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AUTHOR Frese, Millie K., Ed. TITLE Herbert and . INSTITUTION State Historical Society, Iowa City. ISSN ISSN-0278-0208 PUB DATE 1999-00-00 NOTE 34p. AVAILABLE FROM Goldfinch, State Historical Society of Iowa, 402 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52240. Tel: 319-335-3916. PUB TYPE Collected Works - Serials (022) Guides - Classroom Learner (051) JOURNAL CIT Goldfinch: Iowa History for Young People; v21 n1 Fall 1999 EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Community Involvement; *Cultural Enrichment; Elementary Education; Local History; *Presidents of the United States; *Social Studies; State History; *United States History IDENTIFIERS Celebrations; Festivals; Historical Background; *Hoover (Herbert); Hoover (Lou Henry); *Iowa

ABSTRACT This issue of the children's magazine, "The Goldfinch," focuses on Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover. The articles included are: (1) "Getting To Know Herbert Clark Hoover"; (2) "Lou Henry Hoover"; (3) "Meet an Iowa Author"; (4) "The "; (5) "A Different Kind of Coupon";, (6) "The President's Mountain School"; (6) "Whore are the Books?"; (7) "Quaker Traditions across Generatic.as"; (a) 'Dear Mr. Hoover,' Letters from Children to the President"; and (9)"Peek into Lou Henry Hoover's Scrapbooks." Activities about political cartoons, managing a museum, being a history detective, and playing games are included. (LB)

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover

Millie K. Frese, Editor

The Goldfinch: Iowa History for Young People

State Historical Society of Iowa

Vol. 21 No. 1 Fall 1999

PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS Off ice of Educational Research andImprovement BEEN GRANTED BY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproducedas received from the person or organization D Gored originating it. 0 Minor changes have beenmade to improve reprodUction quality. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC1 Points of view or opinions statedin this 1 document do not necessarilyrepresent official OERI position or policy.

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4/ Association of America Member fir Winner of a 1998 gen I. Of Parents' Choice - 16,49,jef3, dal" . Silver Honor Award *VW. CITY 1h . I - - EDITOR: Millie K. Frese PUBLICATIONS DIRECTOR: Shaner Magalhaes 4 ILLUSTRATION: Mary Moye-Rowley - -- CONSULTING EDITORS: Mary Evans, Dear14ac1r5, Education Specialist, and Timothy Watch, Director, Presidential Library Herbert Hoover's commitment to children and education lives on today. and Museum, West Branch; and Ellis W. Hawley, professor of history emeritus, There are 59 schools named after Hoover located from Massachusetts to University of Iowa.

California. Twelve schools named in honor of the thirty-first president of CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Ben Butler. Nancy Colbert, Jill Esbaum, Sarah Frese, Katherine 16 the United States are in Iowa, Hoover's boyhood home. Discussing this issue House, and Delia Ray. of The Goldfinch with a few students at Herbert Hoover Elementary in Iowa EDUCATORS' ADVISORY BOARD: Carol Dighton, West Delaware Middle School, O City gave them a chance to reflect on their school's namesake. Manchester; Janice L. Gobble, Danville Elementary School, Danville; Valerie Kreutner, "It's neat to think that I go to a school that Herbert Hoover visited Black Hawk Elementary School, Burlington; and Clen A. Lincoln, Fair Oaks Middle School. Owhen it first opened," said Caroline Howard, a fifth grader. "I like to think Fort Dodge.

about him standing in my classroom or maybe walking up and down the STUDENT ADVISORY BOARD: Ben Butler, Cedar Rapids; Stephen Frese, Marshalltown; hallways." Emily Johnson, Fort Dodge; Jessica Myers, Coralville; and Katie Zittergruen, Van Horne. Kerry Kamber, a recent graduate of Hoover Elementary, commented, PHOTO CREDITS: All photos, unless o"I walked past his picture at the front entrance of our school almost every otherwise noted, are courtesy of the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum. day for seven years. I'd like to read more about him." Jay N. "Ding" Darling cartoons used by aThis issue traces the lives of Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover.through permission.

their childhood years in Iowa, education, careers, world travels, efforts to The Goldfinch (ISSN 0278-0208) is published three times each school year by the State Historical Society III. feed hungry kids in 5elgium during World War I, the presidency, Great of Iowa, 402 Iowa Avenue. Iowa City, Iowa 52240- 1806 (319/335-3916). Second-class postage paid at CDepression, and beyond. You'll also meet an Iowa author who wrote a Iowa City, Iowa. Subscriptions are $9.95 per year. Postmaster: Send address changes to: Carol Carey, biography of First Lady Lou Henry Hoover for kids. See if you can figure subscriptions coordinator, The Goldfinch, State Historical Society of Iowa, 402 Iowa Avenue. Iowa out the meanings of political cartoons and try exercising the Hoover Way! City, Iowa 52240-1806. State Historical Society of Iowa, 1999. No portion of The Goldfinch may be 41 reproduced without prior permission except for The c1itor classroom use. The Goldfinch is also available on cassette tape for those with visual impairments, V.S. Is your school named after someone famous? Is it named after physical disabilities, and learning disabilities. For more information contact the Iowa Department for someone from your community? Find out, then share your school story with the Blind, 1-800-362-2587. Or write to the Iowa Department for the Blind Library, 524 4th St.. The Goldfinch. Des Moines 50309. --_ 2 The Goldfinch BEST COPY AVAILABLE Herbert,Hoover is the only United 000 .StateS Presidentso farto be borrfinloWa. Learn more about him in this issue of Getting to know Herbert Clark Hoover The Goldfinch! SLouHenry Hoover

I Meet an Iowa Author

I 2The Great Depression

III 3A Different Kind of Coupon

II The President's Mountain School C10111)4k,

NotiK% SWhereare the Books?

ti 241,Quaker Traditions Across Generations

MO"DearMr. Hoover" Letters from Children to the President

ISPeekinto Lou Henry Hoover's Scrapbooks Political Cartoons:Whatdo theymean?

9 WhatIf You Were In Charge of a Museum? HooverPresidential Herbert at: Visit the web site Be a History Detective Libraryand Museum 20 Who's With Hoover? http:11www.hoovennara.gov 23 take aquiz galleries, Exercising the Hoover Way Tourthemuseum the "Just 30 life, andcheck out onHoover's forKids" page. The Goldfinch 3

BFRT COPY AVAILABLE erert Clark Hoover ; HerbertHoover was a famousand wealthy engineer when World War I stranded 120,000 Americans in Europe. Unprepared for the conse- quences of a war, they were trapped on the wrong side of the Atlantic. "I did not realize it at the moment, but on Hoover, who lived in London at the time, August 3, 1914, my engineering careerwas over received an urgent request from the U.S. Ambas- forever," Hoover said. "I was on the slippery road sador to Britain to help the Americans get home. of public life." Within 24 hours, Hoover and his wife, Lou, Hoover's career in public service begins organized 500 volunteers who distributed food, here, but the story of his life doesn't begin with clothing, steamer tickets, and cash to desperate fame and wealth. He was born in a two-room travelers. cottage by the Wapsinonoc Creek in West

Herbert Clark Hoover was Entered Stanford born in West University in 1891 and Branch, Iowa. graduated in 1895.

