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Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 61(2) 1994

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Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 61(2) 1994 Volume 61 July-1994 Numbet^ JOURNAL of of Washington A semiannual journal of research devoted to '•„ Helmlhthology and all branches of Parasitology i '-'.,' Supported in part by the /- '; Brayton M. Ransom Memorial Trust Fund H " CONTENTS SYMPOSIUM^ VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF PARASITES X" _ .- "' SHQOP, W>L. Vertical Transmission in The Trematoda ____ . ________ '. ______ ,,._,—_ ^,— ...._ _______ . ______ 453 T;ONN, D.^B. Cestode Infections of JVIammary Glands and Female Reproductive Organs: Potential for Vertical Transmission? — .-/.—:—_..> — ... ..... ...'— .^.;:.....-^..... 162 LYONS,;E. T. • Vertical Transmission of Nematodes: Emphasis on Uncinaridlucasjin ' Northern Fur Seals and Strongyloideswesteri in Equids _____ :^.;-J-l-....— ________________ 169 .; x 'V RESEARCH ARTICLES; ' -< / V. : M. G. SPALDING, J. M. KiNSELLA, R. D, BJORK, AND & S. < ..-MCLAUGHLIN. Helminths pf the Roseat&:^poonbill, Ajqia ajaja, in Southern -•> ' \a ....l..; .. 179 SCHOLZ, T., I. P. LAVADORES J., J. VARGAS V.,~E. F. MENDOZA R, R-. RODRIGUEZ C., AND C. VJVAS R. Life Cycle of Oligogonotylus manteri (Digenea: Cryptogohimidae), ;?~ _.;, ( a Parasite of Cichlid Fishes in Southern Mexico --;- — ----- .......... :.....- ------- --.. ...... ..... -190 FREIDENFELDS, E. V., J. N.-€AIRA, AND-B: CAMPBELL., A Redescription of Telprchls quridistomi' (Digenea; ^^ Telorchiidae) with Comments on the Oral Sucker Pa- • pillae 200 - DRONEH,~N. O., S. L. MARIN, AND E. J. TAYLOR. Drepanidotaenia teshekpukerisis sp, n. (Gestoda: Hymenolepididae) from Black Brant, Branta bernicla jjigricans; ' 1 from/the Teshekpuk Lake .area of Alaska ........ - ....... ...-.— — ....... „... .. ........... ~ — . ...... '. 205 HASEGAWA', H. AND SYAFRUDDIN. Odilia mallomyos sp. n. (Nemat,6da: Heligmonelli- dae) from Mallomys rothschildi vceyfondi (Rodentia: Muridae) of ^ Irian Jaya, In- donesia --——..-.-- ...... - — .:xi....-....c.i — ...j... ....... x ....... L^..— .„........„..„--.-: — .___ 208 IWAKI, T.,-F. TENORA, N.V-ABE, Y. OKU, AND M. KAMIYA. Andrya ap_odemi sp. n. (Ces- " ( toda:NAnoplocephalidae), a Parasite of Apodemus argenteits -from Hokkaido, Japan -r------- ............ -, ....... .,.,...— r.". ...... ^:: ^215 - \ContinuedonOutsideBackCover) Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ^ THE SOCIETY meets in October, November, February,- April and May for'the presentation and .dis- cussion Of papers in any and all branches of parasitology or related sciences. All interested persons are" invited to attend.- ,. ,, - ~ . • --._ - , „. Persons interested in membership in the Helminthological Society of Washington jnay obtain appli- cation blanks in recent issues of THE JOURNAL. A year's subscription to the Journal is included in the annual dues of $20.00 domestic and $22.00 foreign. -OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1994 President: • MARK cTjENKINS - .--_:_ Vice President: EILEEN D. FRANKE --^ „ "V Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer: JOAN E. JACKSON Recording Secretary: ELLEN M.ANDERSEN '-T'- Archivist/Librarian: PATRICIA A. PILLTT ._^ , "Custodian of Back Issues^ J.-RALPH LICHTENFELS Representative to the Washington Academy of Sciences: KENDALL G. POWERS ,; Representative'to the American Society of Parasitologists: ERIC P. HOBERG Executive CommitteeMembers-at-Large: LOUIS GASBARRE, 1994 ... - '_ '<- • - , ' • ' PETER WEINA, 1994 '."- ' . JOHN H. CROSS, 1995 _V,-'-^ 'SUSAN MEYER;'1995 - _ Ihtmediate Past Preside^: ~RUTH M. KULSTAD . >- - -. THE JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SCTdETY OF WASHINGTON • •'.'. THE JOURNAL as published semiannually at Lawrence, Kansas by the-Helminthological Society of Washington. Papers need not be presented'at a meeting to be published'in the Journal. MANUSCRIPTS should be sentto the EDITOR, Siierman S. HendriX, Department of Biology, Get- tysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325. email: [email protected]. Manuscripts must be typewritten, double'spaced, and in finished form. The original and two-copies are required. "Photocopies of drawings may be submitted for review purposes but glossy prints of halftones'are re- quired; originals will be requested-after acceptance of the manuscript. Papers are accepted with the understanding that they will be published only in the Journal. -, ; REPRINTS may be ordered from the PRINTER at the same time the corrected proof is returned to "theEDITOR. \/ L x v. ' AUTHORSTCONTRIBUTIONS to publication concurrently $40/pg for members, $80, for non- members) will be billed by Allen Press and are payable to the SOCIETY. - "~ BACK VOLUMES o'f the Journal are available. Inquiries concerning back volumes and Current subscriptions should be directed to the business office. v,. V . I3USINESS OFFICE. The Society's business office is tit Lawrence, Kansas, All inquiries concern- ing subscriptions or back issues and all payments for dues, subscriptions, and back issues should be" addressed to: Helminthological Society of Washington, % Allen Press, Inc., 1041 .