee ; library Loan Departrltent and the Dean and the remaining four members- of ·the Graduate School, in a project drawn from the Libraries' faculty-were geared to the inexpensive publication of appointed for renewable two-year terms. highly requested master's theses and The mission, of the committee was . als~ ~octoral dissertations: ~·~mpleted before extended, in .1968, to include a research ·1954. This activ:i_ty OCCUl~ l: ~d largely as .a component. The committee is now .. result of reports from .Inter-library Loan charged with fostering and encouraging that, in some cases, a' 'cheaper, more pertinent research by the Libraries' fac- readily available copy of certain items, ulty or staff. To do this, the committee unavailable elsewhere and hence in con­ was given a . small "seed" allocation and stant demand, would be of tremendous an independent account with the und~r- value to the researcher .who otherwise standing that, through the sale of its would be forced to pay · ~xorbitant. pho­ products, it would become self-sustain- tocopy charges to gain,access to neces­ ing and able to sponsor additional proj- sary information. When such an iten1 is ects of a scholarly nature worthy of pub- brought to the attention of the commit­ lication. tee, the author is approached regarding In one year's time, the committee. has his desire to have his, thesis published become virtually self-sustaining. It has in a ~nore permanent form .. If he assents, been allotted office space in the Librar- the department in which the thesis was ies, keeps its own accounts and sales submitted and the Dean of the Graduate records, employs part-time clerical as- School are informed and, with their ap­ sistants and, in other words,. has proval, the thesis is edited, printed, and achieved that measure of autonomy so made available to the .user at a .£rae­ essential to the publishing arm of any tion of the cost of photocopying. organization. It even has its own colo- Presently, the committee handles phon. three types of publications.:, ( 1 ) conven- The committee, though working close- tional materials, such .as exhibit cata­ ly with the Director of Libraries, reports logs and guides which are available on to the Libraries' faculty-at-large. In prac- a gift and exchange b~sis; ( 2) the Li­ tical terms, this means that the chairman braries' numbered ser~es which consists of the committee presents an annual re- of substantive reference and bibliograph­ port at the spring meeting of the Li- ic. works; and ( 3) individual works for braries' faculty, and any questions re:- which there has been . a demonstrated garding the functioning of the commit- information need. tee or its operations may be answered The committee is also charged gen- at that time. erally with advising and assisting in the Thus far, several monographs, chiefly publication of manuscripts~ Therefore, bibliographic, have been published projects undertaken on the . Libraries' either by the committee or under its time or with financial or other direct auspices; an Ohio State University Li~ Libraries' support milsf ·be brought to braries monographic series has been ini- the attention of the ·committee. Items . Of Making Many Books I 33

which are published as official Libraries' with the printer and advises on the publications .. must be submitted to the method of printing and other technical committee for consideration and ap­ considerations for each manuscript. All proval. ~ontact with the printer and university When a manuscript is submitted, the purchasing operations is done through committee determines the value of the this individual. The second aspect is item for publication. If an additional publicity. This includes preparing mail­ opinion is necessary for this determina­ ing lists, press releases, displays, and ad­ tion, the committee will obtain the ser­ vertisements for all committee activities. vices of a subject specialist to assist in The memher responsible for . the third making the decision. aspect (accounting and finance) main­ If the item is to be published, the tains sales, inventory, and income rec­ committee then decides whether to pub­ ords, the general files and records of the lish it in house or to attempt to secure committee, and supervises the· filling of a commercial publisher. If the latter all orders. The responsibilities of the course is elected, the committee then chairman include coordinating the ac­ seeks such a publisher and makes the. tivities of the other members of the com­ necessary arrangements. The commit­ mittee, keeping the minutes of meet­ tee .also determines whether the item ings, interviewing and hiring personnel, will become part of the Libraries' num­ drafting policy, procedures, and con­ bered series. tracts for the committee, preparing state­ If the manuscript is to be published ments and reports as needed, and ar­ in house, the committee provides cler­ ranging meetings and special activities. ical, editorial, or other assistance as nec­ The committee hands out to each essary to prepare the final copy for pub­ prospective author a proof and manu­ lication. The committee also arranges script guide (ours happens to be that for and subsidizes the cost for printing, published for The Association of Amer­ advertising, sales, and distribution. ican University Presses but there are All monies derived fron1 sales are other guides available) and a statement placed in the committee's account to de­ of the committee's manuscript require­ fray the costs of each publication. Ex­ ments including such considerations as cess funds are then used to finance new bibliographic style, type requirements, projects. and author responsibilities, such as edit­ Each manuscript that is accepted by ing, proofing, and correction. The au­ the committee is assigned to a commit­ thorI researcher is then assigned his com­ tee member who acts as editor. This per­ mittee liaison. When the manuscript is son edits and serves as a liaison between accepted for publication, an agreement the author and the committee as a whole. is drawn up according to terms (sales, Final action is always taken in consulta­ royalty, etc.) agreed upon by both the tion with the entire committee. author and the committee. A Library of In order to handle the increased vol­ Congress number and copyright are then ume and variety of responsibility placed sought when appropriate, the cover de­ upon it, the committee has had to refine sign and book format are composed, and and streamline its structure and in house the manuscript is put out for bids and publication processes. Currently, each subsequently printed. At the same time, member is responsible for one function­ the nature and volume of publicity is de­ al aspect of committee operation. The termined, and decisions are made re­ first of these is printing and reproduc­ garding review and other promotional tion. The member responsible negotiates aspects. 34 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971

Since the committee's formation, thir­ The rationale for library publishing is ty-one publications have been done in in part related to that for libraries them­ house; fifteen of these within the last selves-to collect, organize, and dissem­ two years. Numerous items have been inate information. Information dissemi­ submitted to the committee for which a nation has been defined as the spread­ commercial publisher was subsequent­ ing of ideas, but it has been suggested ly found. These items currently assume that libraries have taken too narrow an such diversified forms as subject bibli­ interpretation of this definition. Even ographies, research monographs, and a now, with the many widespread at­ poetry collection (for which an illustra­ tempts to instill new vigor into the word, tor was also commissioned) . most libraries still think of ideas as en­ It should be obvious that one of the tities already existing in some physical, most valuable by-products of this activ­ storable form-the forms with which a ity is the wealth of experience gained library deals. The ideas for which a pa­ by the professionals involved. A clearer tron searches however may not always understanding of what is involved in be . available in these cohesive perma­ book production and of some of the basic nent units. The library then is often the criteria of book evaluation are substan­ first agency to become aware of both tial assets to the professional librarian. the existence of a patron's need and Twelve professional librarians have had the lack of availability of materials to the opportunity of serving and profiting fill that need. The demand for this data from the experience. may be quite s1nall or geographically But aside from the benefits accruing limited or both. Most commercial pub­ to the committee participants, is there lishers .are often hesitant to take on small good reason for the library to embark on projects, and too often they already have an endeavor which only contributes to a full publishing schedule so that it may the proliferation of materials (and their take a considerable time to produce the equally proliferating storage and manage­ finished product. ment problems) which are already a A library faculty may produce re­ woe to the conscientious librarian? search which is worthwhile but which is Librarians have always been faced also commercially unpublishable be­ with the task of publishing their own in cause of its small market. Thus, a library house necessities-material too ephem­ publication committee, while by no eral or too limited in appeal to attract a means a vanity press, serves as an out­ commercial publisher and nlaterial let for the professional or creative work which must be disseminated quickly. of library personnel and thereby stimu­ From this type of publishing, it is but a lates professional research. The com­ small mental jump to publishing bibli- · mittee further encourages this research ographies, guides to the literature of by publicizing current projects, by so­ various disciplines, or state-of-the-art re­ liciting manuscripts to fill a specific ports. Nor is it difficult to envision li­ need .as perceived through library use, braries publishing material in the field and by providing partial financial sup­ of library science. What may be some­ port. \vhat more incomprehensible is a library The encouragement, support, and publishing materials completely unrelat­ publication of research, based mainly ed to the library milieu (as unrelated as upon a library's collections should be a book could be) such as a book on considered a forward-looking and im­ finance, a book of poetry, or a paper on portant professional activity for a library. computer-assisted instruction. It is also a partial answer to the teaching Of Making Many Boo~ I 35 faculty who often accuse librarians of own library lobby. There is also the frus­ not deserving faculty rank and status tration of having to clear press releases because they neither teach nor engage through so many administrative offices in research. Production of well-written that the book has been out for two weeks professional and creative materials adds before the notices leave the campus. considerably to the prestige of a li­ This is not to mention the ulcerations of brary. This prestige reflects upon the overestimates and underbids and the university .as a whole and improves the whole question of infringement and library's position within the university ownership when dealing with a Inanu­ community. It also reflects upon the pro­ script produced as part of a university fession as a whole, strengthens the li­ project (or when the author dies ·while brary's power to attract new employees, his manuscript is still in the library's and contributes to internal morale. hands awaiting publication) and it is The above considerations are based discovered that a division of a state in­ on the premise that the library is pub­ stitution cannot retain legal counsel. The lishing well-written, well-researched, "insolence of office and the law's delay" and well-produced material. The li­ begins to appear the best-turned phrase brary must build its reputation as pub­ in the English language. And through lisher carefully, aiming at a small but it all seep the insidious emanations specialized market whose needs it hopes from the .academic departments who to meet, while maintaining standards of hate the program because it is "library," excellence pertinent to its limited range and from the administrative departments of service. who hate it for raising new problems To conclude, it should be pointed out and more paperwork, and from the uni­ that the establishment of a library pub­ versity press who hates it because it is lication program is not attained through competitive and anyhow, it is only "li­ a succession of sparkling accomplish­ brary." ments. The committee has waged many But it is worth it precisely because of wars in pursuit of this goal. these pitfalls. If libraries have informa­ It should be one of Murphy's laws tion to promote and are constantly that bureaucracy and human nature ab­ searching for ways to accomplish this, hor change and individual accomplish­ why should they back away from a full­ ment, especially in a large institution. scale assault on the publishing n1edium There are .always toes on which to tread as a means to that end? A whole no­ or some legal conundrum designed to man's land of information resources-too bring the cleverest notions to nothing. small for the commercial press, too There is the embarrassing situation of large for mimeograph or photocopy-is being able to get coverage in the na­ packed within the library's bulging walls. tional literature but being unable to pro­ Dispense it! You have nothing to lose cure adequate display facilities in one's but the fetters on your image! EUGENE P. SHEEHY Selected Reference· Books of '1969-70

