Victor Lenzen Papers, [Ca
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Bibliotheca Sacra
Critical Noles. [Jan. ARTICLE X. CRITICAL NOTES. ROYCE'S "CONCEPTION OF GOD.") THIS work is a report of a discussion held before the Philosophical Union of the University of California in 1895. It coittains the leading address of the symposium by Professor Royce; remarks, critical and con structive, by the other participants in the discussion; and finally a sup plemental essay by Professor Royce in which he develops more thor oughly his central doctrine, and replies to his critics. It is apparent, from Professor Royce's introductory remarks, that the Philosophical Union of the University has beeu studying his work, "The Religious Aspect of Philosophy." .. Were there time, I should be glad indeed if I were able to throw any light 011 that little book. But my time is short. The great problems of philosophy are pressing. It is the death of your philosophizing if you come to believe anything merely be cause you have once maintained it. Let us lay aside, then, both text and tradition, and come face to face with ollr philosophical problem it self" (pp. 5, 6). This seems to breathe a spirit of admirable candor; but if, as we shall find later, the conclusions of Royce's present discussion are utterly irreconcilable with his results in .. The Religious Aspect," it would seem more candid, and also a saving of time, at least for the stu dents of the Philosophical Union, to recognize and deal thoroughly with this fact at the outset. In seeking a philosophical conception of God, Royce begins with the idea of an Omniscient Being. -
A Century of Mathematics in America, Peter Duren Et Ai., (Eds.), Vol
Garrett Birkhoff has had a lifelong connection with Harvard mathematics. He was an infant when his father, the famous mathematician G. D. Birkhoff, joined the Harvard faculty. He has had a long academic career at Harvard: A.B. in 1932, Society of Fellows in 1933-1936, and a faculty appointmentfrom 1936 until his retirement in 1981. His research has ranged widely through alge bra, lattice theory, hydrodynamics, differential equations, scientific computing, and history of mathematics. Among his many publications are books on lattice theory and hydrodynamics, and the pioneering textbook A Survey of Modern Algebra, written jointly with S. Mac Lane. He has served as president ofSIAM and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Mathematics at Harvard, 1836-1944 GARRETT BIRKHOFF O. OUTLINE As my contribution to the history of mathematics in America, I decided to write a connected account of mathematical activity at Harvard from 1836 (Harvard's bicentennial) to the present day. During that time, many mathe maticians at Harvard have tried to respond constructively to the challenges and opportunities confronting them in a rapidly changing world. This essay reviews what might be called the indigenous period, lasting through World War II, during which most members of the Harvard mathe matical faculty had also studied there. Indeed, as will be explained in §§ 1-3 below, mathematical activity at Harvard was dominated by Benjamin Peirce and his students in the first half of this period. Then, from 1890 until around 1920, while our country was becoming a great power economically, basic mathematical research of high quality, mostly in traditional areas of analysis and theoretical celestial mechanics, was carried on by several faculty members. -
The Generalization of Logic According to G.Boole, A.De Morgan
South American Journal of Logic Vol. 3, n. 2, pp. 415{481, 2017 ISSN: 2446-6719 Squaring the unknown: The generalization of logic according to G. Boole, A. De Morgan, and C. S. Peirce Cassiano Terra Rodrigues Abstract This article shows the development of symbolic mathematical logic in the works of G. Boole, A. De Morgan, and C. S. Peirce. Starting from limitations found in syllogistic, Boole devised a calculus for what he called the algebra of logic. Modifying the interpretation of categorial proposi- tions to make them agree with algebraic equations, Boole was able to show an isomorphism between the calculus of classes and of propositions, being indeed the first to mathematize logic. Having a different purport than Boole's system, De Morgan's is conceived as an improvement on syllogistic and as an instrument for the study of it. With a very unusual system of symbols of his own, De Morgan develops the study of logical relations that are defined by the very operation of signs. Although his logic is not a Boolean algebra of logic, Boole took from De Morgan at least one central notion, namely, the one of a universe of discourse. Peirce crit- ically sets out both from Boole and from De Morgan. Firstly, claiming Boole had exaggeratedly submitted logic to mathematics, Peirce strives to distinguish the nature and the purpose of each discipline. Secondly, identifying De Morgan's limitations in his rigid restraint of logic to the study of relations, Peirce develops compositions of relations with classes. From such criticisms, Peirce not only devises a multiple quantification theory, but also construes a very original and strong conception of logic as a normative science. -