_Hoover moved to ca. 1882Hoover spent nine months with Oregon,-where he- ;,,;.;=-'--;-% his aunt and uncle, Agnes and Laban I Attended Friends :f on the Osage Reservation in Indian Territory. Pacific Academy in Newburg. He did not Hoover at 4The Goldfinch attend high school: Stanford 1.0 4/...tnecA os;1.4,;/.. 6 16*,, BEST COPY AVAILAR Branch, Iowa, on August 10, 1874. He hadan pneumonia and typhoid fever. Herbert Hoover older brother, Theodore (knownas Tad), and a was only nine years old. younger sister, Mary (known as May). Herbert's Now orphans, Bertie, Tad, and May were nickname was Bertie. separated to live with different relatives. Herbert The Hoover children loved to hike, explore, lived on a farm near West Branch with his Uncle swim, fish, and hunt for fossils and agates in the 's family for abouta year, then gravel along the railroad tracks. They hunted boarded a train hound for Oregon. Hewas 11 years rabbit and prairie chicken with bows andarrows old. Two climes were sewn into his clothes and he and made their own fishing poles with willow carried a basket of food prepared by his aunt. branches, butcher string, and hooks that costa Hoover spent six years in Oregon living penny apiece. with his Uncle Henry Minthorn. "My boyhood Hoover's father, Jesse, was a blacksmith. "I ambition was to be able to earnmy own living carry the brand of Iowa," Hoover once said, without the help of anybody, anywhere," he said. recalling the time when, at age five, he walked He learned bookkeeping and typing in his barefoot into his father's shop. He steppedon a uncle's real estate office and attended business glowing ember and had a scaron the bottom of school in the evening. his foot for the rest of his life. In 1891, Hoover entered Jesse Hoover died in 1880 at the age of 34. in Palo Alto, . He starteda laundry Hoover's mother. Hu lda, wasvery active in service for students to earn money forroom and the town's Quaker congregation. She taught her board. He also did odd jobs for his geology children to value education, hard work, plain professor and got a summer job mapping the living, and thrift. After Jesse's death, Hulda terrain in the Ozark Mountains in Arkansas. earned money working as a seamstress. She also Hoover played shortstop on the Stanford traveled and spoke at Quaker meetings and baseball teamuntil his teammates suggested revivals throughout Iowa. In 1884, she died of he'd make a better manager. He arrangedgames,

Married Lou Henry in Worked in China as a consultant Herbert California. to the Chinese government in Hoover developing mines. The Tang Jr.(right) Sang mine in northern china is born in pictured below. London.

Allan Hoover (left) born in London. The Goldfinch 3 9.E.ST COPY AVAI LAB raised money for uniforms and equipment, and mended Hoover for a position with the British collected 25 cents each from townspeople who mining firm of Bewick, Moreing and Company. came to watch Stanford play ball. Under Hoover's Soon Hoover was sailing for London, thenon to management, the team saved so muchmoney Australia. He traveled inland to Coolgardie, which that Stanford could afford a football team. They Hoover described as a place full of "red dust, chose Hoover to manage that, too. Once, 20,000 black flies, and white heat." His job: to sample, people showed up to watcha game, but there survey, and evaluate mines that were offered to were only 15,000 seats. But Hoover had a bigger his firm for purchase. problem: Californians didn'tuse much paper When the mining company offered Hoovera money. Most of the fans paid for their tickets in position in Chinaand a raiseHoover cabled silver and gold. Hoover hurried to nearby houses his college sweetheart, Lou Henry, witha pro- to borrow dishpans to hold all themoney. The posal of marriage. He traveled to China byway of next clay, Hoover helped carry washtubs filled California, where he stopped long enough for with over $30,000 in coins to the bank. their wedding. After the ceremony, Herbert and Hoover graduated from Stanford in 1895 Lou Henry Hoover boarded a train that took them with a degree in geology. Hewas 20 years old to the ship on which they'd sail to China. with $40 in his pocket when he got his first job Hoover learned a lot about technology and shoveling ore in a California mine earning $2 for management in Australia. He put this knowledge to every ten-hour shift. good use in China, where he managed mines, dealt Hoover worked his way to the top of his with major economic problems, and helped foreign profession. A typing job for Louis Janin,an expert families in China survive the Boxer Rebellion. on western mining, led to Hoover's appointment Between 1901 and 1912, the Hoover family as assistant manager of the Steeple Mine at (which grew to include two sons) circled the globe Carlisle, New Mexico. In 1896, Janinrecom- five times. He started his owncompany in 1908, and established a home base for his family in London.

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The Hoovers traveled all over the world. Hoover inspects European Relief Council Supplies, Suez Canal 1. January, 1921. 3 The Goldfinch Helping stranded travelers at the beginning food by 15% without rationing so that the U.S. could of World War I set Herbert and Lou Hoover's supply American and other Allied armies with food. public life in motion. His next task: to feed the Hoover became Secretary of Commerce nation of Belgium during the war. Germany was after Warren G. Harding was elected president in occupying the tiny country, which relied on 1920 and remained in this position under Presi- imports for food. Wartime blockades prevented dent . food from getting to starving people. Hoover had In 1928, Herbert Hooverwas elected Presi- to find enough food to feed 10 million people dent of the United States. every day. He needed money to pay for the food, Seven months after Hoover's inauguration, trucks and ships to carry it, and volunteers to the stock market crashed. The Great Depression distribute it fairly. Hoover did not accept a salary had begun. One of the most popular presidents for his work with the Committee for Relief of ever elected, people lost confidence in Hoover Belgiumin fact, he never accepted payment for because of the economic crisis. To learn more any public service position he held. Even as about the Great Depression, what caused it, and president, he donated the salary he earned to how the nation got through it, turn to page 12. charity. Hoover was defeated for reelection by When the United States entered World War I inFranklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and the Hoovers 1917, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hooverreturned to the home they had built on the Stanford as the U.S. Food Administrator. Hoover called on University campus. But his election defeat was not Americans to voluntarily conserve food. This the end of his work. "No former President can, or became known as "Hooverizing." His slogan was should cease from public service," Hoover wrote "Food Will Win the War," and his programs, accord- while answering a child's letter. Turn to page 13 to ing to Hoover Library sources, reduced domestic learn more about Hoover's work in the years consumption of following his presidency...

Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and AN \OREHAN, A PRESIDENT OP Museum Herbert Hoover died io TRN AT \\I\ UHRED,STATES dedicated. at the age of 90. 54

On March 4, Headed first 1929, Herbert Hoover Hoover was Commission inaugurated as the for President 31st president of Truman. the United,',States; The Goldfinch 7 While such things an possible there is nothing very wrong with eer gauntry. BEST COPY AVAILABLE another. Lou com- pleted her studies and became the first woman in the United States to graduate with a degree in ge- ology. When Bert sent a telegram pro- posing marriage, Lou responded with a one-word tele- by Nancy A. Colbert gram: Yes. After their wed- ding, Lou and Bert When Lou Henry Hoover left for China. Bert was a young girl in Iowa, she worked as a mining never dreamed that someday she engineer and Lou would travel the world and even- immersed herself tually become First Lady of the in the culture and United States. At the time Lou learned to speak was born in Waterloo, Iowa, on Chinese. They lived March 29, 1874, girls usually in China, Australia, grew up learning to do the things Burma, Egypt, and their mothers did. But Lou's fa- England. Two sons ther, Charles Henry, believed born to the Hoovers Lou Henry is-dressed for ice skating girls could do anything boys in Waterloo, Iowa, 1884. traveled along. could do. He and Lou tramped The Hoovers fields and woods, sometimesLater she enrolled at Stanford Uni-were living in London when camping overnight, with Mr.versity to study geology. World War I began. With the Ger- Henry pointing out birds, ani- At Stanford, Lou becameman invasion, famine spread, es- mals, plants, and rocks. good friends with a fellow studentpecially across Belgium. The At- When Lou was 13, her familyin geology. His name was Herbertlantic Ocean bristled with warring moved to Whittier, California. She"Bert Hoover. When Bert gradu-ships, but Lou crossed to seek graduated from State Normalated and left to work as a mininghelp in America. Later, when Bert School and planned to be a teacher.engineer, they wrote letters to oneheaded the U.S. Food Administra- 8 The Goldfinch 0 tion, Lou encouraged people toin athletic programs. "Put the funbanded birds. eat wheatless and meatless mealsback into sports," she said. The Hoovers came to the to conserve food during the war. Lou was a devoted mother, praised and loved, Americans tried to "Hooverize,"strong social worker, anda realbut less than eight months after following Lou's example to usecompanion to her husband. WhenHerbert Hoover became Presi- less wheat, meat, and sugar. Herbert Hooverwas electeddent, the world economy crashed. Lou organized dinnersPresident of the United States inThe Great Depression hit the where plain food was servedon1928, she pitched in to work withAmerican people and millions lost tin plates, with an empty highhim to conserveresources andeverything they had. While Bert chair to symbolize the "Invisiblepreserve national parks and wild-battled the economic crisis, Lou Guest," a hungry child. One nightlife refuges. While he created birdhelped thousands of families who at a banquet in New York City, Lousanctuaries, Lou's Girl Scoutsturned to her. If no other forms raised $3 million for the hun- of assistance could gry. be found, Lou sent Lou noticed the Girl anonymous checks Scouts working for the war drawn from her per- effort, selling bonds and knit- sonal accounts. ting sweaters and socks for On January 7, soldiers. She joined their 1944, Lou died of a work and spent the rest of heart attack. Later her life serving the Girl Bert found her desk Scouts, including twice as na- filled with uncashed tional president and as leader checksrepayments of her own Senior Scouts. "I for the help she'd qui- was a Scout before the move- etly given to thou- ment ever started, when my sands of people. father took me fishing, camp- ing and hunting," she said. As vice president of the National Amateur Athletic `Lou Henry Federation, Lou promoted Hoover with her dog,Weegie. equal access for girls togyms and good coaches. She wanted all young people not just "stars"to take part

The Goldfinch 9 (wa-Authar:

by Ben Butler NancyColbert likes to write. She works in an upstairs bedroom filled with books and magazines in her Cedar Rapids, Iowa, home. She has published a book about Lou Henry Hoover, and is in the process of writing one on the battle of Fort Sumter. What inspired you to write the book, Lou Henry Hoover: The Duty to serve?