lNTRODUCfiON lowing schedule: 1967_:_ 68, 1969, 1955-60, 1961-66, and then, 1970. Presumably, quarterly issues of Bibliografia venezolana THIS ARTICLE CONTINUES the semian­ will be superseded by annual cumulations. nual series originally edited by Con­ If this goal is achieved, a valuable refer­ stance M. Winchell. Although it appears ence series will be available for .librarians under a byline, the list is actually a proj­ ~J?.d scholars.-].S. ect of the Reference Department of .the British Museum. Dept. of Printed Books. Columbia University Libraries, and notes A Short-Title Catalogue of French Books, are signed with the initials of the indi­ 1601- 1700, in the Library of the British vidual staff members.1 Museum, by V. F. Goldsmith. Folke­ Since the purpose of the list is to pre­ stone, Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1969- sent a selection of recent scholarly and . Fasc.1- . (In progress) 70-76327. foreign works of interest to reference Contents: Fasc.1, A-B. £5. workers in university libraries, it does Although appearing in a different for­ not pretend to be either well balanced or mat, this work continues chronologically comprehensive. Code numbers (such as the Museum's Short-Title Catalogue of AA 71, 2BD89) have been used to refer French Books 1470- 1600 (Guide AA462). to titles in the Guide to Reference Books Basi~ally an author catalog, the completed and its supplements. 2 work will contain about 35,000 entries for seventeenth-century books "written wholly or partly in French, no matter where pub­ BIBLIOGRAPHY lished" and those "in no matter what lan­ Bibliografia venezolana. Afio 1, no.1- , guage, published or printed at any place Enero/Marzo 1970- . Caracas, Bibli­ which today forms a part of metropolitan oteca Nacional, Centro Bibliografico Ven­ France."-Foreword. It lists works appear­ ezolano, 1970- . Quarterly. ing in the General Catalogue of the Mu­ seum (Guide AA67), works acquired since Publication of this bibliography repre­ 1955, a.nd some earlier accessions not found sents Venezuela's first major effort to re­ in the printed catalog. In addition, three gain bibliographic control since the last is­ extensive collections of "Mazarinades" are sue of Anuario bibliogrdfico venezolano here ·fully listed for the first time. Nine (Guide AA732) covering through 1954. more fascicles are planned for publication Books, pamphlets, government publications, over the next two and a half years, the and periodical articles published in Vene­ final part to include extensive indexes.­ zuela, plus materials about Venezuela or by E.S. Venezuelan authors published abroad are arranged according to Dewey classification. Mashkova, Mariia Vasil'evna. Istoriia rus­ Detailed citations are provided, generally skoi bibliografii nachala XX veka (do including full name of author, complete oktiabria 1917 goda). Moskva, Kniga, title, place, publisher, date, pagination, and 1969. 492p. 1r., 2k. 70-457301. series. To complete bibliographic coverage since As the author indicates in her introduc­ 1954, the Biblioteca N acional has pro­ tion, this is the first comprehensive history posed a series of retrospective bibliogra­ of Russian bibliography of the beginning phies to be published according to the fol- of the twentieth century. It is intended as 36/ Selected Reference Books of 1969-70 I 31 a continuation of Nikolai V. Zdobnov's Is­ parison of this first volume with that of the toriia russkoi bibliografii do nachala XX second: edition indicates that only the size veka (3d . ed., Moscow, 1955). The work of the encyclopedia will have diminished, covers in great detail such topics .as con­ not its relative quality. Of course this is temporary and retrospective bibliographies necessarily a subjective judgment, since of both books and periodicals; bibliogra­ any socialist-and especially a Soviet-en­ phies of suppressed writings and of the cyclopedia is extremely biased in its pre­ output of the many political organizations sentation of material, and accuracy and bal­ of the period; the achievements of several anced content cannot be used as standards. important Russian bibliographers; and the The preface states that special emphasis is development of bibliographic organiza­ placed on achievements in communist­ tions. An index of names is provided. Im­ dominated areas and on those subjects pressive in the thoroughness of its scholar­ (i.e~, philosophy, economics, political sci­ ship, the volume is an important contribu­ ence, sociology) which support the spread tion to the study of Russian bibliography. of socialist ideology. -N.S. . The encyclopedia is compiled by a large team of scholars. Articles are signed, al­ Short-title Catalog of Books Printed in phabetically arranged, and wherever pos­ Italy and of Books in Italian Printed sible, the headings kept broad, with a gen­ Abroad, 1501-1600, Held in Selected erous . use of subheadings for specificity. North American Libraries. Boston, G. K. In the many cases where the headings are Hall, 1970. 3v. $95. not proper names but nouns or adjectives, An American finding-tool for books from there is some ambiguity in form of entry. a historical period of great interest to Bibliographic references, some of them scholars, this is a very welcome addition to dated as recently as 1969, appear at the Italian bibliography. Scope is defined in end of many articles, and the additional the title; format is that of the British Mu­ heavy use of graphs, charts, drawings, pho­ seum's Short-title Catalogue of Books Print­ tographs, maps, and plates will make this ed in Italy (Guide AA561). Arrangement a handsome as well as useful reference set follows that of the British Museum work, for the reader prepared for its limitations. listing entries primarily by author, and add­ No mention is made of an index, but since ing some items not in the earlier catalog. the previous edition has a two-volume in­ Forty-two American and Canadian libraries dex published after the appearance of the reported locations, but unfortunately Har­ rest of the set, we can probably assume vard, Yale, Columbia, Princeton, The Uni­ that this will be the case here also.-E.L. versity of California, and Huntington li­ braries are absent from the list. The index of printers and publishers is an indispensi­ DICTIONARIES ble adjunct to a work of this kind, with entries chronologically arranged under each Dizionario delle lingue italiana e inglese. name. On the whole, this is a scholarly Vladimiro Macchi, ed. Firenze, Sansoni, work, carefully edited, and of great inter­ [1970- ]. Pt.1, v.1- est to academic libraries.-G.L. Contents: Pt.1, v.1, Italiano-Inglese, A­ L. 759p. 20,000 L. ENCYCLOPEDIAS Added title page in English; introduc­ tory matter in Italian and English. Bol' shaia sovetskaia entsiklopediia. Tret'e About 100,000 entries are to be includ­ izd. Glav. Red. A. M. Prokhorov. Mosk­ ed in the Italian-English part of this new va, Izd-vo

These last two limitations indicate gaps in Annual? $47.50. 76-114404. scholarship; therefore, the last volume of Subtitle: An alphabetical list, with ad­ the set will include a supplement with ar­ dresses, of 320,000 faculty members at jun­ ticles on the various schools and traditions ior colleges, colleges, and universities in of ancient Oriental and Near Eastern as­ the United States. tronomy and natural science. The subtitle tells all. This is in effect a Each article stresses the scientific career "who's where" for the academic world, and influence rather than the purely per­ listing names of faculty members with de­ sonal aspects of the man's life. An excellent partment and institutional affiliation, but bibliography concludes each biography, with no indication of faculty rank or other pointing out important editions, locations information. The directory was generated of manuscripts, and noteworthy critical from a data bank which is being constant­ and descriptive works. A detailed index ly updated from new college catalogs and will round out the series-detailed in order bulletins.-E.S. that the scholar can trace "the evolution of problems, concepts and subjects through Valentine, Alan. The British Establishment, articles about persons who contributed to 1760-1784; an Eighteenth-Century Bi­ their development."-Pref. The work ographical Dictionary. Norman, Univ. of achieves a high quality of scholarship and Oklahoma Pr., [1970]. 2v. $19.95. 69- is very readable. One is surprised, however, 16734. at some of the inclusions: St. Augustine This compilation of "skeleton biogra­ and Abelard, for example, who have evi­ phies" will be welcomed by the student of dently been added to explain the contri­ late eighteenth-century history and poli­ bution of the humanistic attitude toward tics. The period covered, which begins the freedom of scientific investigation.­ with the accession of George III and ends E.M. after the Peace of Paris, was chosen be­ cause it is of "special interest to both Brit­ Miguel i Verges, Jose Maria. Dicciona1·io ish and American historians, because it has de insurgentes. Mexico, Editorial Por­ a remarkable ... unity in its problems and rua, 1969. 623p. il. 200 pesos. its leading characters, and because its i\1ore than 4,000 biographies of insur­ contemporaty source materials are studded gents in the Mexican War of Independence with the names of men seldom satisfactorily have been incorporated into this diction­ identified ... ."-Foreword. It is these less­ ary. The sketches, which vary in length er names which constitute the bulk of the from a few lines to eleven pages (for Mi­ three thousand, alphabetically arranged guel Hidalgo y Costilla), involved twenty sketches of members of the court, govern­ years of exacting research, and the work ment, army, navy, church, legal and finan­ is published posthumously. The term "in­ cial professions, and society. Almost half surgent" has been interpreted broadly to of them do not appear in the DNB. include previously unknown figures who Sketches usually give genealogy, education, were killed, imprisoned, or exiled during and career; membership in Parliament is the years 1810-1822, as well as the rec­ always noted. In the case of well-known ognized leaders and commanders of the persons, tl1e reader is directed to standard fight for independence. Military and pub­ sources for more complete information. lic officials who fought against indepen­ Sources are not indicated in entries, but dence and those who joined the struggle in the leading 'British depositories of archival its last few months have also been in­ materials are mentioned in the foreword cluded. The thoroughness of the author's as having been important to the author's research is complemented by his inclusion research.-R.K. of bibliographies; the addition of plates provides the final touch.-].S. RELIGION The National Faculty Directory, 1970- Brandon, Samuel George Frederick, ed. Detroit, Gale Research Co., [ 1970- ] . A Dictionm·y of Comparative Religion. 40 I College & Research Libraries· • January 1971

London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson~ [19701• ticularly those reported in the National 704p. $17.50. 76-111390. . . ". Council of Churches' Year book of Amer­ Twenty-eight British scholars, under the ican Churches."-Pref. Entries for subsidi­ general direction of S. G. F. Brando·n., Pro­ ary materials range from events and per­ fessor of Comparative Religion at the Uni­ sonalities in church history , through docu­ versity of Manchester, have contributed to ments, doctrines, practices, and theolog­ this volume designed "to meet the increas­ ical themes. The approximately 2,300 con­ ing demand for information, reliable· and cise~ unsigned a1ticles represent contribu­ current, about the religious beliefs and tions of more than one hundred scholars practices of mankind" and "to treat the and specialists of many . faiths. Although various religions proportionately to their edited under Roman Catholic auspices, the significance in the history of human cul­ work is ecumenical in intent, offering the ture."-Pref. It attempts to update the Christian reader "an understanding of venerable Encyclopaedia of Religion ·and Churches other than his own and of his Ethics (Guide BB12) and to correct the own in relation to others." Bibliographical Christian imbalance of Die Religion in references are usually provided, and the Geschichte und Gegenwart (Guide BB17). work is generously cross-referenced.-E.S. The main body of the Dictionary is. an alphabetical arrangement of articles cover­ LITERATURE ing subjects as diverse as: anthropology, butterfly, existentialism, the "Honest to Albrecht, Gunter and Dahlke Gunther. God" debate, Karl Marx, and the Scandi­ Internationale Bibliographie ' zur Ge­ navian School of the history of religion. schichte de1· deutschen Literatur von Articles on specific terms are often only den Anfiingen bis zur Gegenwart. Miin­ one or two sentences in length, while those chen, Verlag Dokumentation, 1969- . on more general topics (e.g., creed, ethics, v.1- . (To be in 2v.) 76-430568. festivals) may be five or more pages, sub­ Contents: v.l, Von den Anfangen bis divided by appropriate religious groups. 1789. 1045p. . The "lesser" religions (e.g., North Amer­ This ambitious bibliographic undertak­ ican Indian, Parthian) are described in ing is a product of "socialist cooperation" single articles; the major faiths are included and is published under joint auspices of in the "Synoptic Index" where all articles East German scholarship and the Academy relevant to each are listed alphabetically. of Sciences of the USSR. Other contribut­ All articles are signed, and most include a ing countries are Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Rumania, and Hun­ bibliography. This is a fascinating "brows­ gary. The work is planned as a compre­ ing" book and should be valuable for the hensive, though selective bibliography for study of religion as a social phenomenon. study and research. Publications in all Articles are clear and concise, with many forms and all languages are considered, cross-references. The bibliographies, both and represent all aspects of German litera­ general and specific, seem particularly well ture. A general section lists studies on lit­ chosen and up to date.-D.G. erary history, theory and form; a chrono­ logical part lists editions and criticism of O'Brien, Thomas C., ed. Corpus Diction­ works in the field of German philology ary of Western Churches. Washington, Corpus Publications, [1970]. 820p. from all periods. Studies in other fields­ $17.50. 78-99501. history, political science, sociology, music, architecture, etc.-are considered for their "Churches that have developed through­ influence on literature. The work is clearly out the history of Western Christianity" based on an ideological plan stressing the are the central concern of this new, ready progressive tradition in literature; neverthe­ reference work, with special attention be­ less, it constitutes a valuable reference tool ing given to "North American Churches in because of its inclusiveness.-H.P. the Western tradition that are of either historical or contemporary significance, par- Cioranescu, Alexandre. Bibliographie de Selected· Reference Books of 1969-70 I 41

