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Studies on Taxonomy of Parasitic Tick Genus Hyalomma (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Aurangabad District M.S

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Studies on Taxonomy of Parasitic Tick Genus Hyalomma (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Aurangabad District M.S International Journal of Entomology Research International Journal of Entomology Research ISSN: 2455-4758; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.24 Received: 15-02-2019; Accepted: 18-03-2019 www.entomologyjournals.com Volume 4; Issue 3; May 2019; Page No. 27-30 Studies on taxonomy of parasitic tick genus Hyalomma (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Aurangabad district M.S. India 1 2 Sushama Paikade , Ramrao Chavan 1, 2 Department of Zoology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India Abstract The present study deals with the taxonomy of species of Genus Hyalomma from Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India. Genus Hyalomma is parasitic ticks of various domestic animals. The present study was carried out on ectoparasitic ticks of milch cattles of Aurangabad district from June-2015 to May-2016. Total three species of genus Hyalomma such as Hy. Anatolicum, Hy. Marginatum, Hy. Impeltatum were identified as per the keys and descriptions given by Wall. R and Shearer. D (1997). Soulsby E. J. I (1982). Hoogstraal (1965). and Asadollah Hosseini-Chegeni (2013). Keywords: taxonomy, genus Hyalomma, ectoparasitic ticks, Aurangabad Introduction This shows that approximately 13% of total species of ticks Ticks belonging to Phylum Arthropoda, Class Arachnida, of the world are found in India. subclass Acari, and family Ixodidae. The arthropods contain Hyalomma ticks are also known to be involved in the over 80% of all known animal species and occupy almost transmission of rickettsiae, such as Rickettsia conori every-known habitat. As a result of their activity, arthropod Caminopetros and Brumpt, 1932, causing tick typhus and ectoparasites may have a variety of direct and indirect Coxiella burnetii Derrick, 1937, causing Q-fever effects on their hosts’ [1]. Approximately 900 tick species (Hoogstraal, 1967a). The impact of ticks on human have been described, divided among the Ixodidae, economy merits special consideration as they affect the Argasidae, and Nuttalliellidae, of which about 10% of health of man and his domestic wealth directly and Ixodidae and Agasidae families are of clinical significance indirectly. Although widely recognized as pets, ticks are [2]. Eighty percent of the world tick fauna are hard ticks and best known for their notorious vector status. Despite their with the exception of one tick species in family medical and veterinary importance, ticks remained as an Nuttalliellidae, the remaining are soft ticks. Ten percent of unstudied group in India till 1928. The genus Hyalomma the total hard and soft tick species are known to cause comprises 30 species, most of which follow a three-host life disease transmission in domestic animals and humans [2]. cycle. However, some species undergo either a two-host or a Moreover, ticks can cause transmission of viral, bacterial three-host cycle, depending on species [2]. The pioneering and protozoan pathogens causing diseases like hemorrhagic work of Sharif which resulted in the publication of an fever, Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Theileriosis, and identification key to Ixotid ticks formed the basis for Babesiosis in meat and dairy animals [3]. Currently, the subsequent studies on varies aspects of Indian tick fauna [6]. genus Hyalomma comprises three taxonomic subgenera: In some cases, ticks have been reported to cause lowered Hyalomma (type subgenus: Hy. dromedarii), Hyalommina productivity, mortality [7]. Transmit such diseases as (type subgenus: Hy. rhipicephaloides) and Hyalommasta Babesiosis, Theileriosis, and Anaplasmosis etc. [8]. Ticks (type subgenus: Hy. aegyptium) [4]. However, Filippova which usually attack cattle are Boophilus spp., (1984) considers just two subgenera: Hyalommasta (type Haemaphysalis spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Hyalomma spp., species: Hy. aegyptium) and Euhyalomma (type species: Hy. Amblyomma spp., Dermacentor spp., (Hoogstraal et al. dromedarii). The present study mainly reviews taxonomic 1966). Hyalomma ticks are well-known vectors of status, distribution, and host and disease relationship in nine protozoan diseases such as theileriasis and babesiosis Hyalomma species: Hy. Aegyptium, H. anatolicum, Hy. affecting cattle and buffaloes in India [9]. Asiaticum, Hy. detritus, Hy. Dromedarii, Hy. excavatum, The objectives of the study were to collect and identify the Hy. Marginatum, Hy. rufipes and Hy. schulzei. Finally a different species of Hyalomma genus from Aurangabad taxonomic key is constructed to the native Hyalomma district of Maharashtra India. species of Iran. [5]. The Hyalomma tick fauna of the Indian area is characterized by the