When my five children were young, my husband and I took them to the Hoover Museum. Itwas just new then. While everyone else waslookingat President Hoover's things, I was looking at Mrs. Sen-Butler,!10;thiterliiewancyColbert, Hoover's things. She was suchan interesting ;author of,Lou HenryllooveriThe:DutyloServe. woman, and she did a lot, especially for young Museum. The Hoover Library isn't likean ordinary girls. I read a lot about her over theyears, and I library. You can't check things out andyou have to even went to see a play about her;called "First have special permission touse it. You can make Lady Lou." Then I started to do research, and I photocopies, though. The Hoover Library has all wrote to a publisher and asked if they would be kinds of interesting stuff, likesome of Lou's actual interested in a book on Mrs. Hoover. They said, school papers and old photographs. "Yes," so I wrote the book. How long did it take to research and writeit? What were some of your resources? I spent three months going to themuseum every The Hoover Museum was where I got most ofmy day, just like it was a job. And then Ispent nine information. The play I went to could certainly be more months writing my book. I also went back to called a resource. I got books from the library, the museum several times to check facts. although there weren'tmany on her. I got some books on her husband, and they usually had What was your favorite part of writing it? some information about her in them. I also went to the Hoover Library, which is inside the Hoover When I finished the first draft. 10 The Goldfinch .12 BEST COPYAVAILABLE noTAB Bo& Review What's the hardestpart of writing a book? by Sarah Frese, 12, who is 'Lou in 7th grade at Anson Middle School in Marshalltown. I think the rewriting. Usually when I write, I Henry overwrite. Sometimes I even have to cut a History is full of exciting book in half. When I wrote Lou Henry people and stories take Hoover: The Duty To Serve, it had 42,000 loe Lou Henry Hoover, for example. Lou grew up in words. Now it only has 21,000 words. eDury Waterloo, Iowa, beliving that girls could do Why did you choose to be a writer? V)SUW, anything boys could ti do, and she set out to I've always liked to write, it's something I can prove it. She liked do at home, and I'm just interested in all kinds hiking and camping, of things. I like to write stories the best, espe- and was the first cially science fiction stories. I like to read woman to graduate science fiction, too. from Stanford University with a degree in geology. She later What is the most important thing you think people married Herbert Hoover, and wherever his job took should know about the Hoovers? their family, she did whatever she could to help them get alongsuch as learning to speak I think the most important thing is that they really cared Chinese when they moved to China. She in turn about other people. For instance, when Mr. Hoover was taught the language to her husband. president, there was a Great Depression, which means When Herbert decided to run for president, Lou joined him in the campaign. He won, but do money lost its value. A lot of people lost their homes and you think Lou's work was over? Not yet! She went their jobs, and everyone blamed Mr. Hoover. They thought on to become the National President of the Girl he was a terrible man and that he had caused all this. But Scouts, helped start schools, and traveled around really he tried very hard to make things right, and Mrs. the country and the world helping people during Hoover gave away lots of her own money to people. the Great Depression. Sometimes books don't tell about women's What is your advice to kids who contributions to events in history. I liked this want to become writers? biography because it taught me about what a woman from Iowa did to help many people. Lou L\ Read. Iwas a very good reader when I Henri Hoover accomplished a lot. I recommend was young, and I think that's the best you read Nancy Golbert's book, Lou Henry Hoover, thing you can do. The Duty to Serve. BEST COPY AVAILABLE Ben Butler is a member of The Goldfinch student The Goldfinch 11 advisory board. He livps 49 Cedar Raiiids.3 *.af+4 President Hooverwas "swept into office by the greatest landslide in American politics," said a radio announcer covering Hoover's inauguration. He came to office brimming with ideas to improve housing, child health, and education. He calleda special session of Congress to help American farmers who had not shared in the overall prosperity of the country in the 1920s. Hoover also warned against wild spendingon the stock market. Investors usually buy stock (shares ina As food administrator during Wolrcl War I, Hoover urged business) in a company so that, as the businessgrows and expands, they will receive dividends (shares of farmers to produce more food tosupport U.S. troops business profits). In 1929, people weremore eager and allied armies during thewar. Farmers apt than ever to buy stocks. The buyingcraze pushed producing extra food after thewar even after demand prices higher and higher. People borrowedmoney to dropped off and there wereno buyers. The supply of buy stocks. Then, instead of waiting to makemoney food was greater than The demand,so prices plunged, through dividends, they sold the stock fora quick making it difficult for farmers to make a living. During profit as soon as the stock price wentup. Banks also the depression, many were forced to haveauctions to sell speculated in the stock market, using their deposi- their farms. tors' money. Wild speculation causes stock prices to inflate shops, forcing factories to produce less. Cutting like a bubble. If investors getnervous and sell their production in factories meant cutting jobs. People stocks, the bubble bursts, causingmany people and couldn't find new jobs since almost all businesseswere banks to lose the money they have invested. affected. People who worked in agriculture were That's what happened on October 29, 1929, just already struggling; the depression only made itworse. seven months after Hoover took office. Everyone who Millions of people across the country turned to had been frantically buying stocks wanted desperately the president for help. Angry, debt-ridden, and hungry, to sell them. More than 16 million shareswere sold in they blamed Hoover for the state of the economy. one day as people who bought stocks at high prices Tired of the depression and angered by the sold them for much less. People who had borrowed slowness of the recovery, American voters did not money to buy stocks couldn't pay the money back. elect Hoover to a second term in the presidential Banks that invested other peoples' savingswere election of 1932. There were 12 million peopleunem- ruined. Known as Black Tuesday, thiswas the start of ployed and 18 million on relief when the depression the Great Depression. reached its lowest point in March, 1933. Manufactured goods piledup because people The depression ended Hoover's presidency, but stopped buying, either because they hadno money or it didn't end his role as a public servant. After leaving because they were afraid to spend whatmoney they the White House, he became chairman of the board of had left. Store owners couldn't sell the things in their Boys' Clubs of Americaa cause he served formore 12 The Goldfinch reliefgovernrnerrt 01,1 topriva-fe 14 ,-110 cannot. #herw;se maintainThemselves.

BESTCOPYAVAILABLE than 25 years. When war broke out in Europe as Hitler In 1947, Congress asked Hoover to study the invaded Poland, Hoover, as a private citizen, estab- reorganization of the executive branch of the federal lished the Polish Relief Commission. For two years government to improve efficiency and eliminate waste. until World War II halted the private effortthe President Dwight Eisenhower asked Hoover to head a commission fed 200,000 children in the German- similar commission during his presidency. Hoover occupied territory of Poland. For the duration of the advised presidents, wrote books and articles, and war, Hoover led another relief committee that fed the made public appearances. A reporter who visited European countries of Belgium, Holland, Finland, and Hoover's office in 1960 couldn't believe the former Poland. president still worked 8 to 12 hours each day. After all, After the war famine threatened Europe again. In commented the reporter, the former president was 86 1946, President Harry Truman asked Hoover to head years old. "Yes," replied one of Hoover's secretaries, the President's Famine Emergency Committee. He "but lie doesn't know that." organized a plan to deal with the crisis, visiting 25 Hoover died on October 30, 1964. A Quaker countries in 57 days. friend said of Hoover in a eulogy. "He has worked hard; he has been very brave; he has endured." A Different Kind of Coupon by Jill Esbaum

Hasyour town ever issued its own money system? -That's what initialed by the owner. Then the scrip could be used as money to happened in some Iowa towns during the depression of the buy items at Humboldt businesses. tcpos. The first scrip issued in Grinnell, Soo worth, was given to Beginning in September and October of Icol, money 5c1 men in payment for cutting 52 tons of wood. The wood was disappeared at an astounding rate. P1/4hugequantity of gold,$30 then donated to the poor. In this way, the city was able to help million worth per day,was leaving the United States. 5aa after many more families than dust those of the men who worv:ed. bad: failed,helped along by the fact that frightened people How did your town help its citizens during the depression? hoarded paper money and coins at the rate of $25 million per day! Main Streetin Humboldt, People weresoon forced to return to a barter ca. 1920 system.Businesses and professional citizens alive traded goods and services, much 4e their ancestors. Individual towns sometimes adopted their own money system. In Humboldt, for instance, men were hired to clean streets, repair water hydrants, and do other odd Sobs. The men were then paid with coupons, called scrip, which were made out in the amount of $1 each. The holder of the coupon had to attach a 2.-cent stamp tothe backof the scrip, which was dated and

BEST COPY AVAILABLE ;r5 catavymean?

Rolitical cartoons offer a special kind of histori- Jay N. "Ding" Darling was an Iowa editorial cal record. They are drawn by artists who inter- cartoonist whose work appeared daily on the pret and comment on current events. Sometimes front page of for almost they're funny, sometimes serious. Sometimes three decades. He won the Pulitzer Prize twice for they capture a stinging truth. Cartoonists draw editorial cartooning. Working in the same era as pictures charged with ideas and attitudes, gettingHerbert Hoover, Darling's cartoons mirrored the to the heart of complex issues in a small space episodes and stages of Hoover's career. with few words. Study the following cartoons and see if you can figure out Darling's message in each one. +

-..'./ Hoover's career as a mining engineer then as administrator of relief programs in /74--iii ;, .c. F. \ \\N Belgium kept him overseas. As he became a v. wi f prominent figure in American politics, people wondered about his party affiliation. Would he be a Republican or a Democrat? Both parties wanted to claim Hoover, as this cartoon from January 29, 1920, suggests. What symbols did Darling use to convey his amusement with the squabble over Hoover's party affiliation? What are the two meanings of "party line" that drive home the point of this cartoon?