la litterature franQaise du dix-huitieme fleeted: the "new school" of the early 30s siecle. Paris, Centre National de Ia Re­ that discussed authors within the frame­ cherche Scientifique, 1969. 3v. 340F. 70- work of their lives and times; the "struc­ 453192. tural" school that analyzed each work line Following remarkably closely on his vol­ by line; the "archetypal'' school that saw umes for the sixteenth and seventeenth recurring and eternal patterns in dissimilar centuries (Guide. BD665 and Suppl. 1BD- works. A major drawback is that no men­ 71), this is the third and last of the au­ tion is made of controversial critics or, as thor's series of bibliographies of French the editor says, critics about whom there literature. As in the previous compilations, are "differences of opinion among experts"; the general section is a selected list of this eliminates many new and valuable in­ sources for the study of the historical, so­ sights. There is an index of critics in the cial, and cultural background of the peri­ last volume. Bibliographies would be use­ od. The individual author bibliographies ful, but this would add an entirely new list significant editions of a writer's works, dimension to the work's scope. The com­ and books and articles about him published pilation is valuable for acquainting new before 1961. A sentence or two of bio­ readers with the tenor of modern criticism. graphical information is often provided. In­ -G.L. dexing is thorough, if occasionally inaccu­ Foster, David William and Foster, Vir­ rate. While this bibliography lacks anno­ ginia Ramos. Research Guide to Argen­ tations, its comprehensiveness assures it a tine Literature. Metuchen, N.J., Scare­ place of first importance among bibliogra­ phies of eighteenth-century French litera­ crow Pr., 1970. 146p. $5. 70-9731. ture.-N.S. Here is an attempt to compile for the student of Argentine literature a working The Critical Temper; a Survey of Modem bibliography of book and journal titles Criticism on English and American Lit­ which will serve as a guide to a growing erature from the Beginnings to the Twen­ body of literary criticism. Part I lists im­ tieth Century. Martin Tucker, gen. ed. portant bibliographic sources; Part II, jour­ N.Y., Ungar, [1969]. 3v. $45. 68-8116. nals publishing research in the field; Part Intended as a supplement to Moulton's III is an extensive topical listing of general Library of Literary Criticism (Guide BD- works of criticism. A final section deals 339), this work is arranged chronologically with individual literary figures, presenting by period, then alphabetically by author. lists of critical works on 43 authors; the For most authors there is a biographical criteria for selection were qualitative. headnote, mention of the standard biogra­ There is an index to critics.-M.M. phy, then excerpts of criticism culled from Myers, Robin. A Dictionary of Literature critics of "commonly acknowledged reputa­ in the English Language, from Chaucer tion."-Foreword. Criticism under each au­ to 1940. Comp. for the National Book thor is arranged by individual work and League. Oxford, [etc.] Pergamon Pr., then chronologically to enable the reader [1970- ]. v.1- . il. to ascertain the changing currents of opin­ More a bibliography than a dictionary, ion. Critical excerpts for the eight periods this work offers biographical and biblio­ covered were assembled by eight individu­ graphical information on about 3500 au­ al scholars. The amount of space given to thors writing in English, whose first work an author is based essentially on how many was published before 1940. There are a critical approaches are made to his work; few brief entries for literary magazines thus, the quantity of work on John Donne and for literary clubs and groups; some based on one critical premise has resulted nonliterary writers of merit are included. in a shorter section than the one for Lord Biographical information is sketchy, and Byron whose works have been approached the bulk of the work is devoted to lists of from many critical viewpoints. The various individual writers' works with publication schools of criticism of this century are re- dates. Author entries include "a iist of bib- 42 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 liographical sources used in compilation or currently under serious study also. The suggested for further study" (Pref .), but work falls far short of the scholarly tool it unfortunately standard sources such as might have been, but because of the vari­ .. CBEL" and "Spiller" predominate here, eties of approach it will be useful nonethe­ with relatively little attention given to sin­ less.-G.L. gle-author bibliographies. A second volume is to provide a title-author index of the ap­ SOCIOLOGY proximately 60,000 works cited, and this promises to be the most useful feature of Glenn, Norval D., Alston, Jon P. and Wei­ an otherwise fairly undistinguished work. ner, David. Social Stratification: a Re­ -E.S. search Bibliography. Berkeley, Calif., Glendessary Pr., [1970]. 466p. $14. 74- MonoN PicTuREs 104325. Concerned with a specialty that has at­ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sci­ tracted growing attention among sociolo­ ences. Who Wrote the Movie and What gists and anthropologists in recent years, Else Did He Write? An Index of Screen this long bibliography is addressed to stu­ W riters and Their Film Works, 1936- dents and scholars in the social sciences 1969. Los Angeles, The Academy and and practitioners in many applied fields. the Writers Guild of America, West, Listing books, parts of books, and journal 1970. 491p. $45. articles in English, it covers (widely, but Although the material indexed here will selectively) publications chiefly from 1940 be of undoubted interest to researchers to early 1968. Part I is entitled "Social in the growing field of film studies, there stratification" and Part II, "Social mobility are some serious drawbacks in the compila­ and the correlates of stratification." Each is tion. The work attempts to provide infor­ ubdivided into some thirty specific topics mation about authorship of screen plays under which entries are arranged alpha­ and source material from which screen betically by author. Enb·ies do not carry plays were drawn. Information is arranged annotations or other indications of impor­ by writer and by film, with an additional tance or quality. There is an author index; index by awards. Except in the Awards the table of contents serves in lieu of one Index, the scope of the movies included is by subject. Although journals outside soci­ nowhere indicated. Are all American films ology were not searched so intensively as indexed? There is a scattering of foreign those in the field, spot-checking shows some fil ms, but one can only surmise that the citations to the leading journals in anthro­ presence or absence of a title is due to its pology, demography, and political science. distribution (or lack of it) by an American -R.K. distributor. Under an individual writer's name one finds all movies with which he Porter, Dorothy Burnett. The Negro in the was associated, but no attempt is made United States; a Selected Bibliography. there to distinguish precisely what his con­ Washington, Library of Congress ( distr. nection was. One must turn to the Film Title by Supt. of Docs.), 1970. 313p. $3.25. Index for an indication of the type of 78-606085. screen credit. In a tool with such varied --. A Working Bibliog1·aphy on the N e­ and complex symbols it is regretted that gro in the United States. [Ann Arbor, the type of credit was not included in the Mich.], Xerox, University Microfilms, Writers Index as welL 1969. 202p. $8.25. 68-55572. The beginning date of the index was Most college and university libraries will evidently chosen fo r the convenience of probably acquire both of these items, but the compilers (since 1936 was the begin­ if a choice must be made, opt for the Li­ ning of the Academy's Writer-Producer brary of Congress publication. Not only is Basic Code of Agreement which codified it a bargain at the low price, but, while it writer-collaborator contributions) , but un­ includes fewer entries ( 1781 as opposed to fortunately, movie made before 1936 are 1996, each work listing some items not Selected Reference Books of 1969-70 I 43

found in the other), it has the advantage of GEOGR<\PHY a detailed subject approach through the author-subject index whereas the Working Lock Clara Beatrice Muriel. Modern Bibliography has only an author index. Maps and Atlases; an Outline Guide to Both bibliographies employ a classed ar­ Twentieth Century Production. [Lon­ rangement with similar subject categories. don], Bingley; [Hamden, Conn.], Arch­ The stated purpose of the two works is on, [1969]. 619p. $15. 70-6153. fairly similar: the Working Bibliography is Deploring the lack of coordinated work intended to facilitate book selection "for on "recent and current world, nation and public, private and university collections thematic mapping" (Introd.) as opposed to of Afro-Americana" (Introd.), while the oth­ the extensive literature on historical cartog­ er is "designed to meet the current needs raphy, the author has here assembled a of students, teachers, librarians, research­ vast amount of information on methods ers, and the general public for in troduc­ and means of mapping, and on national tory guidance to the study of the Negro and international cartographic agencies, in the United States" (Pref.). Miss Porter their development and production. Chap­ is Librarian of the Negro Collection at ters deal with 1) techniques of modern Howard University.-E.S. cartography; 2) international maps and at­ lases; 3) national and regional maps and FoLKLORE atlases; 4) thematic maps and atlases; and 5) map librarianship. Chapters 2 and 3 Briggs, Katharine Mary. A Dictionary of are of special interest to the reference h­ British Folk-Tales in the English Lan­ brarian for the historical and critical notes guage, Incorporating the F. ]. Norton on outstanding world atlases and on the Collection. London, Routledge & national cartographic departments and K. Paul; Bloomington, Indiana Univ. their published output. Bibliographic refer­ Pr., [1970- ]. Pt.A, v.1- . (In prog­ ences are liberally offered, and there is a ress; to be in 4v.) 70-97241. very detailed index.-E.S. Contents: Pt.A: Folk narratives, v.1, Fables and exempla; Fairy tales; v.2, Jocu­ HISTORY lar tales; Novelle; Nursery tales. £ lO,lOs; $28. Dupuy, Richard Ernest and Dupuy, Tre­ vor N. The Encyclopedia of Military "Dictionary" seems almost a misnomer Histm·y; from 3500 B.C. to the Present. for this work which is actually a collection N.Y., Harper & Row, [1970]. 1406p. il. of transcriptions and summaries of folk tales $20. 7 4-81871. in English. To be sure, the main sections are alphabetically arranged, and within After fifteen years of research, a father sections the tales are arranged alphabeti­ and son team noted for their treatises on cally by title. However, since many of the American military history have produced tales have no real titles, since some titles a work long desired by historians. Whether vary in different collections, and since dif­ or not this single volume fulfills the need depends on what the reader is looking for; ferent tales sometimes have the same title, written for the layman, the work is not access is most likely to be through the "In­ intended as a military history of the world, dex of Tale-types" according to numbers of but as a quick reference source it may be the Aarne-Thompson tale-type index, or by invaluable to the general researcher and, scanning the index of titles. Tales were in particular, to the student of war. Orga­ drawn from a wide range of sources as in­ nized into twenty-one chapters arranged dicated by the impressive list of books chronologically into arbitrarily chosen time quoted, cited and consulted. Part B is to periods, the volume is easy to use and has deal \vith "Folk legends" (tales once be­ copious cross-reference . Each chapter is lieved to be true) as opposed to "Folk nar­ divided into three sections offering 1) a ratives" (tales told for edification or amuse­ very basic introduction to the military ment) .-E.S. trends of the period (leadership, we~pon-

------44 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 ry, strategy, tactics, theory, etc.); 2) a each book or pamphlet in .any way relat­ chronological narrative of the era's princi­ ing to, or printed in, French Polynesia." pal conflicts; and 3) a discussion of the Despite acknowledged gaps, it is a most military affairs of "major geographical impressive collection. About a third of the areas." total collection is listed and described in Emphasis is cle~rly upon western military some detail in this author catalog of more affairs, especially those areas of the authors' than 1350 items. The 'editor admits to specialization: the American Revolution somewhat arbitrary selection, with relative and Civil War, and the two world wars. completeness in only limited areas. Never­ Land warfare is heavily favored over na­ theless, this is sure to become an important val, as are American conflicts over those reference source for Pacific scholars.-E.S. of Europe, not to mention the lack of ma­ terial on the East and even imperial Rus­ Henige, David P. Colonial Governors from sia. Also, nearly 45 percent of the text is de­ the Fifteenth Century to · the Present; a voted to the nineteenth and twentieth cen­ Comprehensive List. Madison, Univ. of turies. Any work of this magnitude has its Wisconsin Pr., 1970. 461p. $12.50. 73- strengths and weaknesses, and this is no 81320. exception. While the table of contents needs greater subdivision (as in Langer's Professor Henige prefaces his volume Encyclopedia of World History), the three with thanks to a large number of archivists indices (general, battles and sieges, and and librarians from all over the world. wars ) are superb-by far the best feature The cooperation of these men, plus Hen­ of the volume. Unfortunately, the weakest ige's unravelling of various government point of the compendium is its maps and documents and his searching of reference diagrams-things so necessary to the com­ works have provided scholars and librarians prehension of military affairs. with a very valuable reference tool. The Factually the work is extremely accurate, aim is to "present lists of the governors of but this advantage is diluted by a naive the European colonies from 1415 to the view of diplomacy, politics, and other war­ present time."-Pref. Although the United related fields, and by concluding commen­ States doesn't think of its territories as col­ taries that are often simplistic or laden with onies, enough features exist "to make the unnecessary moral judgments. A complete United States along with Japan, a non­ bibliography for such an immense field European example of imperial expansion" could scarcely be expected, but the one (p.354) , and both nations are included. provided is indeed a paradox. The general The author has arranged the book's con­ background works cited offer a good sur­ tents under thirteen imperial systems, list­ vey of the art of war, and the selective ing the colonies alphabetically under each. bibliographies are adequate for the non­ Within each colony section he lists the specialist. On the other hand, only one governors chronologically. Each list begins foreign source is cited, and the inclusion with a short description of the history of of some works and the omission of others the imperial system or the position of the is altogether mystifying.-M.S. colony in the system. Concluding each list Du Rietz, Rolf. Bibliotheca Polynesiana. is the major source of information used. Oslo, Privately publ. (for sale by Alm­ The general index is very detailed and, qvist & Wiksell), 1969. 455p. Sw.Kr. when one becomes accustomed to the au­ 400. thor's system of referring to colony num­ Subtitle: A catalogue of some of the bers, quite easy to use. There is also an books in the Polynesiana collection formed index of governors' names.-E.M. by the late Bjarne Kroepelien and now in the Oslo University Library. Johnson, Donald Clay, comp. A Guide to The aim of the Kroepelien collection Reference Materials on Southeast Asia was "to bring together as many editions, Based on the Collections in the Yale and impressions, issues and states as possible of Cornell University Libraries. New Haven, Selected Reference Books of 1969-70 I 45

Yale Univ. Pr., 1970. 160p. $8.75. 75- taining to a particular country. Because the 104616. index is of authors only, a more detailed The compiler of this bibliography has at­ table of contents would have made this tempted to provide a "comprehensive timely bibliography more useful.-].S. guide to reference materials that deal with Southeast Asia."-Pref. The first criterion REFERENCES for inclusion was that each title be avail­ able in the library at Yale or Cornell (or in 1. Diane Goon, Rita Keckeissen, Georgia both) . Since these libraries have significant Lanzano, Eileen Mcilvaine, Mary Ann holdings in the field, Mr. Johnson has been Miller, Heidemarie Peterson, Janet able to produce an extensive list .of sepa­ Schneider, Nancy Schroeder, Michael rately published works, including govern­ Sesit; School of Library Service, Evelyn ment publications, which deal exclusively Lauer. or primarily with Southeast Asia. The work 2 .. Constance M. Winchell, Guide to Ref­ is divided according to form, such as bib­ erence Books (·8th ed.; Chicago: ALA, liographies, published catalogs, and gener­ 1967); Supplement I (Chicago: ALA, al statistics, and by subject; it is then sub­ 1968) ; Supplement II (Chicago: ALA, divided into general works and works per- 1970). Recent Publications

BOOK REVIEWS riam Danton's Index to Festschriften in Li­ brarianship (New York: Bowker, 1970) East Central Europe; A Guide to Basic appeared too late for consultation but it in­ Publications. Paul Horecky, ed. Chicago: dicates that a number of older festschriften University of Chicago Press, 1969. 956p. contain notable papers on pertinent li­ $27.50. braries. As an addition to Chapter 1, one could Dr. Horecky is well known as the editor consider F. Tetzner, Die Slawen in of important bibliographies in the Slavistic Deutschland (Braunschweig: Vieweg, field (Basic Russian Publications, 1962; 1902). To Item 116, The Habsburg Mon­ Southeastern Europe Basic Publications~ archy, one could have a reference to Oscar 1969), and the announcement of a new Jaszi, The Dissolution of the Habsburg book raised very high expectations for a M anarchy~ listed under Item 962. Another significant new bibliographical tool. These interesting item would have been Charles hopes have not been disappointed. With Gulick, Austria from Habsburg to Hitler the cooperation of 79 well-selected experts, (Berkeley: University of California Press, Dr. Horecky has given to Slavic studies and 1948) . Although the main topic of Gulick's to libraries a valuable compendium. book is Austria after 1918, it has many val­ The book is organized in six chapters: uable remarks on Czechoslovakia and Hun­ Overview of the East Central European gary. Area; Czechoslovakia; East Germany; Hun­ To Wallenstein, in Chapter 2, one could gary; Poland; Sorbians (Lusatians) and add: Heinrich von Srbik, W allensteins Polabians. It lists slightly over 5,000 titles Ende (Salzburg: Muller, 1952); Josef Pekar, of books and articles grouped under 3,380 Valdstejn., 1630-1634. 2d ed. (Prag: Melan­ bibliographical entries; it closes with an in­ tricha, 1933-34). 2vols.; Heinz Rieder, valuable index of 144 pages in small print. Wallenstein (Graz: Styria, 1967); Edmund Obviously, the term "basic publications" Schebek, Wallensteiniana (Prag: 1875). does not lend itself to an ironclad definition Even the shortest list on fourteenth-cen­ and cannot be translated into rigid criteria tury Bohemian painting (Item 1265 ff) which would have the authority of the Ten should not omit Max Dvorak, Die Illumi­ Commandments. The following comments natoren des johann von Neumarkt (Vienna: should, therefore, not be construed as the 1901), reprinted in his Gesammelte Aufs­ "slings and barbs of the critic" but as the iitze zur Kunstgeschichte (Miinchen: Pi­ expression of the sincere admiration which per, 1929, pages 74-207), with large bibli­ motivated me to read the book carefully ography. Other important books on Bohe­ from cover to cover three times and to mian history are: Adolf Bachmann, Ge­ spend many hours in checking catalogs and schichte Bohmens (Gotha: Perthes, 1899/ bibliographies and in discussing the selec­ 1905); Theodor Linder, Das Urkunden­ tions with various experts. wesen Karls IV (Stuttgart: Cotta, 1882); Although we ali will basically agree with Julius Lippert, Sozialgeschichte Bohmens the emphasis the bibliography gives to se­ (vVien: Tempsky, 1896-98). 2vols. An in­ lected languages, additional attention could teresting contribution to the life of Bohemi­ have been given to Italian scholarly litera­ an immigrants in America is Willa Cather's ture ( especiaily valuable for linguistics) famous novel My Antonia (Boston: Hough­ and to Spanish and Portuguese titles. J. Pe- ton :Mifflin, 1918). 46 / Recent Publications I 47