Peirce for Whitehead Handbook
For M. Weber (ed.): Handbook of Whiteheadian Process Thought Ontos Verlag, Frankfurt, 2008, vol. 2, 481-487 Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914) By Jaime Nubiola1 1. Brief Vita Charles Sanders Peirce [pronounced "purse"], was born on 10 September 1839 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Sarah and Benjamin Peirce. His family was already academically distinguished, his father being a professor of astronomy and mathematics at Harvard. Though Charles himself received a graduate degree in chemistry from Harvard University, he never succeeded in obtaining a tenured academic position. Peirce's academic ambitions were frustrated in part by his difficult —perhaps manic-depressive— personality, combined with the scandal surrounding his second marriage, which he contracted soon after his divorce from Harriet Melusina Fay. He undertook a career as a scientist for the United States Coast Survey (1859- 1891), working especially in geodesy and in pendulum determinations. From 1879 through 1884, he was a part-time lecturer in Logic at Johns Hopkins University. In 1887, Peirce moved with his second wife, Juliette Froissy, to Milford, Pennsylvania, where in 1914, after 26 years of prolific and intense writing, he died of cancer. He had no children. Peirce published two books, Photometric Researches (1878) and Studies in Logic (1883), and a large number of papers in journals in widely differing areas. His manuscripts, a great many of which remain unpublished, run to some 100,000 pages. In 1931-58, a selection of his writings was arranged thematically and published in eight volumes as the Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Beginning in 1982, a number of volumes have been published in the series A Chronological Edition, which will ultimately consist of thirty volumes. -
The Hiring of James Mark Baldwin and James Gibson Hume at Toronto in 1889
History of Psychology Copyright 2004 by the Educational Publishing Foundation 2004, Vol. 7, No. 2, 130–153 1093-4510/04/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/1093-4510.7.2.130 THE HIRING OF JAMES MARK BALDWIN AND JAMES GIBSON HUME AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO IN 1889 Christopher D. Green York University In 1889, George Paxton Young, the University of Toronto’s philosophy professor, passed away suddenly while in the midst of a public debate over the merits of hiring Canadians in preference to American and British applicants for faculty positions. As a result, the process of replacing Young turned into a continuation of that argument, becoming quite vociferous and involving the popular press and the Ontario gov- ernment. This article examines the intellectual, political, and personal dynamics at work in the battle over Young’s replacement and its eventual resolution. The outcome would have an impact on both the Canadian intellectual scene and the development of experimental psychology in North America. In 1889 the University of Toronto was looking to hire a new professor of philosophy. The normally straightforward process of making a university appoint- ment, however, rapidly descended into an unseemly public battle involving not just university administrators, but also the highest levels of the Ontario govern- ment, the popular press, and the population of the city at large. The debate was not pitched solely, or even primarily, at the level of intellectual issues, but became intertwined with contentious popular questions of nationalism, religion, and the proper place of science in public education. The impact of the choice ultimately made would reverberate not only through the university and through Canada’s broader educational establishment for decades to come but, because it involved James Mark Baldwin—a man in the process of becoming one of the most prominent figures in the study of the mind—it also rippled through the nascent discipline of experimental psychology, just then gathering steam in the United States of America. -
Peirce and the Founding of American Sociology
Journal of Classical Sociology Copyright © 2006 SAGE Publications London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi Vol 6(1): 23–50 DOI: 10.1177/1468795X06061283 www.sagepublications.com Peirce and the Founding of American Sociology NORBERT WILEY University of Illinois, Urbana ABSTRACT This paper argues that Charles Sanders Peirce contributed signific- antly to the founding of American sociology, doing so at the level of philosophical presuppositions or meta-sociology. I emphasize two of his ideas. One is semiotics, which is virtually the same as the anthropologists’ concept of culture. This latter concept in turn was essential to clarifying the sociologists’ idea of the social or society. Peirce also created the modern theory of the dialogical self, which explained the symbolic character of human beings and proved foundational for social psychology. Politically Peirce was a right-wing conservative, but his ideas eventually contributed to