DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of Mycobionts of Photomorph Pairs in the Peltigerineae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of Mycobionts of Photomorph Pairs in the Peltigerineae Fungal Genetics and Biology 21, 228–237 (1997) Article No. FG970977 Characterization of Mycobionts of Photomorph Pairs in the Peltigerineae (Lichenized Ascomycetes) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences of the Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Bernard Goffinet1 and Randall J. Bayer Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9 Canada Accepted for publication April 7, 1997 Goffinet, B., and Bayer, R. J. 1997. Characterization of cyanomorph recently reported for P. leucophlebia is mycobionts of photomorph pairs in the Peltigerineae shown to be based on a misidentified specimen of (lichenized ascomycetes) based on internal tran- P. aphthosa. Comparisons of the ITS sequences fur- scribed spacer sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ther supports recognizing P. aphthosa, P. britannica, DNA. Fungal Genetics and Biology 21, 228–237. The and P. leucophlebia at the species rather than the The ‘‘one fungus–two photomorphs’’ hypothesis sug- infraspecific level. r 1997 Academic Press gests that certain lichenized fungi can establish a symbiotic relationship with either a eukaryotic or a Index Descriptors: Peltigerineae; Peltigera; Ne- prokaryotic photobiont. Such pairs of photomorphs are phroma; photomorph; taxonomy; nrDNA; ITS; evolu- well know from cephalodiate Peltigerineae. Using an tion; lichen. ascomycete-specific primer we amplified the internal transcribed spacer region of the nrDNA repeat of the The lichen symbiosis is a complex mutualistic relation- mycobiont from total ‘‘lichen DNA’’ extracts of Peltig- ship typically between two, but also commonly among era malacea, photomorphs of P. aphthosa, P. britan- three, four, or even more partners (Hawksworth, 1988a). nica, and P. leucophlebia, Nephroma expallidum, and One form of multiple symbiosis involves one mycobiont photomorphs of N. arcticum. Comparisons of 5.8S and two distinct photobionts. In such triple symbiosis the sequences suggest that the sequences obtained be- fungus is lichenized either with two different strains of the long to the mycobiont and thus, that the ascomycete- et al., specific primer is adequate for amplifying fungal DNA same photobiont (Leizerovich 1990), or two distantly from total lichen–DNA extracts. The strict identity of related taxa, e.g., a cyanobacterium and a green alga. In the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer latter case, the primary photobiont is typically a chlorococ- region of the nrDNA repeat between joined-photo- calean alga, while the cyanobacterium is restricted to a morphs supports the one fungus–two photomorphs subordinate association, called a cephalodium. Cephalodia hypothesis. Photomorphs may thus primarily reflect are established either internally or externally (Jordan, phenotypic plasticity of photomorphic fungi in re- 1972) and are found in about 500 taxa distributed among sponse to changing environmental conditions. The five orders (James and Henssen, 1976). Species of most genera of the Peltigerineae (sensu Tehler, 1996) can further develop thalli either exclusively with Nostoc (a 1 To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed at present address: Department of Botany, P.O. Box 90339, Duke cyanobacterium), or with Nostoc and a species of Cocco- University, Durham, NC, 27708. Fax: 919 660 7293. E-mail: myxa (a green alga) simultaneously. [email protected]. Unlike any other suborder of lichenized fungi, the 1087-1845/97 $25.00 Copyright r 1997 by Academic Press 228 All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Photomorphs in the Peltigerineae 229 Peltigerineae include genera such as Lobaria, Nephroma, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the 5.8S gene, and an Peltigera, Pseudocyphellaria, Solorina, and Sticta, in which intergenic spacer (IGS) separating two consecutive repeats either a cyanobacterium or a green alga can serve as the (see Zimmerman and Dahlberg, 1996, for extensive review primary photobiont. Lichenization with a green alga is on nrDNA repeat). Concerted evolution due to homogeni- followed in all these genera by the development of zation (Hillis and Dixon, 1991) may allow for a mutation cephalodia. Furthermore, joined green and blue-green that is not selected against to be integrated into the lobes (hereafter called chloromorph and cyanomorph, primary sequence of every copy of the nrDNA repeat (but respectively, or photomorph—term introduced by Laun- see also Sanders et al., 1995). The amount of variation of a don, 1995—when the nature of the photobiont