As additions to Chapter 3, one could sug­ lin: Reichsdruckerei, 1900), 4vols. gest some of the following titles: Werner To Chapter 4, one could add: Rev. Ed­ T. Angress, Stillborn Revolution: The Com­ ward J. Dworaczyk, The First Polish Colo­ munist Bid for Power in Germany (Prince­ nies of America in Texas (San Antonio: ton: Princeton University Press, 1963) ; Naylor Co., 1936); Louise Llewellyn Jarec­ Hans Apel, Spaltung. (Berlin: Voltaire Ver­ ka, Made in Poland. Living Traditions of lag, 1966). (Another title by Apel is listed the Land (New York: Knopf, 1949); Irene under 1361.) Hans Apel, Wehen und Wun­ D. Jaworska, Becoming American (New der der Zonenwirtschaft (Cologne: Kiepen­ York: Harper, 1950) ; Sister Mary Patria heuer und Witsch, 1966); Willy Brandt, Jurczynska, "A Study of the Participation The Ordeal of Coexistence (Cambridge, of the Poles in the American Civil War" Mass.: Harvard Univ. Pr., 1963); Werner (Master's thesis, Saint John College of Feld, Reunification and West German-So­ Cleveland, 1949); Sister Mary Benedicta viet Relations (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1963); Kolat, O.S.F., "Father Joseph Dabrowski, Gerald Freund, Germany Between Two The Pioneer Priest and His Significant Con­ Worlds (New York: Harcourt Brace, tribution Toward Catholic American School 1961); Peter Lust, Two Germanies (Mon­ System" (11aster's thesis, Wayne State treal: Harvest House, 1966) ; Norbert Muh­ Univ., 1950); Stefan Korbonski, Warsaw len, The Return of Germany: A Tale of in Exile, trans. by David J. Welsh (New Two Countries (Chicago: Regnery, 1953); York: Praeger, 1966); Ks. Waclaw Kruszka, Franz von Nesselrode, Germany's Other Historja Polska w Ameryce (Milwaukee: Half: A Journalist's Appraisal of East Ger­ Kuryer Publishing Co., 1937); Rom Lan­ many (London: Abelard-Schuman, 1963); dau, Ignace Paderewski Musician and Joachim Peck, Die V olkerrechtssubjektivitiit Statesman (New York: Crowell, 1934); deT Deutschen Demokratischen Republik Jerzy Jan Lerski, A Polish Chapter in Jack­ ( Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1960) ; David sonian America (Madison: Univ. of Wis­ Rodnick, Postwar Germans (New Haven: consin Pr., 1958); Ella Lonn, Foreigners Yale Univ. Pr., 1948); George Sherman, in the Confederacy (Chapel Hill: Univ. of East Germany: The June Days, 1953 (Ox­ North Carolina Pr., 1940); Ella Lonn, Fo1·­ ford: St. Antony's College, 1955); Marshall eigners in the Union Army and Navy (Bat­ D . Shulman, Beyond the Cold War (New on Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Pr., Haven: Yale Univ. Pr., 1966); Hans Speier, 1951); Clarence A. Manning, Soldier of Didded Berlin (New York: Praeger, Liberty Casimir Pulaski (New York: Philo­ 1961); Kurt P. Tudyka, ed., Das Geteilte sophical Library, 1945); Boleslaw Olsze­ Deutschland: Eine Dokumentation der wicz, Poland and the Discovery of America Meinungen (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1965); (Poznan:. Polnicza Drukarnia i Ksiegarnia George R. Urban, Scaling the Wall: Talk­ Nakladowa, 1931); Peter A. Ostafin, "The in a to Eastern Europe (Detroit: Wayne Polish Peasant in Transition: A Study of State Univ. Pr., 1964); James H. Wolfe, Group Integration as a Function of Symbi­ Indivisible Germany: Illusion or Reality osis and Common Definitions" (Ph.D. dis­ (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1963); Frieda Wun­ sertation, Univ. of Michigan, 1948); derlich, Farmer and Farm Labor in the So­ Charles Phillips, Paderewski the Story of d et Zone of Germany (New York: Twayne, a Modern Immortal (New York: Macmil­ 1958). To Item 1362, Berlin. Deutsche lan, 1934) ; Fr. Ladislas John Siekaniec, Staatsbibliothek, one could add Aus der O.F.M., "The Polish Contribution to Early ATbeit des Deutschen Staatsbibliothek American Education, 1608-1865" (Ph.D. (Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1961) ; J oris Vorsti­ dissertation, Western Reserve Univ., 1962); us, Ergebnisse und Fortschritte der Bib­ Rev. Karol W. Strzelec, The Burning Bush liographie in Deutschland (Leipzig: Har­ -Trials and Hope of the Polish People rassowitz, 1948). (Chicago: Church Publishing House, 1917); The standard book on the history of the Paul Super, Twenty-five Years with the Berlin Academy is still Adolf von Harnack, Poles (Trenton: Paul Super Memorial Geschichte der Koniglich Preussischen Aka­ Fund, Inc. 1947); Wiktor Turek, Sir Casi­ demie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (Ber- mir S. Gzowsk'i (Toronto: Polish Alliance 48 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971

Press, 1957); Frank Julian Warne, The Slav . rather than from typewritten copy. The ar­ Invasion and the Mine Workers (Philadel­ rangement is by counties, subdivided by phia: Lippincott, 1904); F. F. Wassell, towns; regional and statewide works; spe­ "Attitudes of the Various Polish-American cial collections; bibliographical references; Organizations Toward American Foreign index and map of the state's 58 counties. Policy Affecting Poland: 1939-1945" (Mas­ The endpapers reproduce the contributing ter's thesis, Columbia Univ., 1946); Joseph libraries' symbols. It represents an enor­ W. Zurawski, Poland: The Captive Satellite. mous achievement by volunteer profession­ A Study in National Psychology (Detroit: al labor, and will be greatly useful to work­ Endurance Pr., 1962). ers in California. To Chapter 6, one might add: Giese­ Yet a serious review seeks to render a brecht, Wendische Geschichten (Berlin: balanced judgement of a work. Strong as 1841-43), 3vols.; Boguslawskii, Historifa this bibliography is, it has some weaknesses serbskeho naroda (Bautzen: 1884). and limitations which must be noted. The index, which has been compiled Although Mrs. Rocq earned her place on with utmost care, has only one insignificant the title page by what must have been Am­ typing error. Wytrwal is listed under 2586 azonian labors of arranging, checking, de­ but indexed under 2585. Another small mis­ ciding, and so forth, the work is essentially print on page 67 4 of the text is 2729 in­ an uncritical 01nniurn gatherum. This is the stead of 2739. result of the method followed in compiling Many titles listed above probably had the work. Its "author" is the Northern Di­ been known to the compilers of the bibliog­ vision of the Regional Resources Coordinat­ raphy but had been rejected for various ing Committee of the California Library As­ reasons. Complete unanimity about the use­ sociation, under which functioned the fulness and quality of over 5,000 titles can­ California Local History Sub-Committee, not be reached. Therefore, I have nothing chaired by Editor Rocq. but praise for the work done by Dr. Ho­ This latter group was headquartered at recky and his colleagues. They have provid­ the California Historical Society in San ed us with an extremely useful tool.-Felix Francisco, and there held regular Saturday Reichmann, Cornell University. afternoon work sessions over a period of five years. Because the labor was voluntary, in the words of Jane Wilson, chairwoman California Local History: A Bibliography of the Regional Resources group, "It did and Union List of Library Holdings. 2d not seem feasible to redo much of the work ed., rev. and enl. Margaret Miller Rocq, that had already been done." That is to ed. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University say, the new edition is not, as its title page Press, 1970. 611p. $35.00. declares, revised, at least not substantially. Having been disenchanted by library as­ Mrs. Rocq states, "Although we exam­ ined a majority of the bibliography's titles sociations' preoccupation with housekeep­ in the Library of the California Historical ing techniques and organizational self­ Society and other San Francisco Bay Area scrutiny, it is reenchanting to note the Cali­ libraries, time and distance did not allow fornia Library Association's sponsorship of personal checking of all the items listed." this substantial reference work. This new This volunteer, regional method seems edition has been enlarged to include 17,000 to me to indicate the nature of librarians' items in some 230 libraries, as compared work in general. Their main efforts are giv­ with 5,000 items in 98 libraries. The addi­ en to collecting, arranging, and servicing tions consi.st of items published in 1949'---61, materials. Except for a few scholarly bibli­ earlier publications previously omitted, and ographers often unorthodox in their educa­ holdings of libraries contributing for the tion, they are not, nor are they required to first time. Some representative out-of-state be, familiar with the contents of books. libraries are now included. Thus, theirs might be said to be a service The format has been improved. The and not a scholarly profession. work is set in easily readable typefaces, Lacking in the preparation of this other- Recent Publications I 49