the egalitarian views of culures and sub-cultures. In addition his ideas contributed, by way of unanticipated consequences, to the 20th- century human rights revolutions in the American legal system. Thus he was both a founder of sociology and a founder of American political liberalism. KEYWORDS early American sociology, inner speech, Peirce, semiotics Introduction Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) originated several ideas that contributed to social theory, particularly to its philosophical underpinnings. Some of these are in unfamiliar contexts and in need of a slight re-framing or re-conceptualization. They also need to be related to each other. But, assuming these finishing touches, Peirce hadFirst a cluster of powerful insights that tradeProof heavily on the notions of the symbolic, the semiotic, the dialogical, the cultural and the self – ideas central to social theory. -
Gender and Modernity in Transnational Perspective: Hugo Munsterberg and the American Woman
Gender and Modernity in Transnational Perspective: Hugo Munsterberg and the American Woman RENA SANDERSON INTRODUCTION TN ONE OF THE FIRST and best-known collections of cultural criticism in .LAmerica, Civilization in the United States (1922), Harold Stearns begins his chapter on "The Intellectual Life" with this widely quoted passage: When Professor Einstein roused the ire of the women's clubs by stating that "women dominate the entire life of Amer- ica," and that "there are cities with a million population, but cities suffering from terrible poverty - the poverty of intellec- tual things," he was but repeating a criticism of our life now old enough to be almost a clichi. Hardly any intelligent foreigner has failed to observe and comment upon the extraordinary femi- nization of American social life, and oftenest he has coupled this observation with a few biting remarks concerning the intel- lectual anaemia or torpor that seems to accompany it. Stearns goes on to argue that, in the case of America's feminization, "the spontaneous judgment of the perceptive foreigner is to a remarkable de- gree correct."1 By invoking the foreigner's perspective, Stearns was try- ing to impart a certain freshness to what would otherwise have been old news. Although Stearns was speaking of Einstein, his description of the "perceptive foreigner" applies even more fittingly to another German- Jewish intellectual, Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916).2 Starting some two decades prior to the publication of Civilization in the United States, Mun- sterberg surveyed many of the same phenomena treated in that anthol- ogy and anticipated many of its criticisms of American culture. -
“Nervous Diseases” and the Politics of Healing: William James, Josiah Royce, and the Early Dynamic Psychiatry Movement in America
Article . “Nervous Diseases” and the Politics of Healing: William James, Josiah Royce, and the Early Dynamic Psychiatry Movement in America Matthew D. Bessette SUNY-Brockport Abstract A prominent feature of the postbellum, industrialized landscape in America was a preoccupation with a protean illness that sapped the vitality of otherwise healthily- constituted people. Termed neurasthenia, and otherwise known as the disease of civilization, the sociomedical discourse that formed around it became the cultural idiom through which a variety of elites, nonspecialists, and medical professionals negotiated their way through a changing social order. Yet social and cultural conflict was also ingrained in this discourse and the optimistic healing narrative that accompanied it. This becomes evident by analyzing the critical writings of William James and Josiah Royce, two Harvard philosophers, public intellectuals, and well- respected psychologists within the “Boston School” of psychology, against the influential articles and treatises that the incipient dynamic psychiatry movement within American medicine generated from 1909 through the Great War. Thus beyond exploring the ways in which the desire for cultural and personal renewal was held in common, the task left to historical inquiry is to analyze the reasons why it diverged between those who saw a fresh need to resuscitate the traditional republican virtues of discipline, self-reliance, and civic responsibility by allowing strenuous, ethical ideals to flourish in everyday life, and those who envisioned the enlightened direction and intervention of scientific physicians ushering in a new age of psychosomatic health and societal progress. A prominent feature of the postbellum, industrialized landscape in America was a preoccupation with a protean illness that sapped the vitality of otherwise healthily-constituted people. -
Benjamin Peirce and the Howland Will
Benjamin Peirce and the Howland Will Paul Meier; Sandy Zabell Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 75, No. 371. (Sep., 1980), pp. 497-506. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0162-1459%28198009%2975%3A371%3C497%3ABPATHW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G Journal of the American Statistical Association is currently published by American Statistical Association. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/astata.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Tue Apr 1 14:55:42 2008 Beniamin Peirce and the Howland Will PAUL MElER and SANDY ZABELL* The Howland will case is possibly the earliest instance in American that the earlier will should be recognized. -