-New^Hampshire... St., Lawrence, Kansas 66044, U;S.A. " :•.. / EDITORIAL BOARD SHERMAN S. HENDRIX, Editor 1995 ROY C. ANDERSON DANIEL R. BROOKS - -. D WIGHT D. BOWMAN RAYMOND M. CABLE ERIC P. HOBERG ' / RAYMOND H. FETTERER RALPH P. ECKERLIN "ROBIN M. OVERSTREET WILLIAM F. FONT ,_ L-v RONALD PAYER- MARY H. PRITCHARD JOHN G: HOLMES " ' - A. MORGAN GOLDEN ROBERT L.RAUSCH- ' . ]. RALPH LICHTENFELS ~ ROBIN N. HUETTEL HARLEY G. SHEFFIELD .^ JOHNS.MACKIEWICZ DANNY B. PENCE DENNIS A. THONEY BRENT B. NiCKOLTf'. ^ JOSEPH F. URBAN STEVE J.UPTON - VASSILIOS THEODORIDES © The Helminthological'Society of Washington 1994 - - Y ISSN 1049-233X-" This paper meets the requirements ofANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 61(2), 1994, pp. 153-161 Vertical Transmission in the Trematoda WESLEY L. SHOOP Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc, Rahway, New Jersey 07065 ABSTRACT: Vertical transmission is denned as contagious distribution of a symbiotic, sometimes infectious, agent from one generation of host to the next. With respect to helminths, vertical transmission is not common because contagion (i.e., direct transmission of an infectious agent between 2 members of the same host species) is rare; the overwhelming majority of helminth life cycles, even those that are called direct, require some form of additional development outside the host before the infective stage is reached and a return to the host is possible. Of 38 helminth species for which there is some evidence of vertical transmission, only 6 are trematodes. Two species, Fasciola hepatica and Schistosomajaponicum, have been reported to undergo vertical transmission through prenatal routes. Although the metacercariae and schistosomules of these respective species undergo somatic migration in mammals, there is neither evidence that their movement is directed to the fetus nor that they can become hypobiotic and capable of queuing for a future pregnancy, characteristics common to other species that rely on vertical transmission for a substantial part of their maintenance. Consequently, these infections are interpreted as aberrant migrations during pregnancy. Four species, Alaria alata, A. marcianae, Pharyngostomoides adenocephala, and P. procyonis, undergo vertical transmission postnatally via the milk and there is ample evidence available to suggest that this is a significant mechanism in their life cycles. The infective agent transmitted through the milk is the mesocercaria and this stage is capable of prolonged hypobiosis in the tissues of the female. Lactating females that are infected with mesocercariae serve primarily as paratenic hosts. This is true even in those host species that are usually regarded as definitive hosts. The term "amphiparatenesis" is used to describe the pattern of parasite transmission between 2 members of the same host species, 1 serving as a paratenic host (the mother) and the other as a definitive host (the offspring), and in which vertical transmission is the mechanism. KEY WORDS: Alaria spp., endosymbiosis, milk-borne transmission, Pharyngostomoides spp., vertical trans- mission. Infectious agents usually have limited mobility point, rather than relying on phagocytosis to en- and must rely to a large part on the habits of ter the host, a mechanism developed whereby their hosts for transmission. Some rely on "hor- these bacteria were vertically transmitted from izontal transmission" and infect contemporary generation to generation in our ancestors. This hosts by employing vectors, seeding migratory intimate symbiosis and transmission has now pathways, or intertwining themselves in the food proceeded to such a point that we hardly rec- web of the target host. Others use "vertical trans- ognize the bacteria as distinct entities any longer. mission" and infect noncontemporary hosts. Covertly, vertical transmission of the bacteria/ Vertical transmission connotes passage in time mitochondria lineage(s) occurs every time a eu- and is defined herein as contagious distribution karyote, whether plant, animal, or fungus, re- of a symbiotic, sometimes infectious, agent from produces. one generation of host to the next. Vertical Transmission and Vertical Transmission and Endosymbiosis Helminths in General Although many believe that vertical transmis- With respect to helminths, vertical transmis- sion is rare and utilized by few organisms, it was sion is rare because it entails true contagion, i.e., noted in an earlier review on the subject that this
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