wise admirable work was an overall critical Wagner's latter residence in San Marino scholarly intelligence, individual or collec­ hardly turns his memoirs, bibliography, and tive, that would have examined each of the obsequies into local history of that commu­ 17,000 items for its value as local history. nity. Is that asking too much? Have not the :Another odd listing is item 4235, located greatest bibliographical works always in­ for some reason at only the California His­ volved such in-depth intelligence and la­ torical Society. This is Marianne Moore's bor? Idiosyncrasy and Technique, which inaugu­ The absence of such learning and the rated the Ewing Lectures in Literature at seemingly blind dependence on contribut­ UCLA. I heard that lecture given and have ing libraries for what they regarded as local read it in print. It is oot local history of Los history, resulted in some curious instances. Angeles or of anywhere. . . I have chosen only a few from areas with It would seem that this unfamiliarity which I am familiar. I have no doubt that with both the geography and bibliography scrutiny of the entire work would yield of Southern California is attributable to the more examples .. Mine are offered as token fa~t that the majority of the sponsoring warnings that. the work should not be tak­ committee and the editor are from Central en as a bible of California local history. It California. It would have been helpful if must be used with constant critical caution. they had enlisted a balanced statewide For example, item 8152, reported held board of scholarly critics, inside and outside only by the University of Santa Clara Li­ the library field, to review copy before brary, would. appear to be a hitherto unre­ printing. This might have made a good corded 371-page work by Mary Austin. It work a great work. In all bibliographical is actually a collection of contemporary ac­ work, there is only one standard: that of ex­ counts of the San Francisco earthquake of cellence. 1906, edited by ·David Starr Jordan, in Twenty years ago I regretted the omis­ which Mrs. Austin's account is only one. sion of. poetry and fiction, a decision that Under Los Angeles County, Santa Moni­ left out two of California's greatest locale ca, item 4876, ten libraries are reported writers-Jeffers and Steinbeck. Steinbeck's holding John Russell McCarthy's These nonfiction local writings are also absent Waiting Hills, the Santa Monicas, 1925. from this new edition. Some of them are Anyone familiar with the geography of the foundations of some of his finest fiction: Southern California knows that the Santa Their Blood Is Strong, the pamphlet of col­ Monica Mountains are not in Santa Monica, lected newspaper articles about the migra­ nor have they any connection with the tory workers that became In Dubious Bat­ beach community, other than the shared tle and The Grapes of Wrath; ,and The Log name. F,rom the Sea of Cortez, which contains Another example of knowledge no deeper «About Ed Ricketts," a profile which is also than the title page is the listing under Re­ inspired .local history of Monterey's Can­ gional Works, Southern California, of item nery Row. The Grapes of Wrath provoked 16364, Frederic Hastings Rindge's Happy a barrage of counterliterature, only a single Days in Southern California, 1898. The item of which is included. Some critical book's value as a general work is nil. Its im­ works about creative writers are included, portance comes from the fact that it is al­ but here again the choice seems capricious. most wholly about the Rancho Topanga Absent is Harry T. Moore's The Novels of Malibu Sequit, the romantic Malibu Ranch, John Steinbeck, a First Study, 1939, which of which Rindge was an early owner. Nei­ contains a map of the Steinbeck country. ther Rindge's nor W. W. Robinson's au­ The committee and editor of California thoritative history, The 'ft.1alibu, 1958, ap­ Local History may regard my criticism as pears in the work's Index under Malibu. qaviling. Let me assure them that it is hope­ I find it curious to list Upton Sinclair's tully intended not for them, but rather for 1934 campaign and Epic books and tracts the compilers of the third, revised, and en­ under Pasadena because he was living there larged edition of 1990.-Lawrence Clark when he wrote them. Likewise Henry R. Powell, Dean Emeritus, Graduate School 50 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 of Library Service, University of California, ination of other things which may be hn­ Los Angeles. portant, if unexciting. The issues of the sixties discussed here were significant-federal aid, censorship, Library Issues: The Sixties. Eric Moon manpower, and all that. I submit only that and Karl Nyren, eds. New York: R. R. other things were in the air also-including Bowker, 1970. 400p. $12.50. the growth of library systems, the decline of juvenile reading, and substantial innova­ Eric Moon and Karl Nyren have assem­ tions in building design. bled well over 200 articles, editorials, and reports which appeared originally in Li­ The prose is lively, the opinions provoca­ brary Journal between 1960 and 1970. All tive, and the point of view leftish. But lhe of the items were authored by LJ staff anthology is only a sketch, possibly a car­ members. The selection understandably re­ icature of what librarianship is really all flects the tastes and the judgments of Moon about, not only in the sixties, but all the and his associates, who have consistently time. espoused social involvement by librarians. Lib1·ary Issues: The Sixties is good fun, Their sense of mission and their sympa­ but I do not know what to do with it now thies for the human side of librarianship im­ that I've read it. I suspect that the editors part a special flavor to their style and in­ looked upon it as a kind of Our Times jour­ evitably to the things they choose to write nalistic review, to be leafed through once about. Four articles appear under the head­ and laid carefully away with our other trin­ ing "Data Processing, Automation, Informa­ kets and memorabilia. One would hardly tion Science," twenty under "Book Selec­ find a reason to return to it, except perhaps tion," and sixteen under "Discrimination." to enjoy the sprightly but really rather gen­ Clearly, the mechanics of library manage­ tle iconoclasm.-Ervin ]. Gaines, Minne­ ment do not stimulate Mr. Moon and his apolis Public Library. associates to creative effort, except possibly when opportunities for mockery arise. The Economics of Book Storage in Col­ Computers and L] don't fit quite com­ lege and University Libraries. By Ralph fortably into the same space. "Cataloging E. Ellsworth. Metuchen, N.J.: Associa­ and Classification" are of the same ilk as tion of College and Research Libraries computers and rate only two brief notices, and The Scarecrow Press, 1969. 135p. one of which by Moon commences with the $4.00. confession that "we find it difficult to get very passionate or excited about cataloging Most academic libraries find themselves theory." I suppose that it is equally difficult caught in a three-way squeeze brought to get passionate about Newton's law of about by rapidly increasing book collec­ gravitation or Einstein's theory of relativity. tions, escalating prices of libra1y construc­ Moon, Nyren, Beny, Geller, and all those tion, and faculty demands for immediate other wonderful L] people who keep kick­ access to "their" books. Librarians will not ing the straw out of our stuffed shirts are be greatly surprised to learn that Ellsworth really incurable romantics. They believe has discovered no universal solution to that libraries are for people and that the these problems. He has presented a sum­ fewer economic advantages citizens have, mary description of twelve systems for stor­ the more libraries can do for them. The ing books in academic libraries, analyzed predisposition to support the underdog the cost factors for each of the systems, and tends to draw these authors toward politics suggested a procedure for determining costs and leads them to look at libraries continu­ in a specific university. You pays your mon­ ally as social instrumentalities. I point this ey and you takes your choice. But ~r em are out not in a spirit of disagreement, but not likely to be entirely happy with any rather to emphasize that the articles in this system. anthology display a special bias which leads With a grant from the Educational Fa­ to a systematic exclusion of serious exam- cilities Laboratory and the blessings of the Recent Publications I 51

Association of Research Libraries, Ellsworth will do. If no direct access but rapid me­ set out to answer two questions: Is it eco­ chanical retrieval is tolerable, one of the nomical to select little-used books from the versions of Randtriever will provide a noble regular book stacks and store them else­ experiment. where? Is the cost factor the only one a uni­ If Ellsworth has given us more questions versity need consider in adopting a storage than answers, this regrettably is the nature program, and how is cost related to other of the problem. He has,. at least, asked the factors? The answers are yes, but not as questions that may discourage hasty deci­ much as you might guess; and no, but the sions. In a library that installed an early relation depends on local circumstances. version of Shelco we would be grateful had The total cost of storing 500,000 volumes these questions been considered previously. is estimated to range from $1.44 per vol­ It has become obligatory to close a re­ ume (expanding an existing book stack) to view with a comment on the typographic $1.135 (Yale system; arranging books by crudities of Scarecrow Press books. What size with minimal aisle space) to $1.695 do you want, economical book production ( Randtriever). Total costs include esti­ or good taste? Perhaps some happy day we mates for selecting books and changing rec­ can have both.-]oe W. Kraus, Illinois ords, transferring books to storage, land State University. costs, and shelving. One could quarrel with Ellsworth's unit costs, but they are applied consistently. Alternative Press Index. Quarterly. North­ Using manufacturers' statistics, Ellsworth field, Minn. : The Radical Research Cen­ finds a great range in space efficiency ter, Carleton College, July/Dec. 1969 among the twelve systems, from 15 volumes (v.1, nos. 1-2), Jan./Mar. 1970 (v.2, no. per square foot in conventional shelving to 1). $30 per year to institutions; $10 per 147 in the Randtriever. The cost per vol­ year to individuals. ume (excluding recordkeeping, selecting, moving, and land costs this time) ranges Dissident and offbeat journals are poorly from $1.42 per volume for the Randtriever served by existing periodical indexes. This adapted to standard book stacks to $.49 for fact is used by some librarians to excuse the Yale system. Lee Ash reported a cost their refusal to subscribe to controversial of $.42 in Yale's Selective Book Retirement or unusual periodicals: .. If such-and-such Pmgram; the discrepancy is not explained. a magazine isn't indexed, how can our pa­ In any event, the Yale system also comes trons retrieve the information in it?" The out well in space efficiency with 64 volumes Radical Research Center is making a praise­ per square foot. One might conclude at this worthy effort to provide indexing for at point that the merits of sliding shelves, least some of the many journals in the boxes that zip to and fro, and motor-pro­ range from center through left. Indexing pelled ranges are illusory. is carried out by volunteers throughout the Here one must study the descriptions of country. Entries are sent to the Center and the systems and the application to the keypunched, and the Index is printed out needs of a specific university in Chapters by computer. The second issue contains 150 4 and 5 to decide how much inconvenience columns of enb·ies in 50 pages. members of the faculty will tolerate before Seventy-two periodicals are analyzed. thev revolt. Whether librarians like it or Some of the types covered are: under­ not: this factor is more important than ground (Fifth Estate), religious pacifist/ so­ space or cost data. If direct access is essen­ cialist (Catholic Worker), old-style liberal tial, the only practical solution appears to (Prog1·essive ), antiestablishment intellectual be conventional shelving with reduced aisle (N.Y. Review of Books), contemplative lib­ space, and possibly an additional shelf at eral intellectual (Center Magazine), utopian the top. If limited access is acceptable, the (Modern Utopian), Marxist (International Yale system, sliding ranges ( Compactus, Socialist, Monthly Review), nonviolent Elecompack, Fullspace) or moving shelves (Peace News), New Left (Old Mole, pub­ ( Conserv-a-file, Shelco, or Ames Stor-M or) lished by an SDS chapter), educational re- 52 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 form (This Magazine Is about Schools), and FORGERY" and "FORGERY see also GI antiwar (Veterans' Stars & Stripes fo1' COUNTERFEITING," with no articles un­ Peace). Four of the journals are Canadian, der either heading. Much-but not all-of one is British. No American Indian, Chica­ this vast baggage of unused or useless head­ no, libertarian, anarchist, women's libera­ ings was dropped in the second issue. De­ tion, or gay liberation publications are rep­ spite the many (and often useless) cross­ resented. Because 72 periodicals are but a references, they are sometimes lacking small fraction of the English-language al­ when they are needed: there is one article ternative press, it is probably unwise of the under DETECTIVES, but no reference to Index to include journals covered by other or from POLICE. indexing tools (Ramparts, indexed in Read­ Occasionally the subject headings reflect ers' Guide), or even those which have their modern jargon and "vogue" words, as own indexes (I. F. Stone's Bi-Weekly). in "MIND-BLOWING see CONSCIOUS­ Each two-line entry gives such standard NESS EXPANSION" and "NEGROES see information as author, title, periodical, BLACK." Sometimes they are imprecise, page, and date. The only approach is by as in "NAZISM see FASCISM." Another subject, each entry being placed under one point about language may be mentioned (or more) of some 2,000 subject headings. here: some segments of the alternative Because there are no author entries, arti­ press use four-letter words, and when these cles by Dave Dellinger, Jerry Rubin, Tom words appear in an article's title, the Index Hayden, Paul. Goodman, Ho Chi Minh, naturally reproduces them. Sensitive librari­ Staughton Lynd, and Bobby Seale can be ans may find reassurance in the all-capitals found only by stumbling over them. There font of the computer printout: it has a cer­ are headings for some persons as subjects tain sterilizing effect, and, besides, the print (e.g., Abby and Julius Hoffman, Fidel Cas­ is quite small. tro, and Spiro T. Agnew). There are also Under every heading except BOOK RE­ some-but not enough-for organizations, VIEWS, the computer lists articles by date. such as SDS and FBI. (There is no heading This is usually no inconvenience, but it is for AI Fatah, although articles on it can be a distinct nuisance under POETRY (where found-by chance-under other headings.) arrangement by poet would be preferable) References to articles on the same subject and under headings devoted to reviews of are sometimes scattered under different Rims, plays, musical productions, and the headings, with no cross-references to tie like. (Book reviews are listed alphabetical­ them together. ("Infighting Within Ind. ly by the surname of the book's author.) Ruling Circle" appears under INDIA, but Because of limitations imposed by the an article entitled "India" appears under computer, titles of some articles are abrupt­ THIRD WORLD, and there are no refer­ ly truncated or severely compressed. Some­ ences from one heading to the other. ) In times it is easy to make a plausible recon­ the future, most of the indexing will be done struction: "Bribery Uncovered in [Fort] at the Center by a trained librarian, instead Dix C[our ]t Marti[al]"; "Mother Says of by well-meaning but unskilled volun­ Lib[eral] Abort[ion] Laws Don[']t Wor[ry teers, so there should be fewer inconsisten­ Her]." Sometimes it is hard: "What Mae­ cies. dia [sic] Didn[']t Tell About Pant[her] In the first issue, the full thesaurus of R[aid? Rap?]." And sometimes it is im­ about 2,000 subject headings was printed, possible: "Rat Subterranean News Reports even though more than half of the head­ on [what?]." ings had no articles listed ( 17 percent were Despite its flaws, the Index is useful. As "see" references, and another 39 percent the only work in its field, it is indispensable were simply "empty"). Many of the "see" to libraries that carry the periodicals it in­ references lead to empty headings: "DRUG­ dexes. A number of improvements were GISTS see PHARMACISTS" but there are made in the second issue, and more are no articles under PHARMACISTS. Many planned: tightening up the subject head­ of the "see also" references were also blind ings, bringing greater uniformity to the in­ alleys: "COUNTERFEITING see also dexing, and covering more periodicals. Recent Publications I 53

Librarians and library schools, who have orado A.&M. College Library Bullet·in, no. done nothing to · meet the pressing need for 22, 1951. There has been a great deal pub­ indexes to . other than middle-of-the-road · lished in the literature about the problems periodicals, should be chagrined that one of incomplete citations in interlibrary loan such index was finally started, on a shoe­ requests, starting from the 1890s through string, by persons who knew little of com­ Constance M. Winchell's landmark book puters or librarianship, but who saw what Locating Books for Interlibrary Loan was needed and worked to supply it­ (N.Y.: H. W. Wilson, 1930) and up to cur­ Theodore ]urgen Spahn, University . of rent articles. Michigan. Dr. Thomson seems to have read all of these, including many more on related top­ ics, and as a result, designed her survey to Interlibrary Loan Involving Academic Li­ use not just statistics and questionnaires but braries. By Sarah Katherine Thomson. also to study over 5,000 actual interlibrary Chicago: American Library Association, loan requests received and answered in one 1970. (ACRL Monograph no. 32.) 127p. year by a sample of eight major university $5.00. lending libraries. These eight libraries were randomly chosen from the thirty-two uni­ This ACRL Monograph is a summary of versity libraries reported by the U.S. Office the author's 1967. Columbia University doc­ of Education as lending the highest number toral dissertation, General Interlibrary Loan of volumes in 1963/ 64. From them were Services in Major .Academic Libraries in the procured the actual interlibrary loan re­ United States (available as University quest forms (totalling over 60,000) re­ Microfilms dissertation no. 69-8558). This ceived during a one-year period ( 1963/ 64 published work .should not be confused or 1964/ 65) and approximating 15 percent however with Dr. Thomson's other 1970 of the total number of interlibrary loans re­ publication, Interlibrary Loan Procedure quests to academic libraries. Out of this to­ Manual, issued by the Interlibrary Loan tal mass of request forms a sample of 5,895 Committee, Reference Services Division, requests was drawn for intensive analysis. American Library Association. The Inter­ It represented requests from 1,123 different library Loan Committee was influenced in borrowing libraries of all types and sizes, endorsing certain procedures in the Man­ with the majority being academic libraries. ual, as it was in its 1968 revision of the Na­ From her resulting analysis, correlations, tional Interlibrary Loan Code, by the find­ and recommendations, Dr. Thomson has ings and recommendations in her doctoral produced the first major factual study of dissertation. But the two ALA publications academic interlibrary lending. She enlarged are distinct ~nd different, though dealing the scope from only the eight contributing with the same general problems ·of interli­ libraries by incorporating answers from a brary loans. detailed, specific questionnaire returned by There have been various attempts 59 major academic lending libraries and a through. nearly one hundred years of offi­ smaller questionnaire answered by 321 bor­ rowing libraries, of various types and sizes, cially recognized interlibrary loans in the chosen from the 1,123 borrowing libraries United States to obtain a realistic picture in the 5,895 requests studied. of the quantity; pervading policies, and The author has used her raw data thor­ problems of interlibrary loans. Some overall oughly, combining, realigning, and search­ views have emerged from survey question­ ing it to find tenable, useful data that are naires issued separately or as part of a larg­ not only statistically sound but are also a er survey, such as the U.S. Office of Educa­ true picture of the interlibrary lending in tion's Library Statistics of Colleges and large academic libraries. Universities. Studies have been attempted This ACRL Monograph does not give all of the costs of interlibrary loans, especially the statistical tests, tables, charts, or ap­ costs to the lending library, as was James pendices found in her doctoral dissertation. Hodgson's 1950 survey reported in the Col- But it tells concisely and clearly her find- l 54 I College & Research Libraries· January 1971

