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Scalable Multi-View Stereo Camera Array for Real World Real-Time Image Capture and Three-Dimensional Displays
Scalable Multi-view Stereo Camera Array for Real World Real-Time Image Capture and Three-Dimensional Displays Samuel L. Hill B.S. Imaging and Photographic Technology Rochester Institute of Technology, 2000 M.S. Optical Sciences University of Arizona, 2002 Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences, School of Architecture and Planning in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Media Arts and Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2004 © 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All Rights Reserved. Signature of Author:<_- Samuel L. Hill Program irlg edia Arts and Sciences May 2004 Certified by: / Dr. V. Michael Bove Jr. Principal Research Scientist Program in Media Arts and Sciences ZA Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Andrew Lippman Chairperson Department Committee on Graduate Students MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Program in Media Arts and Sciences JUN 172 ROTCH LIBRARIES Scalable Multi-view Stereo Camera Array for Real World Real-Time Image Capture and Three-Dimensional Displays Samuel L. Hill Submitted to the Program in Media Arts and Sciences School of Architecture and Planning on May 7, 2004 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Media Arts and Sciences Abstract The number of three-dimensional displays available is escalating and yet the capturing devices for multiple view content are focused on either single camera precision rigs that are limited to stationary objects or the use of synthetically created animations. In this work we will use the existence of inexpensive digital CMOS cameras to explore a multi- image capture paradigm and the gathering of real world real-time data of active and static scenes. -
3D Techniques
3D Techniques Univ.Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Rupp LVA 389.141 Fachvertiefung Telekommunikation (LVA: 389.137 Image and Video Compression) Last change: Jan 20, 2020 Outline • Binocluar Vision • Stereo Images: From first approaches to standardisation • 3D TV Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Rupp 2 So far we did only this… This is an eye-pad not an IPad Binocular vision • Binocular vision is vision in which both eyes are used together. The word binocular comes from two Latin roots, bini for double, and oculus for eye.[1] Having two eyes confers at least four advantages over having one. First, it gives a creature a spare eye in case one is damaged. Second, it gives a wider field of view. For example, humans have a maximum horizontal field of view of approximately 200 degrees with two eyes, approximately 120 degrees of which makes up the binocular field of view (seen by both eyes) flanked by two uniocular fields (seen by only one eye) of approximately 40 degrees. [2] Third, it gives binocular summation in which the ability to detect faint objects is enhanced.[3] Fourth it can give stereopsis in which parallax provided by the two eyes' different positions on the head give precise depth perception.[4] Such binocular vision is usually accompanied by singleness of vision or binocular fusion, in which a single image is seen despite each eye's having its own image of any object.[4] Binocular vision • Some animals, usually prey animals, have their two eyes positioned on opposite sides of their heads to give the widest possible field of view. -
Dr. Juan Carlos Jácome Fernández
Title CAPTURING OF 3D CONTENT USING A SINGLE APERTURE CAMERA Name: Dr. Juan Carlos Jácome Fernández This is a digitised version of a dissertation submitted to the University of Bedfordshire. It is available to view only. This item is subject to copyright. CAPTURING OF 3D CONTENT USING A SINGLE APERTURE CAMERA By Juan Carlos Jácome Fernández A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2017 Abstract Integral imaging has recently re-emerged as an alternative to current 3D capturing systems, providing post-production refocusing capabilities and reducing the complexity of 3D capturing systems. One of the main drawbacks of conventional plenoptic 1 integral imaging systems is the implementation of a single custom made microlens array which has a fixed focal length and a high cost/low scalability associated with. This thesis demonstrates a variable focal length microlens arrays system, which can flexibly operate within a range of various focal lengths, increase the cost-effectiveness of the integral imaging system and offers the opportunity to manipulate the main camera optical parameters without modifying the objective lens settings. To validate the proposed concept, a custom-made integral imaging camera system was designed and built (IMPERX 4K system). Based on the results obtained from two initial optical simulations, software simulation and mathematical model; the suitable microlens arrays were acquired, and several experiments were performed to establish the feasibility of a variable focal length microlens arrays system. The results obtained show the proposed system performed as expected. The variable focal length system represents an ideal method to control microlens focal length, as it offers a higher microlens count, without a dedicated electronic system, whose performance is not susceptible to temperature-pressure changes and can operate in real-time as it does not require downtimes to re-adjust. -
