First Conference on the Endangered Languages of East Asia Language Obsolescence: the Challenge for Linguists and Communities
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Introduction Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench, Alicia Sanchez-Mazas
Introduction Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench, Alicia Sanchez-Mazas To cite this version: Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench, Alicia Sanchez-Mazas. Introduction. Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench et Alicia Sanchez-Mazas. The Peopling of East Asia: Putting together archaeology, linguistics and genetics, RoutledgeCurzon, pp.1-14, 2005. halshs-00104717 HAL Id: halshs-00104717 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00104717 Submitted on 9 Oct 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. INTRODUCTION 5460 words In the past ten years or so, important advances in our understanding of the formation of East Asian populations, historical cultures and language phyla have been made separately by geneticists, physical anthropologists, archaeologists and linguists. In particular, the genetics of East Asian populations have become the focus of intense scrutiny. The mapping of genetic markers, both classical and molecular, is progressing daily: geneticists are now proposing scenarios for the initial settlement of East Asia by modern humans, as well as for population movements in more recent times. Chinese archaeologists have shown conclusively that the origins of rice agriculture are to be sought in the mid-Yangzi region around 10,000 BP and that a millet-based agriculture developed in the Huang He Valley somewhat later. -
Chapter Two: Love in Utter Agony Anti-Japanese and Japanese Loathing
Chapter two: Love in Utter Agony Tradition and technology—COMPAQ, foreign-capital computer manufacturer’s ad featuring Korean shamanism Anti-Japanese and Japanese loathing Korean grudge and Japanese resignation An emotion underlying the Korean people’s thinking is a kind of hate called han. In her book, Ms. O Sonfa1, a commentator from Korea, explains “han”: “Han is not just hate, but it comes from a certain kind of frustration or vexation born within oneself when one cannot achieve what one wants or ought to accomplish. When one does not have a concrete target, it comes out as lamentation against oneself and when one finds a concrete target, it comes out as frustration. What matters is that it is regarded as a virtue to dissolve such frustration and then it can become beautiful.” (Sukaato no Kaze [Wind to Skirt]. Sanko-sha.) Professor Furuta Hiroshi at Tsukuba University traces the psycho-cultural origin of “han” to the historical Korean hierarchy and defines han as: “Following the traditional model, under the circumstances where one cannot transfer responsibility to others, han is the accumulated frustration of those placed at the bottom of Korean hierarchical order, and a wish to dissolve it.” (Chosen Minzoku o Yomitoku [Read the Korean People]. Chikuma-shobo.) During the Joseon Dynasty, the traditional classes were, from the upper stratum, the royal family, followed by the yangban (officials), the “upper-middle class”, ordinary citizens and servants. Outside of these strata were the Baekjeong (untouchables). While Japan’s system of Shi--No--Ko--Sho (Samurai—farmers—craftsmen—merchants) was strongly based on occupation, the Korean hierarchy looks a lot like the Indian caste system. -
Living on the Edge: Buraku in Kyoto, Japan
Nataša Visočnik: Living on the edge: Buraku in Kyoto, Japan Living on the edge: Buraku in Kyoto,- Japan Nata{a Viso~nik University of Ljubljana, [email protected] Abstract This article deals with the two districts in the southeast of the Kyōto city, which are known to have been settled by people who are marginalised for various reasons. The research is based on a short fieldwork focuses on two main groups living in the Kyōto buraku and near it: burakumin (eta people) and zainichi Koreans. It also presents their ways of living as marginal communities and the ways they cope with discrimination. The article also considers in greater detail the developments within the life in buraku, focusing particularly on the critical role of machi-zukuri in liberation movements over the course of the 20th to the 21st century. KEYWORDS: marginality, buraku, burakumin (eta people), zainichi Koreans, machi- zukuri Introduction As we move into the 21st century, we might ponder the pithy and insightful epigram by Talleyrand, who asserted that the more things changed, the more they remained the same (in Dennis 2005), which means that despite the ideological and social structural tendencies of the evolving 21st century, where many of the inequities against the weak would weaken or disappear, not much has changed since previous centuries. In this fractured world, many remain unprotected or semi-protected: members of oppressed ethnic groups, women, the young, the old, the impoverished, the lower castes, outcastes or members of suppressed religions, and those who are otherwise persecuted. Marginalised communities face problems all over the world, including in Japan. -
