Ο Γλύπτης Γεώργιος Ρήγας the Sculptor Georgios Rigas Le Sculpteur Géorgios Rigas Der Bildhauer Georgios Rigas

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Ο Γλύπτης Γεώργιος Ρήγας the Sculptor Georgios Rigas Le Sculpteur Géorgios Rigas Der Bildhauer Georgios Rigas Ο γλύπτης Γεώργιος Ρήγας The sculptor Georgios Rigas Le sculpteur Géorgios Rigas Der Bildhauer Georgios Rigas ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗ ΠΑΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ DIMITRIS PAVLOPOULOS Ο γλύπτης Γεώργιος Ρήγας Συμβολή στη μελέτη της νεοελληνικής γλυπτικής The sculptor Georgios Rigas Contribution to the study of modern Greek sculpture Le sculpteur Géorgios Rigas Contribution à l’étude de la sculpture néo-hellénique Der Bildhauer Georgios Rigas Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der neugriechischen Bildhauerei ΑΘΗΝΑ | ATHENS 2014 ATHÈNES | ATHEN Η έκδοση αυτή δεν θα ήταν δυνατή χωρίς Cette édition n'aurait pas été possible την ευγενή χορηγία της εταιρείας CPI A.E. sans le mécénat de l'entreprise CPI S.A. This publication would not Die Herausgabe dieses Buches wäre ohne die be possible without the kind support freundliche Unterstützung des Unternehmens of the CPI S.A. company CPI S.A. nicht möglich gewesen Προμετωπίδα: Θεόδωρου Λαζαρή, Γεώργιος Ρήγας, 1933, ελαιογραφία σε μουσαμά, 54 × 42 εκ., Συλλογή Γιώργου Ρήγα. Frontispiece: eodoros Lazaris, Georgios Rigas, 1933, oil on canvas, 54 × 42 cm, George Rigas’s Collection. Frontispice: Théodoros Lazaris, Géorgios Rigas, 1933, peinture à l’huile sur toile, 54 × 42 cm, Collection de Georges Rigas. Frontispiz: eodoros Lazaris, Georgios Rigas, 1933, Öl auf Leinwand, 54 × 42 cm, Sammlung Giorgos Rigas. © ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΡΗΓΑΣ © GEORGE RIGAS ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ ΠΑΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ (κείμενο) DIMITRIS PAVLOPOULOS (text) | (textes) | (Text) ISBN 978-960-93-5265-9 ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ | CONTENTS TABLE DES MATIÈRES | I N H A LT ΕΚΔΟΤΙΚΟ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΜΑ 8 EDITORIAL NOTE NOTICE D’ÉDITION 9 NOTIZ DES HERAUSGEBERS ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ 12 ABOUT THE BOOK SUR LE LIVRE 13 ZU DIESEM BUCH Η επαγγελματική γλυπτική 18 Professional sculpture La sculpture professionnelle 19 Die professionelle Bildhauerkunst στη μεσοπολεμική in interwar dans la Grèce d’Entre-deux- im Griechenland zwischen den Welt- και μεταπολεμική Ελλάδα and postwar Greece guerres et d’après-guerre kriegen und in der Nachkriegszeit Ο άνθρωπος και ο καλλιτέχνης 32 The man and the artist L’homme et l’artiste 33 Der Mensch und der Künstler ΤΑ ΕΡΓΑ 77 THE WORKS LES ŒUVRES 77 DIE WERKE Ειρήνη εκ Κορθίου Άνδρου 78 Ireni from Korthi, Andros Irène de Korthi d’Andros 81 Eirini aus Korthi auf Andros Μαρία Μέγκου 82 Maria Mengou Maria Méngou 83 Maria Mengou Άνδρας 84 Man L’Homme 85 Mann Πηνελόπη Ρήγα 86 Penelope Riga Pénélope Riga 87 Pinelopi Riga Ρωσίδα χορεύτρια 89 Russian Dancer La Danseuse Russe 89 Die russische Tänzerin Ο ζητιάνος 90 The Beggar Le Mendiant 90 Der Bettler Κάιν 92 Cain Caïn 95 Kain Ernst Ziller 96 Ernst Ziller Ernst Ziller 97 Ernst Ziller Η προσευχή 100 The Prayer La Prière 101 Das Gebet Ηρώο 102 Memorial Le Mémorial 102 Heldendenkmal Ηγεμόνη 104 Hegemone Hégémone 109 Hegemone Κακομούτρης 110 Kakomoutris Kakomoutris 113 Kakomoutris Κωνσταντίνος Ρήγας 114 Κonstantinos Rigas Constantinos Rigas 114 Konstantinos Rigas Ο αλητάκος 116 The Bum Le Galapiat 119 