Proximal Monitoring in Landscape Environments
Department of Mathematics and Statistics Proximal Monitoring in Landscape Environments Shuqi Ng This dissertation is presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Curtin University December 2017 DECLARATION To the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgement has been made. This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. Shuqi Ng March 2017 ABSTRACT With the implementation of the initiatives in reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), the accurate determination of the spatio-temporal variation of carbon stocks is crucial. Woody vegetation is one of the more noteworthy carbon storage pools. However, ever-changing forest inventory makes it difficult for countries to accurately measure woody biomass and by extension, predict carbon stocks. Although the most accurate mensuration of biomass is to harvest a tree, the method is destructive and obstructs the REDD initiative. Non- destructive methods use dendrometric measurements that have been obtained from non-contact, remote sensing technologies to estimate biomass derived from allometric models. The commodity stereo-camera is an alternate consideration to remote sensing technologies currently used such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), which requires specialized equipment and some expertise in using the equipment. Improving technologies and software has enabled the photogrammetric measurements of objects to be reasonably accurate comparative to TLS. As a more mobile and cost-effective equipment, it also addresses some of the issues in using laser technology. In photogrammetric measurement, the application of spatial scale to the model is critical for accurate distance and volume estimates (Miller (2015)). -
Synthesis, Coding, and Evaluation of 3D Images Based on Integral Imaging
Synthesis, Coding, and Evaluation of 3D Images Based on Integral Imaging Roger Olsson Department of Information Technology and Media Mid Sweden University Doctoral Thesis No. 55 Sundsvall, Sweden 2008 Mittuniversitetet Informationsteknologi och medier ISBN 978-91-85317-98-1 SE-851 70 Sundsvall ISSN 1652-893X SWEDEN Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av Mittuniversitetet framlägges till offent- lig granskning för avläggande av Teknologie Doktorsexamen torsdagen den 12 juni 2008 i L111, Mittuniversitetet, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall. c Roger Olsson, maj 2008 Tryck: Kopieringen, Mittuniversitetet, Sundsvall. Always in motion is the future Yoda iv Sammanfattning De senaste åren har kameraprototyper som kan fånga tredimensionella (3D) bilder presenterats, baserade på 3D-tekniken Integral Imaging (II). När dessa II-bilder be- traktas på en 3D-skärm, delger de både ett djup och ett innehåll som på ett realistiskt sätt ändrar perspektiv när tittaren ändrar sin betraktningsposition. Avhandlingen koncentrerar sig på tre hämmande faktorer gällande II-bilder. För det första finns det en mycket begränsad allmän tillgång till II-bilder för jämförande forskning och utveckling av kodningsmetoder. Det finns heller inga objektiva kvali- tetsmått som uttryckligen mäter distorsion med avseende på II-bildens egenskaper: djup och betraktningsvinkelberoende. Slutligen uppnår nuvarande standarder för bildkodning låg kodningseffektivitet när de appliceras på II-bilder. En metod baserad på datorrendrering har utvecklats som tillåter produktion av olika typer av II-bilder. En II-kameramodell ingår som bas, kombinerad med ett scen- beskrivningsspråk som möjligör att godtydligt komplexa virtuella scener definieras. Ljustransporten inom scenen och fram till II-kameran simuleras med strålföljning och geometrisk optik. Den presenterade metoden används för att skapa ett antal II- kameramodeller, scendefinitioner och II-bilder. -
Generation of 3-D Synthetic Autostereoscopic Integral Images Using Computer Simulated Cameras
GENERATION OF 3-D SYNTHETIC AUTOSTEREOSCOPIC INTEGRAL IMAGES USING COMPUTER SIMULATED CAMERAS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Shafik Salih Electronic and Computer Engineering School of Engineering and Design Brunel University March 2014 Abstract ________________________________________________________ Production of artificial Three-Dimension (3-D) images was the aim of many researches over hundreds of years. 3-D images are the images that create sense of depth when viewing them. 3-D images are closer to the real world scenes than 2-D images due to the 3-D effect or the sense of depth the 3-D images provide. Sense of depth can be caused by binocular cues including convergence and parallax. Convergence is created by the difference between the angles of the left eye and the right eye viewing axes. Parallax is the effect of viewing with one eye a view of the scene that is inherently shifted to the view seen by the other eye. Several techniques have targeted the creation of 3-D images with the mentioned cues. The technique is preferred when it is able to create 3-D images so that the viewer can view these images without wearing special glasses and the occurrence of viewer fatigue. Integral photography that was invented in 1908 is able to meet the previous requirements. Based on integral photography, several techniques, research and studies have been published. The purposes of this thesis include the computer simulation of flexible integral photography systems, the computer generation of good quality 3-D static and animated integral images using the simulated systems, optimising the generation process to be more accurate, less expensive, more effective, and faster, and producing a portable specialist software tool to achieve these targets. -