Australian Female Volunteerism in Modern Korea (1889–1941): an Enlightenment Campaign*
Australian Female Volunteerism in Modern Korea (1889–1941): An Enlightenment Campaign* David Kim** Introduction The Australian diplomatic relationship with the People’s Republic of China began in Decem- ber 1972, when Gough Whitlam, together with Richard Nixon of the United States, ceased to recognize the government of Chiang Kai-shek (the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975). However, the foreign relationship between Australia and the Republic of South Korea was launched a decade earlier under the international economic policy of the Menzies government in May 1963. Since that time they have become close trading partners in the Asia-Pacific region. Korea is a key market for Australian minerals, energy, travel and educa- tion services, and Australia is a major market for Korean vehicles, petroleum, and electronic goods and parts. The economic relationship received a boost on 8th April 2014 with the signing of the Korea Australia Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA). The countries have also been engaged in important regional activities as active members of the G20, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) the East Asia Summit (EAS), and used to be non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). What, then, could have precipitated this early and steady rise of official diplomacy and forged the sound economic relationship be- tween the two nations? In this regard, it cannot be denied that decades earlier, there were many Australian females (as well as males) involved in non-government activities in modern Korea (1889–1941). For example, an aunt of the 12th Australian Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies spent 33 years (between 1891 and 1924) in Korea as a volunteer.1 How did female ** This research work was supported by the Korea Foundation (KF). -
Graphic Loans: East Asia and Beyond
This is a repository copy of Graphic loans: East Asia and beyond. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/77434/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Tranter, N. (2009) Graphic loans: East Asia and beyond. Word , 60 (1). pp. 1-37. ISSN 0043-7956 https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2009.11432591 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Graphic loans: East Asia and beyond Abstract. The national languages of East Asia (Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese) have made extensive use of a type of linguistic borrowing sometimes referred to as a ‘graphic loan’. Such loans have no place in the conventional classification of loans based on Haugen (1950) or Weinreich (1953), and research on loan word theory and phonology generally overlooks them. -
Korea, a Pitiful Third-Rate Nation
Korea, a Pitiful Third-Rate Nation Even First-Rate Korean Newspapers Are Plagued with Anti-Japanese Fundamentalism By Nishimura Kohyu, journalist/critic Calling the Emperor “Japanese King” is the Greatest Insult The illegal landing on Takeshima conducted by South Korea’s President Lee Myung-bak on August 10 sounded like a big fanfare heralding a war against Japan by specific Asian nations. From this day on, especially from September 11 through 18, anti-Japanese riots spread throughout China. Today, the East Asian situation surrounding Japan is getting tougher and tougher. Recent anti-Japanese riots broke out in at least 108 cities and regions across China, including medium to small ones, and have become the largest xenophobic upheavals since the establishment of normalized relationship between Japan and China forty years ago—possibly even since the Boxer Rebellion or the North Qing Incident in 1900. On August 15, the anniversary marking the end of the War, anti-Japanese activists from Hong Kong aboard a fishing vessel broke into the waters around the Senkaku Islands and 10 Chinese, including a TV crew managed to land on one of the Islands, despite Japanese efforts to prevent them. On the previous day, August 14, the Republic of Korea’s President Lee Myung-bak reportedly told an audience during a symposium held at Korea National University of Education that if the Japanese King (the Koreans dishonorably use these words when referring to the Emperor) “wants to visit Korea, he should sincerely apologize for the victims of the independence movements,” according to an August 14 article from the Jiji Press, demonstrating his view that it is necessary to apologize to activists of the independence movements of the Colonial Era before an Imperial visit can be realized. -
East Asian Studies Program |