! ings and conclusions, with enough tables tory from the beginnings to the Soviet Rev­ to reveal her evidence. After an introduc­ olution. Crowther gives 2,081 entries in the tion and general chapter on interlibrary dis­ body of his book along with an appendix tribution, the material is arranged by spe­ of 83 items which appeared during the time cific problem areas: the readers who re­ the book was at press. quest interlibrary loans; staffing or interli­ The conception and execution of this brary loan services; photocopies in lieu of work are generally excellent, but a few loans; restrictive lending policies; language, problems crop up. One wonders, for exam­ country, and publication dates of requests; ple, why the compiler chose a modified bibliographic citations, their accuracy and form of the Library of Congress system of verification; locating of items wanted; suc­ transliteration rather than using that sys­ cess of interlibrary loan requests; and the tem without modification. Perhaps only a increasing volume of interlibrary loans. The pedant would insist on this point, but on fifteen appendices include several tables as the other hand a bibliography should have well as copies of the questionnaires and list­ almost pedantic accuracy. The thorough­ ings of the cooperating libraries. It closes ness with which Mr. Crowther has done his with a three-page selective bibliography. work is also commendable; this reviewer Any library that borrows via interlibrary was able to find virtually no significant loan from academic libraries will find Chap­ omissions. Two borderline cases are articles ter 14 extremely useful, "Increasing . the by Soviet scholars on historiography: Alek­ Proportion of Interlibrary Loan Requests sandr E. Presniakov, "Historical Research Filled." It also has excellent recommenda­ in Russia during the Revolutionary Crisis," tions of procedure fo r the academic lending American Historical Review, for which libraries. The other chapter of particular (January 1923); and Boris D. Grekov and usefulness to the practicing interlibrary loan Evgenii V. Tarle, "Soviet Historical Re­ librarian is Chapter 5 on photocopy substi­ search," Science and Society 7:217-32 tution. (Summer 1943). There is one less account­ This publication in no way replaces Dr. able omission: the regular bibliographical Thomson's Interlibrary Loan Procedure section, "Other Recent Publications" in the Man-ual, which should be owned and an­ American Historical Review, for which notated by every interlibrary loan unit in Robert V. Allen of the Library of Congress the country, but it gives forceful data for edits the section on the Soviet Union. On the necessity of some of the recommended the other hand, Basic Russian Publications, procedures in that Manual. To read this edited by Paul L. Horecky (Chicago: Uni­ ACRL Monograph takes concentration and versity of Chicago Press, 1962) is men­ study, but it is well worth the time spent. tioned in the introduction although not Jist­ -~tf. ,rs. Margaret D . Uridge, University of ed in the body of the book. A few entries C alifomia, Berkeley. appear unnecessarily exotic, e.g., no. 1969, John Frampton, A Discovery of the C oun­ tries of Tataria, Scithia and Cataya (Lon­ A Bibliography of Works in English on don: 1580) of which Crowther says, "The Early Russian History to 1800. Peter A. only known copy extant is kept in the Lam­ Crowther, comp. New York: Barnes and beth Palace Library." Noble, 1969. 236p. $9.50. The compilation of bibliographies is a tedious, thankless business in which per­ In compiling this bibliography, Peter A. fection is always to be sought and virtually Crowther has perfom1ed a valuable service never to be achieved. Mr. Crowther has for historians and for librarians wishing to done praiseworthy service by producing a build basic collections on Russian history. comprehensive work which has surprisingly His work and David ~ 1. Shapiro's, A Select few omissions or typographical errors. How­ Bibliography of W arks in English on Rus­ ever, the next logical step would be a com­ sian History, 1801-1917 (Oxford: Basil bination of Crowther's and Shapiro's bibli­ Blackwell, 1962) now provide a survey of ographies, updated, and made perhaps a English-language materials on Russian his- little more selective, covering the entire Recent Publications I 55 span of Russian history.-]ames Cobb percent of band instruments)." Others are Mills, Jr., Utica CoUege of Syracuse Univer­ too brief to be meaningful as "Pullman sity. (Ill.) The City of Brick (part of Chicago) ." On the other hand about five times as many Nicknames and Sobr·iquets of U.S. Cities cities are included as in Shankle, and many and States. 2d ed. By Joseph Nathan more nicknames are given for most cities Kane and Gerald L. Alexander. Metuch­ and states. However, many of the nick­ en, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press, 1970. names included seem more like contrived 456p. $10.00. publicity slogans than familiar epithets nat­ urally ascribed. What's in a name? Would a rose by any The book is printed by offset press in a nickname really smell as sweet? Apparently clear, legible, although unattractive, type. Americans think so because you name it A few typographical errors and omissions and we have a nickname for it. If there is escaped the proofreaders, but in general, a city without a nickname, the public re­ editing seems to have been carefully done. lations agent will quickly devise one for it. It is to be hoped that the authors have When Joseph Nathan Kane in 1938 pub­ preserved their sources and their notes on lished the first edition of his now famous the origins and the use of the nicknames in­ fact book, he included in it a few nick-· cluded so that a future edition can be a full, names of cities. In 1951 the Special Li­ scholarly contribution to work on American braries Association published Nicknames of names.-Paul H. Spence, College of Gen­ American Cities, Towns, and Villages (Past eral Studies Library, University of Ala­ and Present), compiled by Gerald L. Alex­ bama, Birmingham. ander. The friendship of these two men re­ sulted in a joint effort published in 1965. rndex to American Little Magazines 1920- Five years of additional research has pro­ 1939. Stephen H. Goode, comp. Troy, duced an expanded second edition includ­ N.Y.: \Vhitston Publishing Co., 1969. ing many additions and corrections. 346p. $12.50. The book is arranged alphabetically by states and subdivided by cities; under the If we accept the maxim that half a loaf name of each city are listed all known nick­ is better than none, it follows, perhaps, that names, sobriquets, and even publicity slo­ a partial index such as Stephen Goode's In­ gans which have been applied to that city. dex to American Little Magazines 1920- Following this is an alphabetical nickname 1939 is better than no index at all. This is, index. There is a similar arrangement for as Mr. Goode indicates, an index of a "se­ the fifty states. Separating the city and state lected list" of thirty-three little magazines. listings and given in alphabetical sequence What Mr. Goode fails to indicate, and it is are the All-American Cities so designated a significant failing, is the basis for his se­ since 1949 by the National Municipal lection. One is always grateful for an index League and Look magazine. It is explained to any previously unindexed material how­ that the use of this sobriquet is authorized ever meager it may be; yet that gratitude only for use one year following the presen­ cannot help but be tempered by a disap­ tation of the award. pointment that a less arbitrary selection of The compilation should prove useful as magazines to be indexed would have been a ready reference tool. Unfortunately, it is enormously more interesting and valuable. not a scholarly work such as Shankle's The period 1920-1939 was unquestion­ American Nicknames (H. W. Wilson, ably, in Mr. Goode's words, part of "the 1955). No som·ces are given. It would be golden age of little magazines." It is the age interesting to learn the source of •'The of The Little Review at its height, This Friendly City" and "The City of Friendly Quarter, Laughing Horse, Dynamo, Th e People" as sobriquets for New York. Occa­ Measure, Chicago Literary Times, The sional parenthetical explanations of the Transatlantic Review, American Spectator, nicknames are included, such as "Elkhart Direction, The Booster, S 4 N, the begin­ (Ind. ) The Band City (produces over 60 ning of Furioso, and many more. Yet of 56 I College & Research Libraries • january 1971 these which I have mentioned not one is in zines published and edited by Americans the Index of American Little Magazines but from abroad-of the: thirty-three in­ 1920-1939, whereas several which are quite dexed, while it is the very internationalism obscure and minor by any standard are of the little magazines of the 1920s and present. The absence of S 4 N is particular­ 1930s which most distinguishes them as ly puzzling. The Modern Review which had they pointed the way to precisely that a brief but important career as a quarterly which was new in the American literary ex­ from Autumn 1922 to July 1924 is indexed perience. in this volume. But S 4 N, founded in 1919, There are some puzzling· aspects to the and one of the most brilliant of all Ameri­ treatment of some of the little magazines can little magazines (which was combined included in the index. Having included, for in August of 1926 with the Modern Review example, the relatively unimportant and and which because of the similarity of taste short-lived Rhythmus, January ·1923-May/ and interests became the ModernS 4 N Re­ June 1924, why not also include Parnassus view) is not indexed. Broom is another which superseded it at its suspension? Bo­ sb·ange omission, particularly because Se­ zart and Contemporary Verse are indexed cession is among those indexed. In the his­ as one magazine, but nowhere is there an tory of little magazines, Broom, November indication that for a long time they were 1921 to January 1924, and Secession, separate periodicals, nor that ]apm and spring 1922 to April 1924, are constantly The Oracle, in the same class of minor po­ paired and cited as typical and similar ex­ etry magazines, had previously been ab- amples of experimental magazines. But the sorbed by it. · most surprising omission from the little In Mr. Goode's handling of the Fugitive magazines of the period is that of Transi­ there is a questionable point which is again tion-a title which is practically synony­ a matter of omission. In a footnote to the mous with the avant-garde of the late twen­ "List of Abbreviations and Magazines ties and most of the thirties, and which is Cited," Mr. Goode comments without ex­ a landmark in little magazine history. The planation that "Pseudonyms in early Fugi­ existence of the "Transition Bibliography" tive issues are not entered;" It is difficult to for nos. 1-22 in number 22, February 1933, understand why not. The:: pseudonyms in may have influenced Mr. Goode's decision the early issues of the Fugitive were aptly not to include it, but that still leaves the chosen descriptions of the men who used years unindexed from 1933 to 1938 when them, the fame of the magazine rests on the the magazine ceased. importance to American letters of .the small It may be invidious to dwell at such and homogeneous group of men who length on what the Index to American Lit­ founded and wrote for it, ·and the pseudo­ tle Magazines 1920-1939 does not do; how­ nyms are fully identified in Allen Tate's ever, it is difficult in this case to avoid such sketch of the magazine, "The Fugitive-- comment. If Mr. Goode's preface of four 1922-25," published in the April 1942 brief paragraphs had been expanded just Princeton University Library Chronicle. enough to explain the criteria for his selec­ The principles behind the subject head­ tion, such criticism might not be necessary. ings of the Index to American Little M aga­ Although we are grateful, as I have said, zines 1920-1939 need some clarification. for an index to these thirty-three little mag­ The entries under "Little Magazines" are azines, the periodicals chosen are hardly representative of one of the most important examples. There is a general heading of periods in American little magazine history. "Little Magazines" with four articles in­ Aside from the interest in specific maga­ dexed, but there is also a ·list of headings zines and the cultural movements of which for specific magazines_:__e.g., "Little Maga­ they were a part, what we miss by their zines-[The Dialt-each with one or more omission is an index to much of the intel­ articles on that magazine. indexed. There lectual preoccupations and achievements of is, however, no subject en.try for The Dial the time. Exile and Secession, for example, or for any of the other titles-an awkward are the only "exile magazines"-i.e., maga- arrangement. And, finally, there are no Recent Publications I 57 cross-indexes in this volume, a disadvantage 1970. 322p. $16.50 (77-113749). (ISBN in any index.-]. M. Edelstein, University 0-444-10032-6) . of California, Los Angeles. British Books in Print: Author Index. Vol. I. London: Whitaker & Sons, 1970. 1493p. $27.60 for 2-volume set. (ISBN BOOKS RECEIVED ·85021-038-0). NoTE: The titles listed represent books re­ British Books in Print 1970: Title Index. ceived at the editorial office that may be of Vol. II. London: Whitaker & Sons interest to academic librarians. 1970. 1950p. (ISBN 85021-038-0). ' Abrams, M. E., ed. Medical Computing: Canadian Locations of Journals Indexed in Progress and Problems. New York: Index Medicus. Prepared by the Health American Elsevier Publishing, 1970. Sciences Resource Centre of the Na­ 396p. $13.00. (74-112447). (ISBN 444- tional Science Library. Ottawa: National 19679-X). Research Council, 1970. 173p. $5.00. Adams, A. John and Burke, Joan Martin. Clark, Mary Virginia, camp. Medical Ref­ Civil Rights: A Cun·ent Guide to the erence Works, 1679-1966: A Selected People, Organizations, and Events. New Bibliography. Supplement I. Chicago: York and London: R. R. Bowker, 1970. Medical Library Association, 1970. 46p. 194p. $9.95. (70-126010). (ISBN 0- $3.75. ( 67-30664). 8352-0405-7) . De Lerma, Dominique-Rene. Black Music in Altmann, Berthold. HDL-TR-1523: The Our Culture: Curricular Ideas on the HDL Automated Information System. Subjects, Materials and Problems. Kent, Washington: Harry Diamond Labora­ Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1970. tories, 1970. 122p. 263p. $7.50. (70-131429). (ISBN 0- 87338-110-6). American Art Directory, vol. 44. Compiled by the Jaques Cattell Press. New York: Evans, Judith L. Children in Africa: A R. R. Bowker, 1970. 368p. $25.50. (99- Review of Psychological Research. New 1016). (ISBN 0-8352-0282-8). York: Teachers College Press, 1970. 115p. $3.95. (71-113095). Annan, Gertrude L. and Felter, Jacqueline W., eds. Handbook of Medical Library Flores, Ivan. Data Structure and Manage­ Practice. 3d ed. Chicago: Medical Li­ ment. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice­ brary Association, 1970. 411p. $15.00. Hall, 1970. 390p. $13.95. (73-125290). (70-103541. Faxon, David F. Thoughts on the History Barnetson, Paul. Critical Path Planning: and Future of Bibliographical Descrip­ Present and Future Techniques. Prince­ tion. Los Angeles: U.C.L.A., 1970. 31p. ton: Brandon/Systems Press, 1970. 102p. Furet, Francois, ed. Livre et societe dans $7.50. la France du XVIII siecle. II. Paris: Bhattacharyya, G. Cataloguing Research Mouton, 1970. 228p. 38 Francs. (67- in India. India: Bangalore Press, 1969. 112747). 85p. Garde, P. K. The United Nat ions F am.ily Boice, Eugene T., et al. The Medical Li­ of Libraries. New York: Asia Publishing brary Center of New York: A Cost House, 1970. 252p. $5.50. (ISBN 0- Study. New York: New York Metropol­ 210-22282-4). itan Reference and Research Library Haight, Anne Lyon. Banned Books: Infor­ Agency, 1970. 65p. No charge-available mal Notes on Some Books Banned for on a very limited basis. Various Reasons at Various Times and Brandt, Siegmund. Statistical and Compu­ in Various Places. 3d ed. New York: tational Methods in Data Analysis. New R. R. Bowker, 1970. 166p. $7 .95. (54- York: American Elsevier Publishing, 11650). (ISBN 0-8352-0204-6). 58 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971