presence of several distinct, Material and Methods endemic species as well as by the small size of individual The present study was conducted from June-2015-May- ticks in local populations of species widely distributed in 2016, in Aurangabad district Maharashtra, India. The this area and elsewhere in Asia, Africa, and southern Europe random sampling was performed for this study in [4]. The most comprehensive study of Indian ticks was done Aurangabad district from which 1-6 cattle were thoroughly by Sharif (1928). Later Hoogstraal et al. (1962-1971) made investigated by close inspection, parting the hairs against extensive studies on Ixodida and till date, approximately their natural direction for the detection of ticks. Ticks were 107 species and 12 genera have been known from India. collected from the different part of the body of the 27 International Journal of Entomology Research individual cattle by hand picking, when required, use small plate alignment is with adanal plates. Adanal plate shape hairbrush dipped in ethanol was used for the collection of has square end. ------------------ Hyalomma marginatum. ticks. Ticks were preserved in 70% alcohol in clean, well - Central festoon is pale colour, Leg is brown in colour stopper glass vials which were labeled properly. and pale ring is present but not clear, punctation size Morphology of ectoparasites was studied in the laboratory is large, punctation is dense and distributed on under stereomicroscope, by putting the tick on petridish and cervical fields and lateral grooves, Subanal plate using brush, the mouth part, ornamentation coaxa spur, the alignment is move outside the line of the adanal presence of festoon, punctuation distribution leg coloration, plate, adanal plate shape has square ends. -------------- posterior median strip arrangement, genital aperture and -----------------------------------Hyalomma. impeltatum. base of capituli used for identification of ticks genera as per 3. Paracentral festoons (parma) are separated anteriorly, leg the procedure recommended by [10]. Ectoparasites were colorations is with pale rings, larger punctation at the identified according to the keys and description given by [1, lateral grooves, Subanal plate alignment is with the 5, 11, 12, 13]. adanal plates, Subanal plates are small and indistinct, Adanal plate shape has round ends. ------------------------- Result and Discussion ----------------------------------------Hyalomma anatolicum. During present study three species belonging to genus Hy. anatolicum (Koch, 1844) Hyalomma were reported such as Hyalomma genus that is Hy. anatolicum, Hy. marginatum, Hy. Impeltatum. Description Hyalomma anatolicum is important over widely scattered Taxonomy areas from North Africa to India as a vector of the causative Phylum : Arthropoda. organism of tropical Theileriosis of cattle. [14]. The cattle, Class : Arachnida. also sheep, goat, camels, horses, and donkeys are fed on by Subclass : Acari. adult Hy. anatolicum. Adult feed on cattle in the axillae and Order : Ixodida. groin, the genital areas and perineum and the udder. Family : Ixodidae. The Pigmentation (color) of parma as a suitable taxonomic Genus : Hyalomma. character for the differentiation of H. anatolicum and H. marginatum is nearly variable in different population that Keys to the genus Hyalomma may be seen as pale, semi-pale, semi-dark and dark [15]. The 1. Anal grooves surrounding the anus posteriorly. eyes are present which are very convex. The mouthparts are 2. Long mouthparts. long, lateral grooves are short, Cervical fields are visible, 3. Eyes present. central festoon is pale in colored, paracentral festoons 4. Festoon absent or present. (parma) are separate anteriorly, posteromedium grooves are 5. Males with a pair of adanal shields and two posterior present which is long and narrow, leg coloration is with pale abdominal protrusions. rings, punctation sizes are small. Punctation distribution is 6. Adanal shields absent or present………….…Hyalomma. sparse, but with some concentrations of larger puctations at the lateral grooves. Genital aperture anterior groove is Description shallow. Subanal plates alignment is with the adanal plates. The ticks belong to Hyalomma genus have long mouthparts Subanal plates are small and indistinct. Adanal plates shape on anterior region. The palp articles 2 which are longer than has a round end. Spiracle areas have sparse setae. article 1 and 3. The basis capituli has medium angular Hyalomma anatolicum in India reported in Delhi, Himachal lateral margins. The legs usually have pale rings. The legs Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bhaironghata, Andhra are slender. The pulvilli are always present. The scutum is Pradesh, Hyderabad. [4]. present in the female and a conscutum is present in the male Hy. marginatum Koch, 1844 and they are brown in coloured. (exception Hy. lusitanicum). The eyes are always very convex. The Description festoons are present in males and in females but unclear
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