East Asian Studies Program and Department Annual Report 2016-17 Cover: Main section from “A Humorous Map of the World 歐洲大戰亂畫報 (其十六): 滑稽時局世界地圖” (inscribed, The Ōshū dai senran gahō no. 16). Printed in 1914. From the Princieton University Library collection of “Block Prints of the Chinese Revolu- tion,” given in 1937 by Donald Roberts, Class of 1909. Annual Report 2011-12 Contents Director’s Letter 4 Department and Program News 6 Language Programs 8 Undergraduates 10 Graduate Students 14 Faculty 18 Events 20 Summer Programs 28 Affiliated Programs 30 Beyond Princeton EAS 33 Libraries 34 Museum 37 In Memoriam: Professor Yu-kung Kao (1929-2016) Director’s Letter, 2016-17 East Asian Studies dates from the 1960s and 1970s, when Princeton established first a Program and then a Department focusing on the study of China, Japan, and Korea, including linguistic and disciplinary training. The Department comprises about forty faculty members and language instructors and offers a major, while the Program supports faculty and students working on East Asia in both the East Asian Studies Department and other departments. In 2016-17 the nearly forty undergraduates enrolled in East Asian Studies pursued many interests, combining breadth of study with a solid foundation in the languages of East Asia. The eleven majors in the East Asian Studies Department worked in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages and wrote theses covering political history, transnational cinema, trauma and narrative, economics, ethnicity and colonialism, literature and translation, educational inequality, and the politics of space exploration. Twenty-six majors in other departments who completed certificates in East Asian Studies (one offered by the Department and one by the Program) submitted independent work that ranged even more widely. -
Elite Ethnic Koreans in Japanese-Dominated Manchukuo: a Case Study Based on the Thomas Gregory Song Papers Research Thesis Pres
Elite Ethnic Koreans in Japanese-Dominated Manchukuo: A Case Study Based on the Thomas Gregory Song Papers Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in History in the undergraduate college of The Ohio State University By Yasuhiro Aihara [email protected] Undergraduate Program in History The Ohio State University July 2020 Thesis Advisor: Christopher A. Reed, Department of History Copyright by Yasuhiro Aihara 2020 ii Table of Contents Vita…………………………………………………………………………………..iv Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..v I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………...1 II. The Song Family’s Elite Status……………………………………………………3 III. The Song Family’s Interaction with Empire……………………………………..11 IV. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….....27 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………29 iii Vita September 24, 1997: Born, Tokyo, Japan June 2016: H.S. Diploma (equivalent), Chongqing No.1 International Studies School in Chongqing, PRC August 2020: Bachelor of Arts, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Fields of Study Main Field: History and International Relation (East Asian) iv Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincerest appreciation to Professors Christopher A. Reed, Philip C. Brown, and Ann Marie L. Davis for their helpful suggestions, criticism, and patience throughout the writing process. I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to Anastasia Song, who donated Thomas Gregory Song’s Papers to The Ohio State University Libraries, and to Thomas Song, whose story not only provided the inspiration for this thesis, but also prompted me to rethink my own experience of transnational migration. Furthermore, I am grateful to Joseph Henares, Dr. Jing Zhao, and Patrick Nash who proofread multiple drafts of this project and offered encouragement. Of course, any remaining errors are my own. -
Linguistics of East Asian Languages
2020/2021 Linguistics of East Asian Languages Code: 101540 ECTS Credits: 6 Degree Type Year Semester 2500244 East Asian Studies OB 3 2 The proposed teaching and assessment methodology that appear in the guide may be subject to changes as a result of the restrictions to face-to-face class attendance imposed by the health authorities. Contact Use of Languages Name: Makiko Fukuda Principal working language: catalan (cat) Email: [email protected] Some groups entirely in English: No Some groups entirely in Catalan: No Some groups entirely in Spanish: No Other comments on languages Part of Japan (Makiko Fukuda): Catalan, Part of China (Leonor Sola): Spanish Teachers Leonor Sola Comino Prerequisites None. Objectives and Contextualisation The aim of this subject is to introduce students to fundamental encyclopedic knowledge of issues related to two of the main languages of East Asia, Chinese and Japanese. On successfully completing this subject, students will be able to: Assimilate and understand the principles that govern language variation in East Asian languages. Identify, analyse, differentiate between, summarise and explain the principles that govern language variation in Chinese and Japanese. Determine the values, beliefs and ideologies expressed in oral and written texts in Chinese and Japanese. Apply linguistic, cultural and thematic knowledge to the analysis and comprehension of written texts in Chinese and Japanese. Apply knowledge of the values, beliefs and ideologies of East Asia to understand and appreciate written texts in Chinese and Japanese. Develop a critical way of thinking and reasoning, and communicate effectively, both in their own languages and a third language. Develop autonomous learning strategies. -
9 to Which Language Family Does Chinese Belong, Or What's in a Name?