A Method for the Assessment of the Quality of Stereoscopic 3D Images Raluca Vlad
A Method for the Assessment of the Quality of Stereoscopic 3D Images Raluca Vlad To cite this version: Raluca Vlad. A Method for the Assessment of the Quality of Stereoscopic 3D Images. Signal and Image Processing. Université de Grenoble, 2013. English. tel-00925280v2 HAL Id: tel-00925280 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925280v2 Submitted on 10 Jan 2014 (v2), last revised 28 Feb 2014 (v3) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE Spécialité : Signal, Image, Parole, Télécommunications (SIPT) Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par Mlle Raluca VLAD Thèse dirigée par Mme Anne GUÉRIN-DUGUÉ et Mme Patricia LADRET préparée au sein du laboratoire Grenoble - Images, Parole, Signal, Automatique (GIPSA-lab) dans l’école doctorale d’Électronique, Électrotechnique, Automatique et Traitement du signal (EEATS) Une méthode pour l’évaluation de la qualité des images 3D stéréoscopiques Thèse soutenue publiquement le 2 décembre 2013, devant le jury composé de : Patrick LE CALLET -
Stereo World Magazine and Enroli Me As a Bad Time to Invest Not in Just Rare Member of the National Stereoscopic Association
3-0 Imaging Past & Present November/December 2008 Volume 34, Number 3 A taste of tho lato qos through tho oady '608 found in amatour storm slidas bg~uk~lll~c I were made. Thev are both mount- watching the adventures of the Space Gear for Christmas ed in the old st);le gray Kodak Robinson family in Lost in Space, t's not often that both images in heat-seal mounts with red edges. which I'm sure had numerous tie- this column are of the same sub- These two brothers apparently in products that made their way to ject, taken within moments of got up CMstmas morning and CMstmas wish lists, but that was I found space helmets (complete probably nearly a decade after each other, but this pair just seemed too good not to share with inflatable shoulder pads) and these guys became space explorers. them both! weapons waiting for them under The photographer must have These slides were found in an the tree. Since this was a bit before been using a rather slow exposure accumulation of images that my time, I don't know if these out- setting and moved the camera fits were offidal replicas based on when taking these photos, since appear to have been taken in the TV 1950s, although these particular some show or comic book flames from the fireplace can be ones contain no notes or informa- series, or if they were just generic seen through the one boy's pants, when space toys. Personally, I grew up and I'm sure he's not on fire! tion as to or where they Fortunately for the boys, these bubble-style helmets appear to have had large rectangular open- ings in front of their faces, which would not be so useful in space, but would have kept young explor- ers on earth supplied with enough oxygen to avoid problems. -
Atelier 3D 20/04/2011
Clubs IBM Photo + Video + Micro Atelier 3D 20/04/2011 ChristopheChristophe DentingerDentinger Sommaire de l’Atelier 3D Partie ‘théorique’ (40 minutes) Origines / Fondement de la 3D / Stéréoscopie / Histoire des techniques 3D Techniques et matériels prises de vue Photo et Vidéo 3D Techniques et matériels de Visualisation 3D / Logiciels Ateliers parallèles (3 x 20 minutes en 3 groupes) Salle Audiovisuelle: Démonstration de l’adaptateur réflex 3D Loreo, Démonstration du Fuji W3, Visualisation photos avec Loreo Pixi 3D Viewer Club Video: Démonstration GoPro, Réglage effet 3D sous Cineform studio, Exportation des vidéos et visualisation au format Anaglyphe rouge / cyan Club Micro: Visualisation avec lunettes actives NVIDIA de photos et vidéos prises avec le Fuji W3 et L’adaptateur Loreo 3D Utilisation de Myfinepix studio pour gérer les fichiers 3D MPO / AVI Utilisation de Stereo Photo Maker pour aligner et exporter les photos 3D Page 2 Origines / Fondements de la 3D Fondements: La 3D est liée principalement à l’un de nos 5 sens (la vision) et l’interaction avec l’espace qui nous entoure Espace et 3D ‘Naturelle’ L’espace est une notion qui correspond à la perception de notre environnement naturel physique par l’un de nos sens (vue). L’espace géométrique euclidien est une représentation mathématique qui modélise cet environnement (par exemple 2 dimensions pour le sol = 4 directions et la 3ième dimension pour la hauteur), l’axe vertical étant ‘causé’ par la gravité. La part de l’évolution dans la vision Adaptation des espèces animales: Par exemple les animaux chassés ont une vision panoramique alors que les prédateurs doivent percevoir les distances. -
