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Stephen Bing's Part Books Y M.1.S Stephen Bing's Part Books Y M.1.S: The Personal Collection of a 17th-Century Cathedral Musician Complete in Two Volumes Volume One Graham Troeger Bier PhD University of York Music March 2014 2 Abstract Stephen Bing's Part Books Y M.1.S: The Personal Collection of a 17th-Century Cathedral Musician Stephen Bing (1610-1681) has been established as one of the most prolific music copyists of the seventeenth century. His career as a cathedral musician stretched from his training as a chorister in Canterbury Cathedral to his death while working as a lay vicar at Westminster Abbey, a span of sixty-three years encompassing the Laudian Revival, the Interregnum, and the Restoration. He worked with many of the important musicians in English cathedral music during this time, including George Jeffreys, John Barnard, William Turner, William Tucker, John Blow, and Henry Purcell. During the last thirteen years of his life, Bing was engaged in a unique copying project, now known as the 'Bing- Gostling Part books', housed at York Minster Library under the collective shelf-mark M.1.S. This complete set of eight books represents a personal collection of the music Bing had access to as a copyist during those years. Researchers have previously used the Bing-Gostling Part books as a source of specific and isolated anthems and as a way to date Purcell's early works, or mentioned them in a few paragraphs as part of the story of Bing's life. This study investigates the set of part books as an entity in their own right. It contextualises the part books in light of contemporary surviving sources, and in relation to Bing's life as a working cathedral musician. Bing's detailed marginalia are explored as the basis for a study of the transmission of cathedral repertoire during the Restoration. 3 Contents Volume One Abstract 2 Contents, Volume One 3 Contents, Volume Two 5 List of Abbreviations and Library Sigla 7 List of Illustrations 8 List of Tables 9 Accompanying Material 9 Acknowledgements 10 Author's Declaration 11 Chapter One – Stephen Bing and York Minster M.1.S Stephen Bing and York Minster M.1.S 12 Stephen Bing and the Laudian Revival 13 Stephen Bing and the Civil War 19 Stephen Bing and the Restoration 24 York Minster M.1.S: an Introductory Description of Contents and Import 31 Chapter Two – Y M.1.S: a Bibliographical Study Watermarks and Rastra 38 Provenance of Paper and Implications for Y M.1.S 53 Sections and Layers of Copying 57 Chapter Three – John Barnard's First Book of Selected Church Musick The Relationship between Bing's Part books and Barnard's Publication 60 The Services 61 The Four-Voice Anthems 66 The Five-Voice Anthems 69 William Byrd's 'O Lord, make thy Servant' 71 'So in the printed books' 77 Chapter Four – Lincoln Cathedral Lincoln Cathedral's Seventeenth-Century Manuscripts 79 The Relationship between Y M.1.S and LM MS 1 85 4 Chapter Five - St Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral Manuscripts with Bing's Hand 92 Variation within Copyist Handwriting 98 The Service Books 104 Chapter Six – Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey Manuscripts with Stephen Bing's Hand 110 The Relationship between Y M.1.S and Triforium Set 1 111 The Relationship between Y M.1.S and Triforium Set 2 115 Reconstructing Lwa Tc 5 118 Chapter Seven – Thomas Tomkins's Musica Deo sacra, 1668 Sources of Thomas Tomkins's verse anthem 'My beloved spake' 130 Variants among the sources of 'My beloved spake' 135 Organ books in relation to Vocal parts 148 The Flexible Textuality of Verse Anthems 151 Chapter Eight – George Jeffreys Jeffreys and Bing, Colleagues 153 Jeffreys in Y M.1.S 161 The Composer as Revisionist 171 Chapter Nine – Textual Criticism in Y M.1.S Variation between Related Sources 178 Textual Criticism and the Influence on Music Editing 182 Stephen Bing as Scribe 190 5 Volume Two – Contents Rationale 200 Editorial Procedure 202 Appendix 1: Indexes for Y M.1.S 1.1: York Minster - Repertoire Indexes Y M.1/1.S - Medius Cantoris 204 Y M.1/2.S - Contratenor Cantoris 208 Y M.1/3.S - Tenor Cantoris 213 Y M.1/4.S - Bassus Cantoris 217 Y M.1/5.S - Medius Decani 220 Y M.1/6.S - Contratenor Decani 226 Y M.1/7.S - Tenor Decani 232 Y M.1/8.S - Bassus Decani 238 1.2: York Minster - Watermark Indexes Y M.1/1.S - Medius Cantoris 244 Y M.1/2.S - Contratenor Cantoris 246 Y M.1/3.S - Tenor Cantoris 249 Y M.1/4.S - Bassus Cantoris 252 Y M.1/5.S - Medius Decani 254 Y M.1/6.S - Contratenor Decani 257 Y M.1/7.S - Tenor Decani 260 Y M.1/8.S - Bassus Decani 263 Appendix 2: Indexes of Manuscripts related to Y M.1.S 2.1: Lincoln Cathedral LI MS 1 - Bassus 266 2.2: St Paul's Cathedral Lsp MS 259 - Contratenor