9 To which language family does Chinese belong, or what's in a name? George van Driem There are at least five competing theories about the linguistic prehistory of Chinese. Two of them, Tibeto-Burman and Sino-Tibetan, originated in the beginning of the 19th century. Sino-Caucasian and Sino-Austronesian are products of the second half of the 20th century, and East Asian is an intriguing model presented in 2001. These terms designate distinct models of language relationship with divergent implications for the peopling of East Asia. What are the substantive differences between the models? How do the paradigms differently inform the direction of linguistic investigation and differently shape the formulation of research topics? What empirical evidence can compel us to decide between the theories? Which of the theories is the default hypothesis, and why? How can terminology be used in a judicious manner to avoid unwittingly presupposing the veracity of improbable or, at best, unsupported propositions? 1. The default hypothesis: Tibeto-Burman The first rigorous polyphyletic exposition of Asian linguistic stocks was presented in Paris by the German scholar Julius Heinrich von Klaproth in 1823. 1 His Asia Polyglotta was more comprehensive, extended beyond the confines ofthe Russian Empire and included major languages of East Asia, Southeast Asia and Polar America. Based on a systematic comparison of lexical roots, Klaproth identified and distinguished twenty-three Asian linguistic stocks, which he knew did not represent an exhaustive inventory. Yet he argued for a smaller number of phyla because he recognized the genetic affinity between certain of these stocks and the distinct nature of others. -
Annual Report
ANNUAL REPORT 2018–19 From the Director his year we mark the fifth year of the Lieberthal-Rogel Center for Chinese Studies. The Center was established in 1961 with foundation Tgrants from the Mellon and Ford Foundations, and support from the US Department of Education. The 2014 Rogel Endowment further strength- ened our capacity to offer innovative programming, to fund cutting-edge research on China across the disciplines, to host visiting scholars, postdoctoral fellows, and distinguished practitioners, and, finally, to offer Michigan graduate and undergraduate students internship, research and educational opportunities in China. At this fifth-year juncture, this report summarizes the full range of the Center’s activities since 2014. In particular I want to highlight one of our new programs funded via the Rogel Endowment. The Lieberthal-Rogel Postdoctoral Fellowship has thus far hosted twelve early-career academics. The postdoctoral program runs for two years and the fellows are integrated into the UM Community, both at the Center and at their disciplinary homes where they often teach and take part in seminars and workshops. Our fellows come from diverse disciplinary backgrounds—archeology, comparative literature, political science, to name a few. Their presence at the Center has been transformative for our graduate students and faculty, facilitating new collaborations, mentoring, and joint research. In turn, the Center has University of Michigan Lieberthal-Rogel University been a formative experience for young faculty members as they make the transition from graduate student to faculty positions, think tanks, and even the private sector. We now have former fellows placed at New York University, University of Notre Dame, Hoover Institution, and Facebook as well as many other places. -
Review Article
Review article Language and dialect in China Norbert Francis Northern Arizona University In the study of language learning, researchers sometimes ask how languages in contact are related. They compare the linguistic features of the languages, how the mental grammars of each language sub‑system are represented, put to use in performance, and how they interact. Within a linguistic family, languages can be closely related or distantly related, an interesting factor, for example, in understanding bilingualism and second language development. Dialects, on the other hand, are considered to be variants of the same language. While there is no way to always draw a sharp line between the categories of language and dialect, it is necessary to distinguish between the two kinds of language variation by the application of uniform criteria. The distinction between dialect and language is important for designing bilingual instructional programs, both for students who already speak two languages and for beginning second language learners. Keywords: dialect, language contact, language policy, minority languages, biliteracy, Chinese Introduction Researchers of language learning do not often delve into questions about how lan‑ guages and their varieties are related. One topic of debate however, due in part to widespread commentary outside of the field, often presents itself for explanation: the distinction between the categories of language and dialect. Sociolinguists for their part have contributed most notably to the task of distinguishing in a prin‑ cipled way between these categories; and a clear understanding is important for the study of language learning and for the broader discipline of applied linguistics. This article will present the case for continuing to uphold the traditional concep‑ tion underlying this distinction.