Der Straßenjunge Το γράμμα απ’ το χωριό 120 The Letter from the Village La Lettre du village 123 Der Brief aus dem Dorf Σαρκοφάγος 126 Sarcophagus Sarcophage 127 Sarkophag Η ονειροπόλος 130 The Dreamer La Rêveuse 133 Die Träumerin Λίζα Γ. Τσαρμακλή 134 Lisa G. Tsarmakli Lisa G. Tsarmakli 135 Liza G. Tsarmakli Το χαμόγελο 136 The Smile Le Sourire 136 Das Lächeln Η Μαργαρίτα 138 Margarita Marguerite 141 Margarita Η καθοδήγησις 142 The Guidance Le Guidage 145 Die Unterweisung Ευτυχία Καλύβα 146 Eftychia Kalyva Eutychie Kalyva 149 Eftychia Kalyva Λουομένη 150 The Bather La Baigneuse 151 Die Badende Ο Κοτρώνας 152 Kotronas Kotronas 152 Kotronas Αντίγραφα και άλλα έργα 154 Copies and other works Copies et d’autres œuvres 155 Kopien und anderes Werke ΣΗΜΕΙΩΣΕΙΣ 170 NOTES NOTES 171 ANMERKUNGEN ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ 224 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHIE 225 BIBLOGRAFIE ΕΥΡΕΤΉΡΙΟ ΟΝΟΜΑΤΩΝ 226 NAME INDEX INDEX DES NOMS 227 NAMENREGISTER ΕΚΔΟΤΙΚΟ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΜΑ EDITORIAL NOTE Όταν τον Αύγουστο του 2005 επισκέφτηκα την Τήνο When I visited Tinos in August 2005 in order to με σκοπό να δω τα έργα του παππού μου Γεωργίου see the works of my grandfather, Georgios Rigas, Ρήγα στο Μουσείο Τηνίων Καλλιτεχνών του Πύργου, in the Tinian Artists’ Museum in the village of δεν φανταζόμουν τα συναισθήματα που θα μου διή- Pyrgos, I could never have imagined the emotions γειρε αυτή η επίσκεψη. Με το που αντίκρισα απέ- that this visit would elicit. When I saw in front ναντί μου τα δύο γλυπτά του προγόνου μου, βυθίστη- of me the two sculptures that my ancestor had κα σε σκέψεις. Η ζωντάνια των μορφών του έδινε την sculpted, I sank into thought. The lifelike quality εντύπωση πως θα σηκωθούν να σε προϋπαντήσουν! of his sculptures gave one the impression that they Η υπερηφάνεια που ένιωσα, ότι είχα έναν τόσο would come to life and greet you! σπουδαίο πρόγονο, δεν περιγράφεται. Αμέσως άρχι - The pride I felt at having such a great ancestor σα να ψάχνω περισσότερες πληροφορίες για το έργο is beyond words. I immediately began looking for του. Στον κατάλογο με τις πληροφορίες για τα έργα more information about his work. In the cata- του μουσείου, η αναφορά που υπήρχε για τον Γεώρ- logue containing information about the works ex- γιο Ρήγα δεν με διαφώτισε ιδιαίτερα. Η δια πίστωση hibited in the museum, the entry on Georgios ότι το έργο αυτού του καλλιτέχνη έμει νε εντελώς Rigas did not particularly enlighten me. The dis- στην αφάνεια, σε σημείο που να αποδίδουν τα έργα covery that Rigas’s work was in complete obscurity, του σε άλλους καλλιτέχνες, μου έδω σε το έναυσμα to the point that his works were attributed to να αρχίσω να ψάχνω για τη ζωή και το έργο του. other artists, gave me the impetus to start re- Από τη στιγμή εκείνη ξεκινάει μια μακροχρόνια και search on his life and work. φιλόδοξη προσπάθειά μου για την ανάδειξη του That moment was the starting point of a long έργου του. Μίλησα με όσους περισσότερους συγγενείς and ambitious attempt to have his work acknowl- και φίλους που γνώριζαν τον παππού μου μπορού σα. edged. I spoke with as many relatives and friends Συγκέντρωσα λοιπόν όσες περισσότερες πληροφορίες who knew my grandfather as I could. I gathered μπορούσα για τα έργα, τη ζωή και τις συνήθειές του. as much information as I could about his work, Βρήκα και φωτογράφισα όσα έργα του περιήλθαν life and habits. I found and photographed any of στην αντίληψή μου. Ανακάλυψα παλιές φωτογρα- his works that were brought to my attention. I