Hargrove, Thomas L. and Stirling, Keith brary Reporter no. 16. Chicago: Amer­ H. California State Library: Processing ican Library Association, 1970. 60p. Center Design and Specifications, Vol. $1.75. (77-137361). (ISBN 0-83g9- V, Cost Analysis. Berkeley: Institute of 3117-0). Library Research, 1970. 101p. Peguy, Charles. The Portico of the Mys­ Hedrick, Basil C. and Anne K. Historical tery of the Second Virtue. Translated Dictionary of Panama. Metuchen, N.J.: by Dorothy Brown Aspinwall. Metuch­ Scarecrow Press, 1970. 105p. (ISBN 0- en, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1970. 158p. 8108-0347-X). $5.00. (ISBN 0-8108-0317-8). Jacobson, Myrtle S. Night and Day: The Perrine, Richard H. Library Space Survey Interaction Between an Academic I nsti­ of Texas Colleges and Universities. tution and Its Evening College. Metuch­ Houston: Coordinating Board Texas en, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1970. 358p. College and University System, 1970. $10.00. (ISBN 0-8108-0324-0). 60p. Johnson, Robert Owen. An Index to Lit­ Peterson, Kenneth G. The University of erature in The New Yorker: Volumes California Library at Berkeley 1900- XVI-XXX, 1940-1955. Metuchen, N.J.: 1945. Berkeley: University of California Scarecrow Press, 1970. 477p. $10.00. Press, 1970. 205p. $6.00. (71-629639). (ISBN 0-8108-0314-3). (ISBN: 0-520-09211-2). Kipp, Niichael F. Interloan Activity in C e n~ Prostano, Emanuel T. School Media Pro­ tral New York: Analysis of a Sample. grams Case Studies in Management. Me­ Canastota, New York: Central New tuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1970. York Reference & Resources Council, 200p. $5.00. (ISBN 0-8108-0363-1). 1970. 21p. Prpic, George J. A Century of World Com­ Lange, Charles H. and Riley, Carroll L., munism: A Selective Chronological Out­ eds. The Southwestern Journals of line. Woodbury, New York: Barron's Adolph F. Bandelier 1883-1884. Albu~ Educational Series, 1970. 304p. $3.95. querque: University of New Mexico (71-75835). Press, 1970. 528p. $20.00. ( 65-17862). Ranganathan, S. R. Colon Classification Literary and Library Prizes. 7th ed. Re­ Edition 7 (1971): A Preview. India: vised and enlarged by Olga S. Weber. Bangalore Press, 1969. 52p. New York and London: R. R. Bowker, 1970. 413p. $10.95. (59-11370). (ISBN Ranganathan, S. R. and Bhattacharyya, G. 0-8352-0399-9) . Conflict of Authorship: Corporate Body McDaniel, Herman. Decision Table Soft­ vs Corporate Body. India: Ban galore ware: A Handbook. Princeton: Brandon/ Press, 1970. 64p. Systems Press, 1970. 84p. $7.50. (78- Recent Research in Reading: A Bibliogra­ 101001). (ISBN 87769-024-3). phy 1966-1969. Foreword by James L. McDaniel, Herman, ed. Applications of De­ Laffey. New York: CCM Information cision Tables: A Reader. Princeton: Corp., 1970. 300p. $14.95. (72-135197). Brandon/ Systems Press, 1970. 226p. (ISBN 8409-0275-1). $9.95. (71-100998). (ISBN 87769-022- Roslansky, John D., ed. Creativity: A Dis­ 7). cussion at the Nobel Conference. Am­ National Union Catalog 1956 through sterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 1967, Vol. 1, Totowa, N.J.: Library Di­ 1970. 90p. $7.50. (74-134641). (ISBN vision of Littlefield, Adams & Co., 1970. 0-7204-4077-7) . 606p. $15.75. (76-141020). Salem, James M., ed. The Teacher as Nyren, Dorothy, comp. and ed. Communi­ Writer: Paul T. Nolan, Example. Me­ ty Service: Innovations in Outreach at tuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1970. the Brooklyn Public Library. Public Li- 242p. $5.00. (ISBN 0-8108-0318-6). Abstracts I 59

Slavens, Thomas P., ed. Reference Inter­ Orange, California: Polaris Publications, views and Questions. Ann Arbor: Cam­ 1970. 136p. pus Publishers, 1970. 47p. Thompson, William B. and Ridge, J. D. Special Libraries and Information Centres Catalogue of the National Collection of in Canada: A Directory 1970 Revision. Greek and Latin School Text-Books Compiled by Beryl L. Anderson. Otta­ (1800 onwards). Leeds: Institute of Ed­ wa: Canadian Library Association, 1970. ucation, 1970. 119p. 168p. $7.50. (ISBN 0-88802-030-9). Tunstall, Jeremy, ed. Media Sociology: A Spillner, Paul. World Guide to Abbrevia­ Reader. Urbana: University of Illinois tions Part 1, A-H. Munchen-Pullach: Press, 1970. 574p. $12.50. (77-125598). Verlag Dokumentation, 1970. 527p. $33.- Ward, Martha E. and Marquardt, Dorothy 00 per 2-volume set. (ISBN 3-7940- A. Illustrators of Books for Young Peo­ 1098-1). ple. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, Stanford, Edward B. Minitex (Minnesota 1970. 166p. $5.00. (ISBN 0-8108-0329- Interlibrary Teletype Experiment). Min­ 1). neapolis: University of Minnesota Li­ Williams, Ethel L. Biographical Directory braries, 1970. 40p. of Negro Ministers. 2d ed. Metuchen, Strain, Robert E. The Relevant Professor: N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1970. 605p. Adventures of an Academic Rebel. (ISBN 0-8108-0328-3).

ABSTRACTS

The following abstracts are based on those prepared by the Clearinghouse for Library and Information Sciences of the Educational Resources Infor­ mation Center (ERIC/CLIS), American Society for Information Science, 1140 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 804, Washington, D.C. 20036. Documents with an ED number may be ordered in either microfiche (MF) or hard copy (HC) from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, National Cash Register Company, 4936 Fairmont Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20014. Orders must include ED number and specification of format de­ sired. A $0.50 handling charge will be added to all orders. Payment must accompany orders totaling less than $5.00. Orders from states with sales tax laws must include payment of the appropriate tax or include tax ex­ emption certificates. Documents available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Virginia 22151 have CFSTI number and price following the citation.

Machine Readable Bibliographic Records: tion. are discussed. The practical work of Criteria and Creation. ERIC Clearing­ creating bibliographic records involves: house on Library and Information Sci­ ( 1) data base environment; ( 2) technical ences. By Ritvars Bregzis. May 1970, aspects; ( 3) cost; and ( 4) operational 2-Bp. (ED 039 388, MF-$0.25 HC­ methodology. The application of automat­ $1.50). ed processes to library service functions is dependent on the availability of appropri­ The centrality of bibliograhic records in ately structured and functional biblio­ library automation, objectives of the bib­ graphic data files. There is a general lack liographic record file, and elemental fac­ of such files. The known bibliographic rec­ tors involved in bibliographic record crea- ord files range widely in their scope of 60 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 coverage, size, detail of data coverage, these generalizations are noted. The text is functional orientation, and method and followed by a list of references. cost of production. As a rule they are not mutually compatible. The machine-read­ Library Statistics of Colleges and U niver­ able bibliographic record services offered sities, Analytic Report, Fall 1968. By by the Library of Congress and the British Bronson Price. National Center for Edu­ National Bibliography constitute a trend cational Statistics, 1970. 85p. (ED 039 in distribution of machine-readable rec­ 888, MF-$0.50 HC available from the ords of standardized definition and multi­ Superintendent of Documents, U.S. purpose functionality to the library world Government Printing Office, Washington, at a consistently increasing rate. Although D.C. 20402 HE 5.215 15031-68, $1.00). cooperative creation of large bibliographic In 1967-68 the operating expenditures record files appears to be a feasible ob­ of the 2,370 college and university libraries jective for the coming decade, it is not covered in the survey totaled approximate­ clear to what extent a similar sharing by ly $510 million. Of that total, $189 million the small library of the required comput­ or 37 percent was spent on books and other ing services will become possible for pur­ libra1y materials, and $275 million or 54 poses of cooperative utilization of the co­ percent was spent for salaries and wages. operative bibliographic data files. Binding and rebinding accounted for 3 percent of the total; all other operating The Academic Library Response to New expenditures, for 6 percent. Aside from Directions in Undergraduate Education. microform holdings, some 305 million vol­ ERIC Clearinghouse on Library and In­ umes were held by the libraries at the end formation Sciences. By Patricia B. of 1967-68. Over 2.5 million periodical Knapp. April 1970, 23p. (ED 039 390, titles were being received, while the num­ MF-$0.25 HC-$1.25). ber of serial titles other than periodicals Following a discussion of the major was slightly more than one million. Of the trends in higher education, the response of 43,500 nonhourly personnel, 17,400 or 40 academic libraries to these developments percent represented librarians, 5 percent is considered, with particular attention to were professional staff other than librari­ developments related to undergraduate li­ ans, and 55 percent were nonprofessionals. braries, community college libraries, learn­ The assistance provided by students and ing resources centers, the independent hourly personnel amounted to nearly 32 study movement, the library-college move­ million hours. The overall library expendi­ ment, and library programs in experiment­ tures taken as a percent of total institu­ al colleges. The base line for this selective, tional expenditures for educational and evaluative, and interpretive review was general purposes (including organized re­ provided by a bibliography based on a lit­ search) was 3.7 percent. erature search conducted by the ERIC Clearinghouse for Library and Information Research and Development in the Com­ Sciences staff at the University of Minne­ puter and Information Sciences. Volume sota. Emphasis is on publications since 1, Information Acquisition, Sensing, and 1965. A major impression received from re­ Input: A Selective Literature Review. viewing the literature on library services By Mary Elizabeth Stevens. National for undergraduate education is that a great Bureau of Standards, March 1970. 169p. deal more is said about what ought to be (ED 039 891, MF-$0.75 HC available done than about what is actually being from the Superintendent of Documents, done. A second and related general im­ U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash­ pression is that the library response to new ington, D.C. 20402. ( C13.44: 113 Vol. 1, developments in undergraduate education $1.50). is disappointing because so little of a truly The series, of which this is the initial re­ innovative nature is occurring in under­ port; is intended to give a selective over­ graduate education itself. Exceptions to view of research and development efforts Abstracts I 61 and requirements in the computer and in­ plications for BCN Design. By Herbert formation sciences. The operations of in­ R. Seiden. System Development Corpo­ formation acquisition, sensing, and input ration, January 1970. 65p. (ED 039 893, to information processing systems are con­ MF-$0.50 HC-$3.35). sidered in generalized terms. Specific top­ ics include but are not limited to: ( 1) The work reported is part of a series of source data automation and remote sens­ studies aimed at providing information ing techniques; ( 2) communication sys­ and assistance to the National Library of tems and data h·ansmission links; ( 3) au­ Medicine ( NLM) in planning the Biomed­ dio and graphic inputs; ( 4) preprocessing ical Communications Network (BCN). The operations upon input items; ( 5) character first part reviews the literature on systems recognition; ( 6) speech recognition; and relevant to BCN design, documents Sys­ (7) various other aspects of automatic pat­ tem Development Corporation's position tern recognition. Supplemental notes and with respect to certain concepts of bibli­ a bibliography of over 640 cited references ographic retrieval as they relate to BCN are included. planning, and provides a basis for better understanding of the comparisons. The sec­ Research and Development in the Com­ ond part contains comparisons of various puter and Information Sciences. Volume systems based on data available in open 2, Processing, Storage, and Output Re­ sources. Over 150 systems were reviewed. quirements in the Information Process­ Of these, 26 general purpose and 11 bibli­ ing Systems: A Selective Literature Re­ ographic systems were selected for com­ view. By Mary Elizabeth Stevens. Na­ parison, based on criteria described in the tional Bureau of Standards, May 1970. study. Implications for system design, for 129p. (ED 039 892, MF-$0.75 HC the BCN user, and for network planning available from the Superintendent of are discussed in the third part. Some of Documents, U.S. Government Printing the major points are: (1) NLM should Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 C13.- stay with the bibliographic retrieval design; 44: 113 Vol. 2, $1.25). ( 2) a unified network concept should be developed and implemented; ( 3) there is Areas of concern with respect to proc­ a need for standards and specifications for essing, storage, and output requirements of inputs, thesauri, and unit records; ( 4) a generalized information processing sys­ users should be provided more direct ac­ tem are considered. Special emphasis is cess to the files on an interactive basis; and placed on multiple-access systems. Prob­ (5) some files should be maintained cen­ lems of system management and control trally while others should be duplicated are discussed, including hierarchies of stor­ at several centers. age levels. Facsimile, digital, and mass random access storage media and tech­ New Mexico's Library Resources: Present niques are considered. A variety of output Status and a Plan for the Future. By mode requirements are also considered, New Mexico State Library, Santa Fe; including direct recording to microforms; New Mexico Library Development on-line display systems; printing, photo­ Council. Arthur D. Little, Inc., March composition, and automatic character gen­ 1970, 207p. (ED 039 895, MF-$1.00 eration; and three-dimensional, color, and HC-$10.45). other special-purpose display systems. Problems of system use and evaluation are The findings and conclusions of this also briefly noted. A bibliography of ap­ study are based on personal interviews proximately 480 cited references is includ­ with librarians and on information gath­ ed, together with supplemental notes and ered from questionnaires. Responses to the quotations from the literature. questionnaires are pictured in tables. The report resulting from the study is intended A Comparative Analysis of Interactive to provide: ( 1) a summary of existing li­ Storage and Retrieval Systems with lm- brary strengths and weaknesses; (2) rec- I