is not molecule depends on the stringency of functional con- specified) or independent thalli that are chemically and/or straints affecting the transcribed product. Despite being morphologically similar except for the nature of the noncoding, the ITSs are not void of structural constraints photobiont, have been reported for all these genera (see as suggested by the nonrandom distribution of mutations James and Henssen, 1976, and Jahns, 1988, for a review). (Torres et al., 1990; van der Sande et al., 1992; Liu and Alternative photomorphs can differ in their growth form Schardl, 1994; Schlo¨tterer et al., 1995; Buckler and Holts- (e.g., Lobaria, Jordan, 1972, and Sticta, Galloway, 1994); ford, 1996). These moderate selection pressures have lead their morphology (e.g., Peltigera aphthosa-group; Holtan- to a level of variation in the ITS that is presumed to be Hartwig, 1993; Vitikainen, 1994; Goward et al., 1995; and negligible within most species but significant between Pseudocyphellaria, Renner and Galloway, 1982; Galloway, species. ITS sequence data have been used for phyloge- 1988), their anatomy (e.g., P. venosa; Ott, 1988), their chem- netic reconstructions within fungal genera (Hibbett, 1992, istry (e.g., Nephroma arcticum; Tønsberg and Holtan- for initial review; Carbone and Kohn, 1993; Zambino and et al., Hartwig, 1983; see also Renner, 1982), their habitat prefer- Szabo, 1993; Messner 1995) and particularly for phylogenetic studies in vascular plants (see Baldwin et al., ences (White and James, 1987) and the cytology of the 1995, for review). ITS sequences of lichenized fungi were actual interactions between symbionts (Honegger, 1982, first reported for Cladonia chlorophaea by De Priest and 1985). Whether all these differences are induced by the Been (1992; ITS-1) and Niu and Wei (1993) were the first alternative photobiont or whether some of these reflect the to address a taxonomic hypothesis in lichenology (i.e., the presence of two genetically distinct mycobionts is not clear. status of Lasallia rossica Dombr. and L. papullosa (Ach.) Morphology and chemistry alone cannot provide unam- Llano) using ITS sequence variation. biguous evidence for the genetic identity of mycobionts The main objectives of this study are to: (1) test the involved in alternative photomorphs. Armaleo and Clerc applicability of fungus-specific primers designed for mycor- (1991) provided the first molecular data in support of the rhizal ascomycetes (Egger, 1995) for the amplification of ‘‘one fungus–two photomorphs’’ hypothesis. However, their the ITS region of lichenized fungi using a total lichen DNA conclusion relied on hybridization of restriction digests of template; and (2) test the hypothesis ‘‘one fungus–two total DNA and of restriction site comparisons of PCR photomorphs’’ based on nucleotide sequences of the ITSs products. Despite the high stringency employed in the and 5.8S gene of members of photomorph pairs in the hybridization experiment, the authors could not exclude Peltigerineae. the possibility of sequence divergence. Restriction sites represent only a small fraction of available characters for any given sequence and may not offer sufficient resolution to exclude the presence of two species. In order to address MATERIALS AND METHODS the ‘‘one-fungus–two photomorphs’’ hypothesis using ac- tual DNA sequence data, we used fungus-specific primers DNA extraction. Thallus fragments of composite pho- for the amplification of a portion of the nuclear DNA from tomorphs were sampled from fresh or dried herbarium a total lichen DNA extract. Fungus-specific primers were collections of photomorphic species of Peltigera and Ne- initially designed by Gargas and Taylor (1992) and Gardes phroma (Table 1). DNA was also extracted from putative and Bruns (1993) for studying symbiotic or parasitic fungi, related taxa, P. malacea and N. expallidum, to assess the and recently, Egger (1995) designed primers specific to degree of divergence among related species. The lichen ascomycetes for studying ectomycorrhizal communities. samples were soaked in distilled water and all contaminat- The nrDNA repeat includes the genes coding for the ing plant material was removed under a dissecting micro- RNAs of the small and large subunits of the ribosome, an scope. The samples were then air-dried overnight and Copyright r 1997 by Academic Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. 230 Goffinet and Bayer TABLE 1 lyophilized prior to the extraction. The extraction protocol Taxa for Which Sequences of the ITS Region Have Been Obtained is based on modifications of Doyle and Doyle’s method in This Study (1987; modified protocol available from senior author). Genbank The DNA was then suspended in 100 µl of TE at 65°C for Taxon accession no. Voucher 10 min and kept at 220°C. The DNA concentration was Nephroma arcticum (L.) determined by fluorometry following the manufacturer’s Torss. (joined photo- Canada, T. Goward instruction (TKO 100 mini-fluorometer, Hoefer). morphs) U92881 92-354 (UBC) PCR-DNA amplification.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Checklist of Lichenicolous Fungi and Lichenicolous Lichens of Svalbard, Including New Species, New Records and Revisions