Decani 269 Lsp MS 260 - Tenor Decani 271 2.3: Westminster Abbey Lwa Triforium 2 Tc 5 - Tenor Decani 272 6 Appendix 3: Editions of Anthems in Y M.1.S Byrd, William - O Lord, make thy servant Charles 276 Tomkins, Thomas - My beloved spake A digital copy of the PDF collating all six sources is enclosed on a compact disc. Y M.1.S 284 Musica Deo sacra 302 Cp MSS 36-45 320 Mp MS 340 Cr 71, GL MS 101, Ob Tenbury 791 337 Jeffreys, George - Great and marvellous are thy works 348 Critical Commentaries 381 Bibliography 386 7 List of Library Sigla and Abbreviations For libraries located in Great Britain, the prefix 'GB-' has been omitted. Cfm Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum Cpc Cambridge, Pembroke College Library Cp Cambridge, Peterhouse College Library Drc Durham Cathedral Library EL Ely Cathedral Library GL Gloucester Cathedral Library LI Lincoln Cathedral Library Lbl London, British Library Lcm London, Royal College of Music Lghl London, Guildhall Library Lsp London, St Paul's Cathedral Library Lwa London, Westminster Abbey Library Ob Oxford, Bodleian Library Och Oxford, Christ Church Library Y York Minster Library US-NYp New York Public Library for the Performing Arts General abbreviations: Service movements: p. page V Venite f. folio Te Te Deum v. verso J Jubilate MS(S) Manuscript(s) K Kyrie MC(D) Medius Cantoris (Decani) C Creed CC(D) Contratenor Cantoris (Decani) B Benedictus TC(D) Tenor Cantoris (Decani) M Magnificat BC(D) Bassus Cantoris (Decani) N Nunc dimittis O Organ Y M.1.S York Minster, eight part books filed together under shelfmark M.1.S First Book John Barnard, First Book of Selected Church Musick (London 1641) other MSS see the Bibliography for manuscript abbreviations 8 List of Illustrations Figure 1 Arms of Amsterdam watermark 39 Figure 2 'AI' counter-mark 39 Figure 3 Sketch and measurements of Figure 1 39 Figure 4 Y M.1/7.S Flyleaves watermark, fleur-de-lis 42 Figure 5 Y M.1/7.S Index watermark, fleur-de-lis 42 Figure 6 Sketch and measurements of Figures 4 and 5 42 Figure 7 Post-horn watermark 45 Figure 8 Sketch and measurements of Figure 6 45 Figure 9 Pillars 'ARO' watermark 48 Figure 10 Sketch and measurements of Figure 9 48 Figure 11 'Bowl' fleur-de-lis watermark 50 Figure 12 'Small' fleur-de-lis watermark 51 Figure 13 'Large' fleur-de-lis watermark 52 Figure 14 Sketch of Figures 11, 12 and 13 52 Figure 15 G clef from Morley's 1597 Plaine and Easy Introduction 62 Figure 16 G clef from Och 432 62 Figure 17 G clef from John Playford's 1677 Psalmes 62 Figure 18 G clef from Y M.1.S 62 Figure 19 F clef from Barnard's First Book 63 Figure 20 F clefs variants from Y 1.M.S 63 Figure 21 Y M.1/8.S p. 11, reference to 'printed books' 65 Figure 22 Y M.1/6.S p. 93, diamond note-head 68 Figure 23 Y M.1/5.S, p. 157, heading with dates mentioning Lincoln 85 Figure 24 Fleur-de-lis watermark in Lsp 259-260 93 Figure 25 Lsp MS 260, Tucker Benedicite 97 Figure 26 Y M.1/7.S, Tucker Benedicite 97 Figure 27 Y M.1/8.S, Rogers in Gamut, Kyrie, showing formal fermatas 100 Figure 28 Comparison of Doxology hands in Lsp 259 and Y M.1.S 101 Figure 29 Y M.1/4.S, p. 9, Strogers Short, Nunc dimittis 103 Figure 30 Y M.1/4.S, p. 64, Blow Short, Nunc dimittis 103 Figure 31 Y M.1/2.S, p. 18, marginalia referencing Westminster Books 115 Figure 32 Y M.1/5.S, p. 175, marginalia referencing Musica Deo sacra 142 Figure 33 Y M.1/5.S, p. 157, marginalia referencing Musica Deo sacra 147 Figure 34 Y M.1/8.S, p. 162, marginalia referencing the Chapel Books 192 9 List of Tables Table 1 Stephen Bing's section headings in Y M.1.S 59 Table 2 Services at the beginning of the First Book and Y M.1.S 61 Table 3 Four-voice anthems in the First Book and Y M.1.S 67 Table 4 Five-voice anthems in the First Book and Y M.1.S 69 Table 5 Six-voice anthems in the First Book and Y M.1.S 70 Table 6 Byrd 'O Lord', variations between Y M.1.S and the First Book 77 Table 7 Dates in LI MSS 1-4 80 Table 8 Y M.1.S Decani four-voice anthems, first two pages 82 Table 9 LI MS 1, the order of several anthems copied c.1700 84 Table 10 Turner concordance between Y M.1.S and LI MSS 1-4 88 Table 11 Consecutive anthems in Y M.1.S and Lwa Triforium Set 1 112 Table 12 Order of four-voice anthems in Lwa Tc 5 and Y M.1.S 123 Table 13 Reconstruction of Lwa Tc 5 125 Table 14 Length of verses by source of 'My beloved spake' 139 Table 15 Concordances of Jeffreys music found in Y M.1.S 164 Accompanying Material Supplementary Edition Thomas Tomkins – My beloved spake a full score collating all six sources of the anthem requiring A3 paper enclosed as a PDF on compact disc 10 Acknowledgements This dissertation is the result of many varieties of support from many different quarters.
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