found φίες, συμβόλαια και το πτυχίο του. Έτσι, δημιουργή- old photos, contracts and his degree. This is how θηκε ένα αρχείο για τη ζωή και το έργο του Γεωργίου I created an archive of Georgios Rigas’s life and Ρήγα. Το επόμενο στάδιο ήταν να γίνει ένα βιβλίο με work. The next step was to turn this material into το υλικό αυτό, προκειμένου να περάσουν οι πληρο- a book so that it could be passed on to future φορίες στους επόμενους ερευνητές και εντέλει στην scholars and ultimately to History. During my re- Iστορία. Στη διάρ κεια της αναζήτησης των πληροφο- search I met Dimitris Pavlopoulos, currently an ριών, γνώρισα τον σήμερα επίκουρο καθηγητή Ιστο - Assistant Professor of Art History at the Univer- ρίας της Τέχνης στο Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών Δημήτρη sity of Athens and became aware of his love of Παυλόπουλο και διαπίστωσα την αγάπη του για τη marble sculpture. For this reason I decided to en- μαρμαρογλυπτική. Έτσι, αποφάσισα να του εμπι- trust further research and the writing of the book στευτώ την περαιτέρω έρευνα και τη συγγραφή του to him. I would at this point like to take the op- πονήματος. Θέλω στο σημείο αυτό να ευχαριστήσω portunity to thank the Academician and Emeri- τον ακαδημαϊκό και ομότιμο καθηγητή Ιστορίας της tus Professor of Art History at the University of Τέχνης στο Πα νεπιστήμιο Αθηνών Χρύσανθο A. Athens Chrysanthos Christou, who immediately Χρήστου, που ανταποκρίθηκε στην πρόσκληση να responded to the invitation to write a few words γράψει για την όλη εργασία που έγινε στο βιβλίο. about how this book was written. 8 NOTICE D’ÉDITION NOTIZ DES HERAUSGEBERS En août 2005, lorsque j’ai visité l’île de Tinos dans le Als ich im August 2005 auf die Insel Tinos fuhr, um mir but d’admirer les œuvres de mon grand-père Géor- die Werke meines Großvaters Georgios Rigas im Museum gios Rigas au Musée des Artistes de Tinos à Pyrgos, Tiniotischer Künstler in Pyrgos anzusehen, hatte ich keine je ne pourrais pas imaginer les sentiments que cette Vorstellung davon, welche Gefühle dieser Besuch in mir visite m’exciterait. Dès que j’ai vu en face de moi les wecken würde. Als ich die beiden Skulpturen von ihm vor deux sculptures de mon ancêtre, je me suis plongé mir sah, versank ich in Gedanken. Die Figuren strahlten dans des pensées. La vivacité de ses formes donnait eine derartige Lebendigkeit aus, dass man den Eindruck l’impression que les œuvres se lèveraient pour ac- hatte, sie würden aufstehen und einen begrüßen! cueillir le visiteur ! Einen so bedeutenden Vorfahren zu besitzen, löste Je ne peux pas décrire la fierté que j’ai ressentie, ein unbeschreibliches Gefühl des Stolzes in mir aus. Un- d’avoir eu un ancêtre tellement important. J’ai tout de verzüglich begann ich, nach weiteren Informationen suite commencé à chercher des informations supplé- über sein Werk zu suchen. Der Eintrag zu Georgios Rigas, mentaires sur son œuvre. Sur le catalogue d’informa- den ich im Werkkatalog des Museums fand, war nicht tions concernant les œuvres du musée, la mention qui sonderlich erhellend. Die Feststellung, dass das Werk y existait sur Géorgios Rigas ne m’a pas particulière- dieses Künstlers zu einem solchen Grade unbekannt war, ment éclairé. Le constat que l’œuvre de cet artiste est dass sogar Werke von ihm anderen zugeschrieben wur- tout à fait restée dans l’obscurité au point qu’on attri- den, gab mir den Anstoß, Nachforschungen über sein buait ses œuvres à d’autres artistes, a été le prétexte Leben und sein Werk anzustellen.
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