    Herzogia 26 (2), 2013: 323 –359 323 Checklist of lichenicolous fungi and lichenicolous lichens of Svalbard, including new species, new records and revisions Mikhail P. Zhurbenko* & Wolfgang von Brackel Abstract: Zhurbenko, M. P. & Brackel, W. v. 2013. Checklist of lichenicolous fungi and lichenicolous lichens of Svalbard, including new species, new records and revisions. – Herzogia 26: 323 –359. Hainesia bryonorae Zhurb. (on Bryonora castanea), Lichenochora caloplacae Zhurb. (on Caloplaca species), Sphaerellothecium epilecanora Zhurb. (on Lecanora epibryon), and Trimmatostroma cetrariae Brackel (on Cetraria is- landica) are described as new to science. Forty four species of lichenicolous fungi (Arthonia apotheciorum, A. aspicili- ae, A. epiphyscia, A. molendoi, A. pannariae, A. peltigerina, Cercidospora ochrolechiae, C. trypetheliza, C. verrucosar- ia, Dacampia engeliana, Dactylospora aeruginosa, D. frigida, Endococcus fusiger, E. sendtneri, Epibryon conductrix, Epilichen glauconigellus, Lichenochora coppinsii, L. weillii, Lichenopeltella peltigericola, L. santessonii, Lichenostigma chlaroterae, L. maureri, Llimoniella vinosa, Merismatium decolorans, M. heterophractum, Muellerella atricola, M. erratica, Pronectria erythrinella, Protothelenella croceae, Skyttella mulleri, Sphaerellothecium parmeliae, Sphaeropezia santessonii, S. thamnoliae, Stigmidium cladoniicola, S. collematis, S. frigidum, S. leucophlebiae, S. mycobilimbiae, S. pseudopeltideae, Taeniolella pertusariicola, Tremella cetrariicola, Xenonectriella lutescens, X. ornamentata,
    [Show full text]
  • Umbilicariaceae Phylogeny TAXON 66 (6) • December 2017: 1282–1303
    Davydov & al. • Umbilicariaceae phylogeny TAXON 66 (6) • December 2017: 1282–1303 Umbilicariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) – Trait evolution and a new generic concept Evgeny A. Davydov,1 Derek Peršoh2 & Gerhard Rambold3 1 Altai State University, Lenin Ave. 61, Barnaul, 656049 Russia 2 Ruhr-Universität Bochum, AG Geobotanik, Gebäude ND 03/170, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany 3 University of Bayreuth, Plant Systematics, Mycology Dept., Universitätsstraße 30, NW I, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany Author for correspondence: Evgeny A. Davydov, [email protected] ORCID EAD, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2316-8506; DP, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5561-0189 DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/666.2 Abstract To reconstruct hypotheses on the evolution of Umbilicariaceae, 644 sequences from three independent DNA regions were used, 433 of which were newly produced. The study includes a representative fraction (presumably about 80%) of the known species diversity of the Umbilicariaceae s.str. and is based on the phylograms obtained using maximum likelihood and a Bayesian phylogenetic inference framework. The analyses resulted in the recognition of eight well-supported clades, delimited by a combination of morphological and chemical features. None of the previous classifications within Umbilicariaceae s.str. were supported by the phylogenetic analyses. The distribution of the diagnostic morphological and chemical traits against the molecular phylogenetic topology revealed the following patterns of evolution: (1) Rhizinomorphs were gained at least four times independently and are lacking in most clades grouping in the proximity of Lasallia. (2) Asexual reproductive structures, i.e., thalloconidia and lichenized dispersal units, appear more or less mutually exclusive, being restricted to different clades.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life Magill’S Encyclopedia of Science
    MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Macroevolutionary Dynamics of Symbiotic and Phenotypic Diversification in Lichens