, grand- Ask yourparents, Need somehelp? helpunderstanding teachersfor or used inpolit parents, words upthe term theideas or look One of those "party line" conversations., rthiscartoon, starters! cartoons. for line" inthedictionary 14 The Goldfinch 16 "party Can% r arcs C.70711D AtsourADozEN. A SKIL.E1) EXPERW , TO TAKE kl Hoover served as Secretary of Commerce for eight years PLACE OF Ro ova under U.S. Presidents Harding and Coolidge. He developed APPLY us' foreign markets for American products, worked to eliminate covEr,

0 industrial waste of time, money, and resources, and led efforts to standardize thousands of consumer items such as nuts and bolts, paper, tires, plumbing supplies, and window frames. Hoover worked with the Bureau of Standards, which researched safety standards in items such as elevators and auto brakes. Regulation of radio and the airways was part of Hoover's job, too. He was 5iCIZEIAFC1 instrumental in developing the Air Commerce Act, which O "i'llammvitino..111:11} established safety codes and regulations for the nation's aviation industry. And when the Mississippi River flooded in 1927, driving more than a million people from their homes, Hoover headed relief efforts. Hoover was running for president when this cartoon was published on July 23, 1928, How does Darling's cartoon illustrate Hoover's accomplishments?

When Hoover turns in his resignation. NOT OINIE RITE TILLYou WASH I Patronagethe power to control who is UP, appointed to government positionswas one of the problems facing Hoover after his election. In this cartoon, published on March 28, 1929-25 days after Hoover's inaugurationDarling uses elements of a traditional feast to symbolize political power. As president, it was Hoover's job to "fill the plates" or distribute the power as he filled positions in his administration. Political appointments were often granted as a reward to friends or political allies. Did Darling think Hoover planned to continue this method of handing out jobs in his administration? How does this cartoon illustrate Hoover's desire to clean things up?

A long needed admonition.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE OL by Delia Ray

n August of 1929, President Hoover received anThe nearest one, he said, was over ata place unexpected gift for his 55th birthday. The called Dark Hollow and much too far to walk to Hoovers had been spending the weekend with every day. several close friends at Camp Rapidan, their The Hoovers were dismayed that these fishing retreat in the of children, living only 100 miles from the nation's Virginia. They were gathered outside, enjoying capital, could have been so overlooked. They the peaceful woodland setting, whena young sprang into action, raising funds to build a one- mountain boy emerged from the forest. Hewas room schoolhouse on the mountainside above carrying an old soap box covered in chicken wire.Camp Rapidan. The boy shyly introduced himselfas Ray Mrs. Hoover and her secretaries conducteda Buraker, then opened his box and presented the vigorous nationwide search for a teacher, agreeing President with a birthday gifta babypossum. upon a bright young woman from rural Kentucky The Hoovers struckup a conversation with named Christine Vest. By February of 1930, dozens the boy. When the president asked where he of journalists were making their wayup the wind- attended school, Ray replied that he and hissevening, snow-covered roads to report on the opening brothers and sisters hadnever gone to school. day of the President's Mountain School. 16 The Goldfinch 1) 1 8 "Ray Buraker," onenewspaper reported, for the first time, the merry-go-round, turkey-geese, "got up at 5 o'clock this morning to he the firstto had red lemonade and carried balloons homer arrive for the opening of the Hoover School and With the Hoovers' nurturing, the school was so excited that he forgot to eat breakfast." gradually acquired a life of itsown and remained Despite their demanding schedules, the open after the president left office in 1932. Yet, life Hoovers followed the children'sprogress closely in the Blue Ridge changed permanently when the over the next few years. Lou Henry Hoover Shenandoah National Parkwas established visited whenever she could, often bringinga several years later. Ray Buraker's family and picnic lunch to share with the children underthe others living around Camp Rapidanwere forced shade of the oak tree in the school yard. to move to homes down in the valley to make Donations of the finest school supplies room for the park. arrived from the White House regularly. And Many years later, Miss Vest recorded her when the Madison County Fair opened in the fond memories of the President's Mountain Shenandoah River Valley each autumn, the School: "I often wonder," she wrote, "what [the Hoovers sent money for Miss Vest to take her children's] lot would have been if they hadnot whole class. For most of the children, itwas their had all this preparation before leaving their first trip off the mountain. mountain. Because of the school, theywere able "The fair is over...and we hada wonderful day,"to take their place in a normal way andmany have Miss Vest wrote in one of her weekly lettersto the done very well and have nice homes and fine White House. "We saw alligators, cow-boys, ponies families of their own today." f 1 Miss Vest and her , F' students pose for A"T: ;-41, 4&44, a photograph at .b4,1 im'eft the Madison

.., . 4....,:t t County, Virginia, ' , V , tik '":.* ','k;)'''Sk.:7fi Fair. Ray Buraker, c , ,., . . .- ,,,, , ,4, "the possum boy," s -tt-f is near the back.

'S.

The Goldfinch 17 ' . ..4

, ` WHERE ARE THE BOOKS? Whatyouwill (and I'vw findin a presidential library!

Most people think of a library as a place to bor-be openand invitingto all, so he called it the row books, tapes, and other resources. Go to a presi-"Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library." dential library and you're in for a surprise. You'll Since that time, nine more presidential librar- tour a museum, dig in to some hands-on exhibits,ies have opened, including Herbert Hoover's in see a film, conduct 1962. Each year, research in the ar- more than 1.3 mil- chives, attend a lion people of all workshop, or buy a ages visit presiden- souvenir in the gift tial librariesand no shop. one complains about But you may not being able to bor- not seeand you row books! won't check out any books! ST THE FACTS Franklin D. Presidential librar- Rooseveltestab- ies are like time cap- lished the first presi- sules. Inside, you'll dential library in find important docu- 1939. He thought it ments, records, and was important for a letters. These are president's papers to called the "Presiden- be preserved and Herbert Hoover attended the dedication ofhis tial Papers." You'll made available to the presidential library on August 10, 1962. alsofindphoto- people. Roosevelt graphs, films, and didn't call it a "presidential archive" because hewastapes of speeches and press conferences. Campaign afraid people wouldn't visit a place with suchan aca-buttons and posters, gifts given to the President and demic-sounding name. He wanted the institution toFirst Family, and other items that help people learn 18 The Goldfinch 2 0 WHAT IF YOU WERE IN about a president and theHOOVER? CHARGE OF A MUCEUM? time in which he lived are also on display. NMIWhat itemswould you keep and display to illustrate The Hoover Library is the small- someone's life? est of the presidential libraries. At 47,000 square feet, it contains 8 milliondocuments.Ronald Reagan's library is one of the larg- Here are some questions that visitors to your museum might est at 124,000 square feet. It con- ask. What other things do you think they'd want to know? tains over 47 million documents. 0 The number of visitors and re- searchers varies widely between DID THEIR

