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Political Economy of Growth on the Periphery, 1943-1980 Leszczyn´Ski Adam

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Political Economy of Growth on the Periphery, 1943-1980 Leszczyn´Ski Adam Geschichte - Erinnerung - Politik 16 16 Geschichte - Erinnerung - Politik 16 Adam Leszczyn´ski Leap into Modernity – Adam Leszczyn´ski Political Economy of Growth on the Periphery, 1943-1980 Leszczyn´ski Adam This book describes struggles of different development economics. This book eval- Leap into Modernity – countries and their development after uates the power of state as a vehicle of pro- World War II. It presents a panorama of gress and focuses in detail on the Soviet different ideologies of accelerated devel- Union, China, Poland, Ghana, Tanzania, Political Economy of opment, which dominated the world just and South Korea. before the war and in the next 40 years. The author explains why in the 1970s Growth on the Periphery, global and local elites began to turn away from the state, exchanging statism for the The Author belief in the ‘invisible hand of the market’ Adam Leszczyn´ski is an Assistant Profes- 1943-1980 as a panacea for underdevelopment. He sor in the Polish Academy of Sciences. He focuses not only on the genesis of under- won several awards for both his historical development, but also on the causes of works and publications on developing popularity of economic planning, and the countries in Africa, Latin America advent of neoliberalism in the discourse of and Asia. of Growth on the Periphery, 1943-1980 Growthof the on Periphery, Leap Modernity into – Political Economy ISBN 978-3-631-65636-5 GEP 16_Leszczynski 265636 AM_A5HC PLE.indd 1 01.03.17 KW 09 10:50 Geschichte - Erinnerung - Politik 16 16 Geschichte - Erinnerung - Politik 16 Adam Leszczyn´ski Leap into Modernity – Adam Leszczyn´ski Political Economy of Growth on the Periphery, 1943-1980 Leszczyn´ski Adam This book describes struggles of different development economics. This book eval- Leap into Modernity – countries and their development after uates the power of state as a vehicle of pro- World War II. It presents a panorama of gress and focuses in detail on the Soviet different ideologies of accelerated devel- Union, China, Poland, Ghana, Tanzania, Political Economy of opment, which dominated the world just and South Korea. before the war and in the next 40 years. The author explains why in the 1970s Growth on the Periphery, global and local elites began to turn away from the state, exchanging statism for the The Author belief in the ‘invisible hand of the market’ Adam Leszczyn´ski is an Assistant Profes- 1943-1980 as a panacea for underdevelopment. He sor in the Polish Academy of Sciences. He focuses not only on the genesis of under- won several awards for both his historical development, but also on the causes of works and publications on developing popularity of economic planning, and the countries in Africa, Latin America advent of neoliberalism in the discourse of and Asia. of Growth on the Periphery, 1943-1980 Growthof the on Periphery, Leap Modernity into – Political Economy GEP 16_Leszczynski 265636 AM_A5HC PLE.indd 1 01.03.17 KW 09 10:50 Leap into Modernity – Political Economy of Growth on the Periphery, 1943-1980 GESCHICHTE - ERINNERUNG - POLITIK POSENER STUDIEN ZUR GESCHICHTS-, KULTUR- UND POLITIKWISSENSCHAFT Herausgegeben von Anna Wolff-Powęska und Piotr Forecki BAND 16 Adam Leszczyński Leap into Modernity – Political Economy of Growth on the Periphery, 1943-1980 Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Leszczyński, Adam, 1975- author. Title: Leap into modernity : political economy of growth on the periphery, 1943-1980 / Adam Leszczyński. Description: Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Peter Lang, [2017] | Series: Geschichte, Erinnerung, Politik, ISSN 2191-3528 ; Vol. 16 | Includes bibliographi- cal references. Identifiers: LCCN 2016054980 | ISBN 9783631656365 Subjects: LCSH: Economic history–20th century. | Economic development– History–20th century. | Economics–Political aspects–History–20th century. Classification: LCC HC54 .L395 2017 | DDC 338.9009/045–dc23 LC record availa- ble at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054980 This publication was financially supported by the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Cover illustration: © liuzishan / Fotolia.com ISSN 2191-3528 ISBN 978-3-631-65636-5 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-653-04886-5 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-71000-5 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-71001-2 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b10801 Open Access: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 unported license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ © Adam Leszczyński, 2017 Peter Lang – Frankfurt am Main ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙ Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Table of contents Chapter 1. A brief history of backwardness �������������������������������������������������7 1. Malthus was right ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 2. Wealth and poverty in the past ��������������������������������������������������������������������16 3. Empire and its colonies ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 4. Slaves to barbaric superstitions ��������������������������������������������������������������������37 5. “Our little peasant, overburdened with work” �������������������������������������������46 Chapter 2. “A task without historical precedent” �������������������������������������57 1. History �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57 2. Theories �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������70 3. Politics �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������84 Chapter 3. Internal colony ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 101 1. Land of the big bluff ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 101 2. We would be sitting at a broken trough �������������������������������������������������� 105 3. Mechanics of the Great Leap �������������������������������������������������������������������� 125 4. Stalin, rational modernizer? ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 139 Chapter 4. The Four Seas are rising ������������������������������������������������������������ 149 1. Somebody told Mao ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 149 2. Five meals a day ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 151 3. The Great Famine ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 160 4. Politics above everything ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 165 5. Society is certainly a bit coarse ������������������������������������������������������������������ 172 5 Chapter 5. Polish planism ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 175 1. Polish poverty ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 175 2. Life during the Depression ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 180 3. The antiliberal 1930s. ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 184 4. Wartime programmes �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 195 5. The road to Stalinism ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 203 6. Brus, Lange, Kalecki. “The bane of reform” ��������������������������������������������� 212 7. Gomułka and Gierek ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 221 8. The system’s problem ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 228 Chapter 6. Dilemmas of the periphery. The dialectic of development in the “Third World” 1945–1980 ���������������� 231 1. The black star of Africa ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 231 2. Socialism is more than mere logic ������������������������������������������������������������ 248 3. Open veins of Latin America ������������������������������������������������������������������� 256 Chapter 7. Small dragons. Korea and Taiwan, 1945–1980 ���������������� 279 1. Export or death ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 279 2. A decaying nation ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 289 3. Success in spite of rule/against the rules �������������������������������������������������� 296 Chapter 8 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 301 1. Malaise ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 301 2. The revolution of the neoliberals �������������������������������������������������������������� 305 3. Disillusionment with the Leviathan.......................................................... 313 Chapter 9. Conclusion. The politics of growth: 1943–1980 �������������� 323 1. The search
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