I 62 I College & Research Libraries • January 1971 ommendations for improvement of the to­ crimination and performance; and ( 3) tal library program; and ( 3) a source of easily revised self-instructional materials. verification and support for those in New The purpose of these materials is to help Mexico who will actively seek a statewide the library science students at the master's solution to a statewide problem. Appendix level become acquainted with a wide spec­ A, on academic libraries, was prepared by trum of representative reference materials Dr. Roscoe Rouse, Director of the Library, and to learn to use these in meeting the Oklahoma State University. The libraries informational needs of the library patrons. visited are listed in Appendix B. Recom­ To accomplish these objectives, 167 refer­ mendations of the study group are cen­ ence work annotations and 850 questions tered around: ( 1) a statewide library ser­ dealing with these tools were compiled vice network; and ( 2) resource and per­ and organized into a linear program. Ref­ sonnel development. erence interviews in libraries were mon­ itored and recorded for use as simulated Computational Linguistics: Bibliography case studies. In these situations, the com­ 1968. By Bozena Dostert and others. puter acts as the patron and the student as Rand Corporation, January 1970. 57p. the librarian. The group using the com, (ED 039 901, MF-$0.25 HC-$2.95). puter scored significantly higher on exam­ inations than did another control group Cited are 573 U.S. and foreign articles, which did not use the computer. reports, and books particularly relevant to the field of computational linguistics with Meeting Information Needs in Ohio; A · selective coverage in the fields of compu­ Report on TWX Experiment and Ele­ tation and programming, and social science ments That Will Assist in Designing a uses of computers as language processors. Reference and Information Network. In the area of linguistics, a fairly broad By the State Library of Ohio, Columbus, view of structural theory and semantics is 1970. 24p. (ED 039 909, MF-$0.25 taken without being exhaustive. Structural HC-$1.30) . properties of some languages, especially English and Russian, are also selectively Ohio libraries are committed to develop­ covered. The coverage of psycholinguistics ment of a reference and information net­ and sociolinguistics is also selective. work. Duggan's twelve components are cited as useful in planning. A TWX ex­ The Development and Testing of Materi­ periment linking two union catalogs and als for Computer-Assisted Instruction in the State Library is described. In a 172- the Education of Reference Librarians. day period (Feb.-Oct. 1969), 4,502 re­ By Thomas P. Slavens. The University quests (estimated as 44 percent or less of of Michigan, School of Library Science, the cunent potential volume) entered the April 1970. 182p. (ED 039 902, MF­ system. Of these, 2,318 (52 percent) were $0.75 HC-$9.20). found at the first station, 427 ( 10 percent) at the second station, and the remaining Three problems in the field of library 38 percent were unlocated. 539 titles ( 12 science concerning the education of ref­ percent) were located as a result of the erence librarians which this project at­ connection. Of the 1,719 not located, 413 tempted to solve were: ( 1) unsatisfactory were new publications outside the inter­ teaching methods; ( 2) variation of educa­ library loan code recognized by the union tion and skill among students; and (3) catalogs, and 996 were not identified in lack of self-instructional materials. The de­ three bibliographic sources with indica­ velopment and testing of computer-assist­ tions that they were incorrect entries or ed instructional materials has conh·ibuted material outside the scope of the catalogs. to the solution of these problems by mak­ The report suggests that 87 percent of the ing available: ( 1) a type of education in ccproper" requests could be located in Ohio which reference situations are simulated; libraries. The mean number of days-items ( 2) an instructional period to evaluate dis- which were in the system was 2.61, with a Abstracts I 63 range of 1-13. The paper ends with sug­ both formal and informal, are presented as gestions for next steps including a demon­ they were given. Titles of the papers are: stration of a statewide functional approach ( 1) "Management of Small College Li­ to meeting information needs of a specific braries," ( 2) "Management of Public and target group. Regional Libraries," ( 3) "Education for Library Management," ( 4) "Librarian­ Library Management; Papers Presented at Manager or Professional Manager?," and a Workshop Sponsored by the Library ( 5) "Management: A Personal Viewpoint." Association of Alberta, March 69, Red As part of the continuing education pro­ Deer, Alberta. By Gertrude C. Pomahac, gram of the Association, the Workshop was ed. Library Association of Alberta, 1969. designed to provide administrators and ed­ 55p. (ED 039 913, MF-$0.25 HC­ ucators with the opportunity to share their $2.85). experiences with representatives of every kind of managerial responsibility, in every The first of the Occasional Papers issued size and type of library. A bibliography of by the Library Association of Alberta is a management books published since 1960, record of the papers delivered at the As­ biographies of the speakers, and a list of sociation's workshop on library manage­ workshop participants follow the paper ment held in March 1969. The papers, presentations. Letters

To the Editor: Radford has secured from the librarian of Mea culpa, mea maxima culpa! I am un­ Washington College, Chestertown, Mary­ der the painful necessity of correcting an land, a Xerox copy of the survey report of erroneous date which I gave in an earlier the College Library, written by William M. letter to the editor. (CRL, 31 (March Randall and me, and which I suggested 1970), page 118.) In that letter, comment­ must have been done in 1934 or 1935. The ing on an article, "Three Early Academic report is dated December 1939. I apologize Library Surveys," by Norman D. Stevens to any readers of CRL who may have been in the November 1969 issue of CRL, I sug­ misled by my earlier letter. gested that there was at least one "survey Followers of this topic will no doubt be of an American college library by an out­ interested to know that Mr. Radford has al­ side expert" earlier than the last two of the so discovered several college library surveys three of 1915, 1937, and 1938 which Mr. which, in fact, were done earlier than 1938: Stevens described. I was guilty of relying one in 1926; and others in 1931, 1932, upon circumstantial evidence. 1934, 1936, and 1937; the last five by Ran­ I now have a letter from Neil A. Rad­ dall. I hope that when Mr. Radford has ford, who is gathering data for a doctoral completed his investigations, he will give dissertation at the Graduate Library School us an article reporting his full findings. on the role of the Carnegie Corporation in ]. Periam Danton, the development of American college li­ Professor of LibraTianship, braries. In the course of his labors, Mr. University of California, Berkeley

64/ HARVARD STUDIES IN terial survey which both consolidates EAST ASIAN LAW and amplifies previous work in the Jerome Alan Cohen, Chairman field." -Public Affairs. $17.50 of the Editorial Committee Only in the last decade have Amer­ THE CRIMINAL PROCESS ican scholars become aware of the IN THE PEOPLE'S value that the study of law can have to an understanding of the evolu­ REPUBLIC OF CHINA, tion of Chinese social, economic, 1949-1963: and political life. This important new An Introduction. By Jerome Alan series provides new insights into the Cohen. " ... one of the most reveal­ traditions, theoretical bases, and ing books yet published concerning workings of East Asian law. the sociopolitical life of the ordinary Chinese on the Mainland." - The Annals of the American Academy CONTEMPORARY of Political and Social Sciences. CHINESE LAW: $15.00 Research Problems and Perspec­ tives. Edited by Jerome Alan Cohen. Thirteen essays that explore the AGREEMENTS OF THE methodology for studying Chinese PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF law and investigate research ma­ CHINA, 1949·1967: terials, analyze terminology prob­ A Calendar. By Douglas Millar lems, and discuss the comparisons Johnston and Hungdah Chiu. "Seri­ between the Chinese legal system ous students of China and interna­ and our own and that of the U.S.S.R. tional law will be deeply indebted " ... It will be praised by men con­ to the prodigious labor and impres­ ceraed with seeking the universal in­ sive scholarship which this seminal reference work represents." - Har­ sistence of social order. The authors vard International Law Journal. have proved that China is not chaotic, although it presents less fa­ $12.50 miliar features of social order than A new brochure describing all our books any other of the great families of on Asia is available upon request. law."-Harvard Law Review $10.00 LAW IN IMPERIAL CHINA: HARVARD Exemplified by 190 Ch'ing Dynasty Cases (translated from the Using-an hoi-Ian) with Historical, Social, and UNIVERSITY Judicial Commentaries. By Derk Bodde and Clarence Morris. "A PRESS landmark for the subject - a magis- Cambridge, Mass. 02138 INTRODUCING THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE BOOK ·· EVER PUBLISHED ON :,BOOKS THAT AREN'T BEING PUBLISHED. ,.

Jt(AOK IS A AEGISTERfO tAA()flriMAK OF UA91' Newly revised for 1971, the 664-page Xerox Out-of-Print Book Catalog is substantially more comprehensive than the nearest contender­ the 490-page 1970 Xerox Catalog. This year's version lists 45,000 titles, making us again the largest out-of-print book publisher in the world. Missing from this otherwise complete catalog are some 10,000 other titles that we'll publish this year. They're not listed for an excellent reason: we don't know what' they are yet. Every year, in response to thousands of requests, we track down ut-of-print books, put them on microfilm, and publish them xerographically. In quantities as small or large as requested. That way, librarians and scholars end up with books they might not otherwise have, and we end up with more titles in our catalog. (To keep you up-to-date on these new findings, we also publish The 0-P Bookfinder as a monthly supplement.) Write us for your copy, free of charge. If you're ever looking.for an ut-of-print title, chances are good you'll find it there. But if you can't find it in our catalog, you can always consult a ore comprehensive source. Us. ,------, University Microfilms Dept. 14 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Mich. 48103 Please send me a free copy of the 1971 Xerox Out-of-Print Book Catalog. Name ______

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Library business is our only business- since 1886 Ifyou've wanted to convert to a book catalog but cumulations, of course. But even with this exJ[)ertse, haven't because of eoonomic considerations, we'd most libraries come out ahead.) ' . like to talk to·youaboutyour economics. , .? . ,:~.. Besides savingy; money, a bQok'catalo It does cost some~hing in~tially to ch:a.p&e over. ~~ t .... do tl1~n~~ you:s?uld .· ~···~.. ~ ~a card ca~~!6 statistics indicate' that you get it all oack:. X ;;}ii<).ii' { .price. ' Such a.~,'.pl~ ..: . > ·.. . ifjr! u~i!!Y li,mitle~s n Based on 1970 contracts, the average cost per title ·· copie~. ~nd sendin* copies out ~f tlle library ~() for all our book catalog customers came to under $1.25. interested teachers, students, and other librai!aiis. But for libraries still using card catalogs-even if For complete fac~s and ~gwe~, write us: · they actually catalog only 20% of their acquisitions- We're not suggesting that a book catalog will the cost comes out to something like $2.60per