presidential libraries. riousE1-001'1-IKE' 1111 Since1962,the otv Hoover Library has rta _LiAL' served more than L _ 2.6 million visitors ("ANDzinitke)and 2,200 scholars. DID THEY %,( 0 Presidents raise HAVE KIDS? the money needed to (Lou designed this one on the Stanford campus!) build their libraries. The federal government becomes respon- DID THEYLIKEANIMALS? sible for the administration and operation of the libraries after they are built. Presidential libraries reflect the personalities of the presi- dents they honor. At the Hoover li- brary, for ex- fi (Hoover wasn't ample, you'll WHATDID THEY learn that the fond of horses!) DO FORFUN? president loved If you were president, what papers would you want preserved dogs, didn't really in your archive? What items would you want to have on care for horses, and display in your museum? that the Hoovers collected Chinese porcelain. BEST COPY AVAILABLE1 2i Turit the paw-to,discover a few of the treasures you.'II f irk!' of the Hoover Birthplace and Presi'clentlal library. IIa?

BEST COPY AVAILABLE sce? rf Lite ritif8AfellierbertHoover Birthplace and Presidentiallibrary 11V-hen Herbert Hooverwas born in 1874, West Branch was a growing community witha popula- tion of 350. People in West Branch dependedon farming for their livelihood. Those who did not farm operated businesses that supported farming.For example, Hoover's father, Jesse, operateda blacksmith shop and latera farm implement store. Visit the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site today and you step back in time, experiencing lifein a 19th-century midwestern farm community. Step into the Library and Museum and gaina better understanding of the life and times of America's 31st president. Here are some of the things you'llsee. Can you identify them? In the Birthplace Cottage... The 14x20-foot cottage where Herbert Hooverwas born seems small by today's standards. The entire family slept in one room. Bert and his older brother, Theodore, slept together in a special type of furniture designed to conserve space. What is it? Blacksmith 5hop... When Bert was a young boy, his father owned a blacksmith shop. The blacksmith formed horseshoes, hooks Like other Iowa families of and household items from red-hot iron. their day, the Hoovers had a To keep the fire burning, the summer kitchen on the back blacksmith used an oversized version porch. In warm months, the of an item still found in houses with stove was located there to fireplaces. What is it? keep the home cooler. The kitchen was equipped with many tools that would seem foreign in your home. One of these tools was used to chop up the main ingredient of a popular German dish. What is it? 20 The Goldfinch Schoolhouse... Portraits of two famous presidents hang on the front wall Each wooden in the schoolhouse (below). To the , desk in the I left of the teacher's desk is a schoolhouse portrait of George Washington. To has a hole in the right is a portrait of the 16th one corner. president. Who was he? What's it for? Quaker Meetinghouse... 1 1 1

The object above, t. taken from a real horse, hangs from a beam in the black- smith shop just as it would hang from a Each Quaker meetinghouse horse. What is it? How had two doors. Why? did the blacksmith use it? The Library... Letters from schoolchildren who were special to Mr. and Mrs. Hoover are stored in the Presidential Library. Do you know where these children went to school?

Hoover's family worshiped in this -Nc The library contains items related to Lou Henry Hoover's simple building. Instead of pews, work with this organization for the Quakers sat on these seats girls. What is it? (Hint: the group which might remind you of bleachers is famous for the cookies its in a gym. What are they? members sell.), The Goldfinch 21 2,3 Herbert Hoover Presidential klus

Nuggets of this valuable mineral This ball was signed by members were taken from of Hoover's Cabinet who played a mines in Australia. game with him on the South Lawn What is it? of the White House. What's the game called?

1) " 2 8. Long wooden benches. These undoubtedly LU Answers: were uncomfortable during lengthy meetings, as the cn Quaker worship service was called. 0 1. A trundle bed. During the day, it was 9. Near Camp Rapidan, the Hoovers' retreat z rolled under the parents' bed. Baby sister Mary in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. When the cc

co>- slept in a cradle. Hoovers discovered that the children in this poor, co 2. A kraut cutter for making sauerkraut. rural area did not have a place to attend school. the The Hoovers grew cabbage in their vegetable Hoovers paid for a school to be built and hired a 17- garden. To operate this 19th century food teacher. The library's collection includes blueprints 0 processor, a head of cabbage was placed in the of the school, photos of the children and teacher, it square wooden box of the cutter. Then the box and correspondence with the teacher. u) UJ could be moved back and forth, and a blade LU UJ 10. The Girl Scouts. Founder Juliette Low 11CC 0> chopped the cabbage. asked Mrs. Hoover to lead a Washington, D.C., Girl w 0 -J 3. Bellows. As this tool is opened and Scout troop. Mrs. Hoover headed up the troop in -J 2 ES closed, a strong current of air is forced through 1917-18 and later served in regional and national the end, stoking the flames. positions within the Girl Scouts until her death in N 4. A horse tail. It was used to calm a 1944. N-1 >- horse while it was being shod. 11. Gold. Long before he was president, 0c-i 5. Abraham Lincoln. Hoover said later in Hoover worked as a mining engineer. He rode CO0L.) w life that Lincoln was his idol. 2CD around Western Australia on a camel in search of w 6. A bottle of ink fits in the hole. Students veins to mine. He discovered the source of these 00 ecz dipped their metal-tipped pens in ink. nuggets. >- 7. One for the men and the other for 12. . A doctor developed the game >- O 0 women. An interior partition divided the I-- to help President Hoover stay fit. Read all about it 020 2 worshippers, so the men and women entered beginning on page 30. cn0- 0- through separate doors.

BEST COPYAVAILABLE '.zecer"

4EN The person shown with President Hoover in this photo is out of uniform. This "Sultan of Swat" hit 714 home runs in 22 big league seasons and, in 1927, set the home run record of 60 in a 154-game season. Who is he? I

Thisspinach-eating cartoon characterput his raising musclesinto money forthewar effort duringWorld War II.Whois he?

Herbert Hoover lost his bid for reelection in 1932. In this photo, President Hoover is riding with the president-elect to the inauguration ceremony on March 4, 1933. Can you name the president-elect? The Goldfinch 23 25 -4.

