312 Canadian Foreign Policy the Chrétien-Martin Years Lecture 11 POL 312Y Canadian Foreign Policy Professor John Kirton University of Toronto
312 Canadian Foreign Policy The Chrétien-Martin Years Lecture 11 POL 312Y Canadian Foreign Policy Professor John Kirton University of Toronto Introduction: The Chrétien-Martin Eras Assessed In interpreting Canadian foreign policy during the Chrétien-Martin years, scholars face unusual difficulty (Smith 1995). Unlike Pierre Trudeau and Kim Campbell before him, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien did not set forth during his earlier life, his first election campaign, or his first year in office a comprehensive personal vision of what his foreign policy would be. His definitive “Statement” on foreign policy, unveiled on February 7, 1995, appeared to have been overtaken within a year by a very different doctrine from his new foreign minister Lloyd Axworthy, and ultimately by the “Dialogue” report released by foreign minister Bill Graham in June 2003. Moreover, Chrétien’s foreign policy doctrines, resource distributions, and key decisions were designed at the start to deal with the bright post–Cold War world abroad and the grim world of deficits, debt, and disunity at home. But by the end of the Chrétien decade, his Liberal Party successor Paul Martin had to cope with the great reversal of a grim post 9/11 world at war abroad and a strong, secure, cohesive Canada at home. Martin’s effort to do so, in his April 2005 International Policy Statement, demonstrated the difficulties of doctrinally doing so. The Chrétien Decade: The Debate In assessing Jean Chrétien’s decade as Prime Minister from October 25, 1993 to December 12, 2003, scholars offer three major competing schools of thought. The first sees LI’s disappointing continuity, as once again the prospect of immediate change from a new prime minister was quickly snatched away.
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