Organizing Knowledge and Behavior at Yale's Institute of Human Relations Author(S): J
Organizing Knowledge and Behavior at Yale's Institute of Human Relations Author(s): J. G. Morawski Source: Isis, Vol. 77, No. 2 (Jun., 1986), pp. 219-242 Published by: University of Chicago Press on behalf of History of Science Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/232650 Accessed: 22-12-2015 00:42 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. History of Science Society and University of Chicago Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Isis. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 129.133.6.95 on Tue, 22 Dec 2015 00:42:52 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Organizing Knowledge and Behavior at Yale's Institute of Human Relations By J. G. Morawski* IN 1929 JAMES ANGELL, president of Yale, announced plans for a unique teaching and research center for those fields "directly concerned with the problems of man's individual and group conduct. The purpose is to correlate knowledge and coordinate technique in related fields that greater progress may be made in the understanding of human life. The time has certainly come once again to attempt a fruitful synthesis of knowledge." The New York Times described the experiment as dismantling the disciplinary "Great Wall of China" and compared it with the Renaissance transformation of knowledge.1 The Insti- tute of Human Relations (IHR), as the center was named, received over $4.5 million from the Rockefeller Foundation for its first decade of operation. -
Psychologists and Physicians in the Borderlands of Science, 1900-1942
PSYCHOLOGISTS AND PHYSICIANS IN THE BORDERLANDS OF SCIENCE, 1900-1942 By WADE EDWARD PICKREN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1995 For my mother: WILLIE MERLE PICKREN, and in memoriam, BILL PICKREN, You taught me to love and work. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to the chairman of my dissertation committee, Donald A. Dewsbury. Dr. Dewsbury has, from the beginning of this long project, been a model of encouragement, kindness, and unfailing generosity. He has shared his time, his great breadth of learning, his editorial ability, and his materials with me. My understanding of the history of psychology has been greatly deepened by our conversations. I also wish to acknowledge that Dr. Dewsbury has helped me to understand that data is a plural! Dr. Wilse B. Webb has also stimulated much thought in me about what I was doing and where I was going with my ideas. Although I did not avail myself of his wisdom as oft as I would have liked, his voice and his sharp eye were always with me. I hope that, in the future, time will allow me a greater opportunity to benefit from his great knowledge and experience. Both near at hand and from afar, Dr. Toby Appel has blessed me with the keenness of her insight . Her acceptance and friendly corrections of my halting efforts to write history have been much appreciated. One of my most pleasant memories of this experience is that of sitting at a table at iii Cafe Gardens talking about the history of biology or psychology, while hoping to hear some Van Morrison on the house music system. -
The Misogyny of Psychology: a Tribute to Women Often Overlooked
Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU Honors Projects Honors College Spring 5-8-2020 The Misogyny of Psychology: A Tribute to Women Often Overlooked Gabrielle Miller [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/honorsprojects Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Psychology Commons Repository Citation Miller, Gabrielle, "The Misogyny of Psychology: A Tribute to Women Often Overlooked" (2020). Honors Projects. 519. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/honorsprojects/519 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. Table of Contents Preface 3 Mary Whiton Calkins 4 Melanie Klein 5 Karen Horney 6 Leta Stetter Hollingworth 7 Inez Prosser 8 Anna Freud 9 Mary Ainsworth 10 Bernice Neugarten 11 Mamie Phipps Clark 12 Janet Taylor Spence 13 Florence Denmark 14 Bonnie Strickland 15 Afterword 16 References 18 2 | P a g e Preface The basis for this project stemmed from my passion for spreading positive energy. Additionally, my altruistic values provide me with a strong sense of duty to do the right thing at the same time that I believe it is my responsibility to help others, especially because I have been afforded the luxury of a college education although many others do not share this privilege. Under those circumstances, I wanted to speak on the issue of inequal representation of diverse identities, with special attention to the branches of science which historically refused to give due credit to individuals other than straight, white men.