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by Katherine House

hen Herbert Hoover wrote about his child-Branch Friends Meeting Conservative, because, hoo s,he always mentioned the influence of his"We don't believe that we have to go througha per- Quaker faith. In his Memoirs, he recalled how diffi-son with special training to speak to God, like a pas- cult it was to sit still in the meetinghouse, wheretor or minister or rabbi," Ryan explained. "We be- Quakers worshiped in silence. Hoover wrote,lieve that everyone has a part of God inside of "Those who are acquainted with the Quaker faith,them." and who know the primitive furnishing of the Quakerism is a Christian religion founded in Quaker meeting-house, the solemnity of the longEngland in the mid-17th century. The officialname hours of meeting awaiting the Spirit to movesome-for the religion is the Society of Friends. The nick- one, will know the intense repression upon a ten-name "Quaker" originated because its followers year-old boy who might not even count his toes." were said to tremble or quake with religious zeal. Thirteen-year-old Ryan Howe of West BranchFounders of Quakerism protested the formal nature understands. Ryan attends unprogrammedor silentof established religion. Instead, they believed that Quaker worship services similar to theones Hooverthey could experience God in their lives without attended approximately 120 years ago. As inclergy, fancy church buildings or other symbols, Hoover's day, there is no minister at the Westsuch as crosses or steeples. 24 The Goldfinch .4.6 "Sometimes if you're willed to speak [at meet-all aspects of their lives. Early proponents of equal- ing], you can talk about a problem or a concern ority for all people, Quakers often assisted escaped something you feel you need to say," explains Ryan.slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad. "You have to come to a couple meetings for wor-Many Friends continue to be committed to pacifism, ship before you can even remotely understand it."education, and humanitarian programs. Today, some branches of the Societof Historians often debate the impact Quakerism Friends have pastors. Other aspects had on Hoover. Yet many agree his hu- of Quakerism have changed, too. manitarian efforts had their Originally, Quakers did not use roots in the Quaker faith in- common names for days of the stilled in him by his parents in week. That's because some days 17, West Branch. In fact, Hoover en- (and months) were named after ft;; listed the help of fellow Quakers Norse or Roman gods. The Quak- 1-* in the American Friends Service ers gave each day of the week and Committee to help feed children month a number instead of a in Europe and to provide relief in name. Sunday was First Day, impoverished regions of the United and January was First Month, States. As Secretary of Commerce, for example. Until earlier in this Hoover initiated standardization pro- century, many Quakers used grams that improved efficiencies and RyanHowe "plain speech"the terms Branch , 1.3, of eliminated waste, another core belief , West "thou" or "thee" for "you," Quaker,Iowa, attends of Quakers. similar p services and "thy" for "your." When to the Friends believe in equality for all Hoover ones Hoover attended meeting, attended Herbert people, so it is not surprising that the Years there men sat on one side of the ago. .120 Hoovers invited the wife of a black con- meetinghouse and women gressman for tea at the White House. on the other. Today, Ryan's family sits to- This gesture created an uproar in gether on benches more comfortable than the plain America decades before the civil rights wooden ones Hoover wrote about. These benchesmovement demanded equal rights for people of all have cushions and backs, Ryan said. races. When Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt Despite these changes, the core beliefs of theand others criticized Hoover and his presidency, Society of Friends endure. Friends have always be-someone asked Mrs. Hoover the effect of such talk lieved in living simple lives. When Hoover wason her husband. She responded, "Bert can take it young, this meant using plain speech and wearingbetter than most people because he has deeply simple clothing, including dark colored bonnets forengrained in him the Quaker feeling that nothing women. They emphasize honesty and integrity inmatters if you are right with God." +

The Goldfinch 25 Noo Hoover: Dear President My Dadthinks you arethe Lettersfrom smartest livingpresident, so I would like tohave youropinion on this question:What are the Children chances of there everbeing a United womanpresident of the to the States? President Best wishes to you, Sincerely, Kathy Longafter Herbert Hoover left the White House, childrenwrote him letters. They wanted to know about his child- hood in Iowa and his presidency. They havenot often asked his opinionon things that Kathy: themen inthe MYdear the were important to themwhether itwas Asageneralization,ofgovernmentand good ajob years, how to becomea good citizen or how to too forty-seven in- done thelast arethereby find a dog. The letters reached him in women at worldforthe are a his apartment at the Waldorf Astoria chances if you to you thirtyyears Hotel in New York creased. wishes about even when they were Withgood addressed to the "Walled Off Hotel." forPresident candidate Some of the letters and Mr. Hoover's hence. responses were collected ina book called On Growing Up. Below is a sam- Hoover: Dear Mr. of Iowa in pling of letters included in that book. I am studyingfamous people They are reprinted with permission like to know alittle of of :'school and would times you the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library childlife in Iowaand other your be most have spent inIowa. I would Association Inc. in West Branch. information or even a grateful for any send me. letter youwould be able to

26 The Goldfinch Yours truly, Susie

BEST COPY AVAILABLE HerbertHoover My dearSusie: Honorable Iowa, myrecollec- Hotel As ayoungster in sliding Walled Off of the wintersnows, N.Y. tions are sled, New York, down hills onahomemade searching thewoods trappingrabbits, Plus doingthe household for nuts. growingstrone: and farmchores. And Dear Sir: cooking. We have on myaunt's good liked dogs. I read you with ayard. moved into ahouse have adog. like to Mother saysI can do youthink whatit was of a dog Hoover:tell me greatnation? What kind I get DearM. please our your best kind.Where can you ofheadinglikeduring is the dollars. Wouldburdon States dog? I havesaved two the United a carrywasthe What and rnYhighest term? verymuch Yourfriend, you American. Thankto agreat yours, Michael regards RespectfullyJacque

Dear Jacque: gracious 1" am indeedobliged for your questions: ------, expressions. As to your far During my termthe people were best of a world- oveY- subjected to thegreat trial gtcliktel: 0,11 which swept over us eal' 0°3 -A. wide depression retYieds to to l'tlzeOeylkave good, from Europe.We adopted measures desVeOfie founda- lzi,d. llarAe. prevent sufferingand laid the tlleytlle That recovery came olviongportafor fOtekS tions for recovery. the \ '9001' alongside the recoveryof the rest of ball. as by 1Ogg:stoloY, world but wassomewhat delayed goard:tos Nevertheless, 1-toWeveY, tlle oislz somefoolish legislation. lkoitedtoaod ft economic strengthof are Oe, the fundamental wittetaboo victorious overboth 'jolt yoo,soe:t America was -joor be kiNits World War of depression andthe Second twat tolri,elV 1:1;;:olg,"v000d,.. tiO tila:960::___,,ttlIce