A Uav-Based Low-Cost Stereo Camera System for Archaeological Surveys - Experiences from Doliche (Turkey)
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-1/W2, 2013 UAV-g2013, 4 – 6 September 2013, Rostock, Germany A UAV-BASED LOW-COST STEREO CAMERA SYSTEM FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS - EXPERIENCES FROM DOLICHE (TURKEY) K. Haubeck a, T. Prinz b a Institute of Geography, Westfalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Germany – [email protected] b Institute for Geoinformatics, Westfalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Germany – [email protected] KEY WORDS: Archaeology, Application, DEM/DTM, Orthoimage, Close Range, UAV, Stereoscopic ABSTRACT: The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for surveying archaeological sites is becoming more and more common due to their advantages in rapidity of data acquisition, cost-efficiency and flexibility. One possible usage is the documentation and visualization of historic geo-structures and -objects using UAV-attached digital small frame cameras. These monoscopic cameras offer the possibility to obtain close-range aerial photographs, but – under the condition that an accurate nadir-waypoint flight is not possible due to choppy or windy weather conditions – at the same time implicate the problem that two single aerial images not always meet the required overlap to use them for 3D photogrammetric purposes. In this paper, we present an attempt to replace the monoscopic camera with a calibrated low-cost stereo camera that takes two pictures from a slightly different angle at the same time. Our results show that such a geometrically predefined stereo image pair can be used for photogrammetric purposes e.g. the creation of digital terrain models (DTMs) and orthophotos or the 3D extraction of single geo-objects. -
The 3D New Wave and the Future Image ~ Trend of 3D Autostereoscopic Display and Its Future Image ~
Fujiwara-Rothchild, Ltd. Trend of 3D autostereoscopic display and its future image July, 2010 Market Research Report published on July, 2010 The 3D new wave and the future image ~ Trend of 3D autostereoscopic display and Its future image ~ Fujiwara-Rothchild, Ltd. Y’s Bldg. 3F, 3-6-15 Kanda-Jimbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0051 JAPAN Phone : 03-3239-3008 FAX: 03-3239-8081 E-mail: [email protected] The 3D new wave and the future image Copyright 2010 Fujiwara-Rothchild, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Y’s Bldg. 3F, 3-6-15 Kanda-Jimbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0051 JAPAN Phone:81-3-3239-3008 Fax:81-3-3239-8081 Email:[email protected] 1 Fujiwara-Rothchild, Ltd. Trend of 3D autostereoscopic display and its future image July, 2010 INDEX 1. Preface ........................................................................................................ 7 2. Exective Summary ..................................................................................... 9 3. 3D back groung ........................................................................................ 12 3.1. 3D History ........................................................................................................... 12 3.2. Trend of Film industry ........................................................................................ 13 3.2.1. Movie business ............................................................................................. 13 3.2.2. Active demand of recent Hollywood 3D movie ........................................... 15 3.2.3. 3D Movie bussiness ..................................................................................... -
Image and Video Compression Coding Theory Contents
Image and Video Compression Coding Theory Contents 1 JPEG 1 1.1 The JPEG standard .......................................... 1 1.2 Typical usage ............................................. 1 1.3 JPEG compression ........................................... 2 1.3.1 Lossless editing ........................................ 2 1.4 JPEG files ............................................... 3 1.4.1 JPEG filename extensions ................................... 3 1.4.2 Color profile .......................................... 3 1.5 Syntax and structure .......................................... 3 1.6 JPEG codec example ......................................... 4 1.6.1 Encoding ........................................... 4 1.6.2 Compression ratio and artifacts ................................ 8 1.6.3 Decoding ........................................... 10 1.6.4 Required precision ...................................... 11 1.7 Effects of JPEG compression ..................................... 11 1.7.1 Sample photographs ...................................... 11 1.8 Lossless further compression ..................................... 11 1.9 Derived formats for stereoscopic 3D ................................. 12 1.9.1 JPEG Stereoscopic ...................................... 12 1.9.2 JPEG Multi-Picture Format .................................. 12 1.10 Patent issues .............................................. 12 1.11 Implementations ............................................ 13 1.12 See also ................................................ 13 1.13 References