    The macroevolutionary dynamics of symbiotic and phenotypic diversification in lichens Matthew P. Nelsena,1, Robert Lückingb, C. Kevin Boycec, H. Thorsten Lumbscha, and Richard H. Reea aDepartment of Science and Education, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605; bBotanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and cDepartment of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Edited by Joan E. Strassmann, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, and approved July 14, 2020 (received for review February 6, 2020) Symbioses are evolutionarily pervasive and play fundamental roles macroevolutionary consequences of ant–plant interactions (15–19). in structuring ecosystems, yet our understanding of their macroevo- However, insufficient attention has been paid to one of the most lutionary origins, persistence, and consequences is incomplete. We iconic examples of symbiosis (20, 21): Lichens. traced the macroevolutionary history of symbiotic and phenotypic Lichens are stable associations between a mycobiont (fungus) diversification in an iconic symbiosis, lichens. By inferring the most and photobiont (eukaryotic alga or cyanobacterium). The pho- comprehensive time-scaled phylogeny of lichen-forming fungi (LFF) tobiont supplies the heterotrophic fungus with photosynthetically to date (over 3,300 species), we identified shifts among symbiont derived carbohydrates, while the mycobiont provides the pho- classes that broadly coincided with the convergent
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Recurrent Loss of Abaa, a Master Regulator of Asexual Development in Filamentous Fungi
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/829465; this version posted November 4, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Recurrent loss of abaA, a master regulator of asexual development in filamentous fungi, 2 correlates with changes in genomic and morphological traits 3 4 Matthew E. Meada,*, Alexander T. Borowskya,b,*, Bastian Joehnkc, Jacob L. Steenwyka, Xing- 5 Xing Shena, Anita Silc, and Antonis Rokasa,# 6 7 aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 8 bCurrent Address: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, 9 Riverside, California, USA 10 cDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San 11 Francisco, California, USA 12 13 Short Title: Recurrent loss of abaA across Eurotiomycetes 14 #Address correspondence to Antonis Rokas, [email protected] 15 16 *These authors contributed equally to this work 17 18 19 Keywords: Fungal asexual development, abaA, evolution, developmental evolution, 20 morphology, binding site, Histoplasma capsulatum, regulatory rewiring, gene regulatory 21 network, evo-devo 22 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/829465; this version posted November 4, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 23 Abstract 24 Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) drive developmental and cellular differentiation, and variation 25 in their architectures gives rise to morphological diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Quality and Disturbance Drive Lichen Species Richness in a Temperate Biodiversity Hotspot
    Oecologia (2019) 190:445–457 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04413-0 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY – ORIGINAL RESEARCH Habitat quality and disturbance drive lichen species richness in a temperate biodiversity hotspot Erin A. Tripp1,2 · James C. Lendemer3 · Christy M. McCain1,2 Received: 23 April 2018 / Accepted: 30 April 2019 / Published online: 15 May 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The impacts of disturbance on biodiversity and distributions have been studied in many systems. Yet, comparatively less is known about how lichens–obligate symbiotic organisms–respond to disturbance. Successful establishment and development of lichens require a minimum of two compatible yet usually unrelated species to be present in an environment, suggesting disturbance might be particularly detrimental. To address this gap, we focused on lichens, which are obligate symbiotic organ- isms that function as hubs of trophic interactions. Our investigation was conducted in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. We conducted complete biodiversity inventories of lichens (all growth forms, reproductive modes, substrates) across 47, 1-ha plots to test classic models of responses to disturbance (e.g., linear, unimodal). Disturbance was quantifed in each plot using a standardized suite of habitat quality variables. We additionally quantifed woody plant diversity, forest density, rock density, as well as environmental factors (elevation, temperature, precipitation, net primary productivity, slope, aspect) and analyzed their impacts on lichen biodiversity. Our analyses recovered a strong, positive, linear relationship between lichen biodiversity and habitat quality: lower levels of disturbance correlate to higher species diversity. With few exceptions, additional variables failed to signifcantly explain variation in diversity among plots for the 509 total lichen species, but we caution that total variation in some of these variables was limited in our study area.