The Goldfinch 27 9 agesOm ou's crapdooks

or a long time, few people other than her family and friends knew much aboutLou Henry - 1/4- - 4 Hoover. That was, in part, because theHoovers ",, were modest and private. In public, they :4nc:*."1,",..:-:- were formal, businesslike, and cool toward thepress, not wanting to trade privacy for good publicity. Lou was funny, compassionate, well-traveledand educated. She was a published author, spoke several languages, and designed their homeon the Stanford University campusyetshe ac- quired the public reputation of beingone of the nation's most dull and inaccessible firstladies. That image began to change in 1984when her papers were "opened" at the HooverPresi- dential Library. Herbert Hoover hadrequested that his wife's papers be sealed for 20years after his death. This meant thatno one could study her letters, journals, scrapbooks, and otherdocu- ments. Perhaps President Hoover wantedto protect the privacy of people mentioned inher letters. Maybe he didn't wantanyone to know Lou Henry Hoover at the presidential whom she helped financially duringthe depres- retreat at Camp Rapidan, Virginia, sion. But sealing herpapers meant it would be 40 August 19, 1932. The Hooverswere in years from when she died in 1944 until research- the midst of a presidential campaign ers could get to know the real Lou Henry Hoover. and the Great Depression. Reprinted here are a few items from theLou Henry Hooverpapers to help you get to know the First Lady from Waterloo, Iowa. 28 The Goldfinch 30 to hersons. LOUwrote from aletter This isapage j,e-',4'e:e.-7. (( 1 P I/61"14// ..,/ir:t--- 4-

,i,i,,, .1 7 .7,,i__. .. ", 4.?- " ct--.., _.,,,,,, ,,f I (7, jt. ,.AtG-t- , (-) .:9 ....14, ..y.,4,1,4"..."' 1 0 ' /7, /4ic...e...- fi,.-----,..,- ..--vm..., It/' ?I:C.:IA.' .4. .. 1 .71/lP /1.6.' , .(, pt . / / t i71,;4/_-_,--,( ..---- 7 When you're the First Lady of the

. --1,4.--- --/.. United States of America, you )7.,' ...5,.., t, C/L, ,. 4.- / e_,..,. never know what you might receive M/..((..-1 1- a-- c...,7 a,( ..44.,/-7-;,:.. as a gift! Lou Henry Hoover is \ holding a lion cub given to her on / the campaign trail. The cub was then given to a zoo.

67.7 / EST COPYAVAILABLE -1--Essas This drawing comes from one of Lou's sketch books'. -Goldfinch 29 [1z , CISA19 The by Katherine House resident Hoover exercisedevery morning when he lived at the White House. Unlike other chief executives, he did not jogor swim or play golf. Instead, he played Hoover-ball, a sport that combines elements of tennis, volley- ball, and medicine ball. The unusualgame was developed by Hoover's doctor to keep the presi- dent fit. During Hoover's presidency, Supreme Court L.. t- , justices, members of his Cabinet and other government officials gathered on the South Lawn of the White House for morninggames. They 3 *AM*, ,>- 7=e, I began playing at 7 a.m. and played (for 30 min- utes) every day except Sunday. They played regardless of snow or rain, although heavy rain forced them inside a handful of times. Thegroup President Hoover prepares to return became known as the "." the ball during one of the Hoover-ball gameson the White House lawn. Hoover-ball was inspired bya game of "bull- in-the-ring" that Hoover had played aboard the "more strenuous than either boxing, wrestlingor battleship Utah on his return froma trip to South football. It has the virtue of getting at nearly America in 1928. Sailors stood ina circle and every muscle in the body." threw a medicine ball from one player to the next, During Hoover's presidency, medicine ball while the "bull" in the center tried to intercept it. games were very popular. A reporter for the New A medicine ball is a weighted leather ball thatwas York Times Magazine wrote in 1931, "Everybody patented in the 1890s. may be playing it [Hoover-ball] next season." His In his Memoirs, Hoover wrote that Hoover- prediction proved incorrect. Hooverwas defeated ball "required less skill than tennis,was faster the following year in his bid for reelection, and the and more vigorous, and thereforegave more sport's popularity ended with Hoover's. In 1988, exercise in a short time." His friend Will Irwin however, the sport experienced a rebirth in West described the sport in a 1931 article for Physical Branch. Since then, a Hoover-ball tournament has Culture magazine titled `The President Watches been held annually in August in conjunction with His Waistline." He wrote that Hoover-ball is Hooverfest, a celebration of Hoover's life. 30 The Goldfinch (.0,61nel- a gr out° or ach:Isorz3 2 kutes + returns the ball to the wrong court area or Note: The rules have been adapted for Goldfinch readers. A returns it out of bounds. volleyball has been substituted for a 6-pound medicine ball. In tournament play, an 8-foot-high volleyball net is used, but* If the ball hits the out-of-bounds line, it is a a lower volleyball net or badminton net can be substituted. good return. * If the ball hits the net on its way over, it is a live ball. Remember that if it was thrown from 1.70.:EYOVAL"feej. the front court, it must reach the opponent's Volleyball back court to be good. Volleyball Net * If you catch the ball out of bounds or are Yardstick or tape measure carried out of bounds by the force of the ball, Duct tape (for indoor games) or chalk dust (for you may return in-bounds before you return the outdoor games) ball. 4 to 8 players (2 to 4 per team) * Serving is rotated among the members of one team until the game is won. Teams alternate e_ -Y. u .Play serving after each game. Measure out a court 66 feet long and 30 feet * Teams change courts after every two games. wide and mark it with tape if playing indoors or chalk dust if playing outside. Place the net at the halfway point. Then divide each team's court in * Teams play best-of-five or best-of-seven half horizontally, as shown in the diagram. games. * Scoring is done exactly as it is in tennislove (zero), 15 (first point), 30 (second point), and 40 * The ball is served from the back line. To serve, (third point). throw the ball over the net. * If a score is tied at 40-40, "deuce" is called, * The ball must be caught on the fly and immedi- and one team must score two points in a row to ately returned from the point where it was win. The first is an "advantage" point. If the next caught. Do not run with the ball or pass it to point is lost, the score returns to deuce. teammates. * If you return the ball from the front half of your court, it must reach the back half of your opponent's court. If it does not, the opponent is awarded the point. * The object is to catch the ball and return it across the net in a way that makes it difficult for your opponents to return it. Your team can score in four ways: if your opponent fails to catch the return, fails to return the ball across the net, 3 3 The Goldfinch 31

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HOOVIR 601001. A NOEL UM Ls out CA Ma will WNW& IMOD have a 0111EET DEMI LULEA rAll MIDDLE SCHOOL +00V4.4) school oft' 11°114.4 named 11,1%, LAY Mt, M. AHAA. CARDINALS Inn 1D3WEE ALISIDEIART 1.11,111t SItotoN1.11 ISM Llt CAIt after him." OLD HOOVES SCHOOL. Herbert Hoover (0 October 10, 1951 in .11n,ruart anes1 NOVAE 010011 1012001. CAM JOEL C WOVE II HOYE SHWA ALDDLADEDTA KW

Goldfinch Second-class postage paid US ISSN 0278-0208 at Iowa City, Iowa State Historical Society of Iowa 402Iowa Avenue Iowa City, Iowa52240-180(

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