    [Show full text]
  • One Hundred New Species of Lichenized Fungi: a Signature of Undiscovered Global Diversity
    Phytotaxa 18: 1–127 (2011) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Monograph PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2011 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) PHYTOTAXA 18 One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity H. THORSTEN LUMBSCH1*, TEUVO AHTI2, SUSANNE ALTERMANN3, GUILLERMO AMO DE PAZ4, ANDRÉ APTROOT5, ULF ARUP6, ALEJANDRINA BÁRCENAS PEÑA7, PAULINA A. BAWINGAN8, MICHEL N. BENATTI9, LUISA BETANCOURT10, CURTIS R. BJÖRK11, KANSRI BOONPRAGOB12, MAARTEN BRAND13, FRANK BUNGARTZ14, MARCELA E. S. CÁCERES15, MEHTMET CANDAN16, JOSÉ LUIS CHAVES17, PHILIPPE CLERC18, RALPH COMMON19, BRIAN J. COPPINS20, ANA CRESPO4, MANUELA DAL-FORNO21, PRADEEP K. DIVAKAR4, MELIZAR V. DUYA22, JOHN A. ELIX23, ARVE ELVEBAKK24, JOHNATHON D. FANKHAUSER25, EDIT FARKAS26, LIDIA ITATÍ FERRARO27, EBERHARD FISCHER28, DAVID J. GALLOWAY29, ESTER GAYA30, MIREIA GIRALT31, TREVOR GOWARD32, MARTIN GRUBE33, JOSEF HAFELLNER33, JESÚS E. HERNÁNDEZ M.34, MARÍA DE LOS ANGELES HERRERA CAMPOS7, KLAUS KALB35, INGVAR KÄRNEFELT6, GINTARAS KANTVILAS36, DOROTHEE KILLMANN28, PAUL KIRIKA37, KERRY KNUDSEN38, HARALD KOMPOSCH39, SERGEY KONDRATYUK40, JAMES D. LAWREY21, ARMIN MANGOLD41, MARCELO P. MARCELLI9, BRUCE MCCUNE42, MARIA INES MESSUTI43, ANDREA MICHLIG27, RICARDO MIRANDA GONZÁLEZ7, BIBIANA MONCADA10, ALIFERETI NAIKATINI44, MATTHEW P. NELSEN1, 45, DAG O. ØVSTEDAL46, ZDENEK PALICE47, KHWANRUAN PAPONG48, SITTIPORN PARNMEN12, SERGIO PÉREZ-ORTEGA4, CHRISTIAN PRINTZEN49, VÍCTOR J. RICO4, EIMY RIVAS PLATA1, 50, JAVIER ROBAYO51, DANIA ROSABAL52, ULRIKE RUPRECHT53, NORIS SALAZAR ALLEN54, LEOPOLDO SANCHO4, LUCIANA SANTOS DE JESUS15, TAMIRES SANTOS VIEIRA15, MATTHIAS SCHULTZ55, MARK R. D. SEAWARD56, EMMANUËL SÉRUSIAUX57, IMKE SCHMITT58, HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN59, MOHAMMAD SOHRABI 2, 60, ULRIK SØCHTING61, MAJBRIT ZEUTHEN SØGAARD61, LAURENS B. SPARRIUS62, ADRIANO SPIELMANN63, TOBY SPRIBILLE33, JUTARAT SUTJARITTURAKAN64, ACHRA THAMMATHAWORN65, ARNE THELL6, GÖRAN THOR66, HOLGER THÜS67, EINAR TIMDAL68, CAMILLE TRUONG18, ROMAN TÜRK69, LOENGRIN UMAÑA TENORIO17, DALIP K.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens and Associated Fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
    The Lichenologist (2020), 52,61–181 doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079 Standard Paper Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska Toby Spribille1,2,3 , Alan M. Fryday4 , Sergio Pérez-Ortega5 , Måns Svensson6, Tor Tønsberg7, Stefan Ekman6 , Håkon Holien8,9, Philipp Resl10 , Kevin Schneider11, Edith Stabentheiner2, Holger Thüs12,13 , Jan Vondrák14,15 and Lewis Sharman16 1Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; 3Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA; 4Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 5Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Departamento de Micología, Calle Claudio Moyano 1, E-28014 Madrid, Spain; 6Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; 7Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; 8Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, Box 2501, NO-7729 Steinkjer, Norway; 9NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; 10Faculty of Biology, Department I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; 11Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; 12Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; 13Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; 14Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; 15Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic and 16Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens and Allied Fungi of the Indiana Forest Alliance
    2017. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 126(2):129–152 LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF THE INDIANA FOREST ALLIANCE ECOBLITZ AREA, BROWN AND MONROE COUNTIES, INDIANA INCORPORATED INTO A REVISED CHECKLIST FOR THE STATE OF INDIANA James C. Lendemer: Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 USA ABSTRACT. Based upon voucher collections, 108 lichen species are reported from the Indiana Forest Alliance Ecoblitz area, a 900 acre unit in Morgan-Monroe and Yellowwood State Forests, Brown and Monroe Counties, Indiana. The lichen biota of the study area was characterized as: i) dominated by species with green coccoid photobionts (80% of taxa); ii) comprised of 49% species that reproduce primarily with lichenized diaspores vs. 44% that reproduce primarily through sexual ascospores; iii) comprised of 65% crustose taxa, 29% foliose taxa, and 6% fruticose taxa; iv) one wherein many species are rare (e.g., 55% of species were collected fewer than three times) and fruticose lichens other than Cladonia were entirely absent; and v) one wherein cyanolichens were poorly represented, comprising only three species. Taxonomic diversity ranged from 21 to 56 species per site, with the lowest diversity sites concentrated in riparian corridors and the highest diversity sites on ridges. Low Gap Nature Preserve, located within the study area, was found to have comparable species richness to areas outside the nature preserve, although many species rare in the study area were found only outside preserve boundaries. Sets of rare species are delimited and discussed, as are observations as to the overall low abundance of lichens on corticolous substrates and the presence of many unhealthy foliose lichens on mature tree boles.
    [Show full text]
  • <I> Lecanoromycetes</I> of Lichenicolous Fungi Associated With
    Persoonia 39, 2017: 91–117 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.05 Phylogenetic placement within Lecanoromycetes of lichenicolous fungi associated with Cladonia and some other genera R. Pino-Bodas1,2, M.P. Zhurbenko3, S. Stenroos1 Key words Abstract Though most of the lichenicolous fungi belong to the Ascomycetes, their phylogenetic placement based on molecular data is lacking for numerous species. In this study the phylogenetic placement of 19 species of cladoniicolous species lichenicolous fungi was determined using four loci (LSU rDNA, SSU rDNA, ITS rDNA and mtSSU). The phylogenetic Pilocarpaceae analyses revealed that the studied lichenicolous fungi are widespread across the phylogeny of Lecanoromycetes. Protothelenellaceae One species is placed in Acarosporales, Sarcogyne sphaerospora; five species in Dactylosporaceae, Dactylo­ Scutula cladoniicola spora ahtii, D. deminuta, D. glaucoides, D. parasitica and Dactylospora sp.; four species belong to Lecanorales, Stictidaceae Lichenosticta alcicorniaria, Epicladonia simplex, E. stenospora and Scutula epiblastematica. The genus Epicladonia Stictis cladoniae is polyphyletic and the type E. sandstedei belongs to Leotiomycetes. Phaeopyxis punctum and Bachmanniomyces uncialicola form a well supported clade in the Ostropomycetidae. Epigloea soleiformis is related to Arthrorhaphis and Anzina. Four species are placed in Ostropales, Corticifraga peltigerae, Cryptodiscus epicladonia, C. galaninae and C. cladoniicola
    [Show full text]
  • Organelle Genomes of Lichens
    ORGANELLE GENOMES OF LICHENS BASIL BRITTO XAVIER Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland 20XX ORGANELLE GENOMES OF LICHENS BASIL BRITTO XAVIER 90 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master of Science degree in Biology Advisors Prof. Ólafur S. Andrésson Dr. Vivian P.W. Miao Faculty Representatives Dr. Zophonías O. Jónsson Dr. Albert V. Smith Examiner Prof. Kristinn P. Magnússon Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (SENS) University of Iceland Reykjavik, December 2011 ORGANELLE GENOMES OF LICHENS 90 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master of Science degree in Biology Copyright © 2011 Basil Britto Xavier All rights reserved Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Askja, Sturlugata 7 107, Reykjavik Iceland Telephone: 525 4000 Bibliographic information: Basil Britto Xavier, 2011, ORGANELLE GENOMES OF LICHENS, Master’s thesis, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, pp.96 Printing: Haskolaprent hf Reykjavik, Iceland, December 2011 Abstract The organelle genomes of three lichen species (P. membranacea, P. malacea and C. grayi; photobiont Asterochloris sp) were sequenced, annotated and comparated to its closest non- lichenized counterparts. These organisms are of interest as they serve as models for studying symbiosis. They are difficult to culture these in the laboratory. The mycobiont mitochondrial genomes are approximately 50-60 kb in size, circular molecules containing genes coding for 14 proteins along with one ribosomal protein (rps3), two rRNA genes and a set of 26 tRNA genes. In addition the Peltigera mtDNAs code for plasmid origin DNA polymerase (dpoB) type B2 and rnpB, encoding the RNA component of RNaseP.
    [Show full text]
  • Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology
    he name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Deutsche Gesellschaft für Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of BioT logy) refl ects recent history as well as German tradition. Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, Annals of the History founded in 1910 by Leipzig University‘s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather Ger- and Philosophy of Biology man-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this Volume 17 (2012) time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and formerly Jahrbuch für “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of histori- cal circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years lat- er when in 1991, in the wake of German reunifi cation, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing stud- ies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, us- ing for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medi- Annals of the History and Philosophy Biology, Vol.
    [Show full text]