Proposed Lodge Farm Village Rugby HERITAGE S TATEMENT

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Archaeology Warwickshire Report No 1801 JANUARY 2018

Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

Project: Lodge Farm Village Commissioned by: Stand Against Lodge Farm Village Project Report No: 1801 Site Code: RLF17 Planning Reference: NA Planning Authority: Rugby Borough Council Planning Archaeologist: John Robinson, Warwickshire National Grid Reference: SP 5065 6899 Project Manager: Stuart C Palmer MCIfA Author: Dr Richard Hayman Illustrations: Candy Stevens Report checked by: Nigel Page MCIfA Date: January 2018 Report reference: Hayman, R, 2018 Proposed Lodge Farm Village: Heritage Statement, Archaeology Warwickshire Report 1801.

Archaeology Warwickshire UNIT 9 Montague Road Warwick CV34 5LW 01926 412278 [email protected] www.warwickshire.gov.uk/archaeology

Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

CONTENTS Page Summary 2 1 Introduction 4 2 Policy and legislative background 5 3 Methodology 7 4 Site History 8 5 Identification of heritage assets affected 9 6 Importance of setting to significance of historic assets 11 7 Impact of proposed development 13 8 Conclusion and recommendations 15 9 References 17

APPENDIX 19 1 Significant heritage assets affected by proposed Lodge Farm Village 2 Non-designated heritage assets in Warwickshire Historic Environment Record

FIGURES 1 Location of application area and Historic Environment information 2 Ridge and furrow of the site of the proposed development 3 Detail of 1851 Tithe map 4 Detail of 1851 Tithe map 5 Detail of 1884 Ordnance Survey map 6 Map of designated heritage assets 7 Conservation Area 8 View from site of proposed development. 9 View from Dunchurch to site of proposed development. 10 Dunchurch Lodge.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

SUMMARY Archaeology Warwickshire was commissioned by Stand Against Lodge Farm Village to undertake a heritage assessment of a proposed new development at Lodge Farm, Warwickshire, close to the border with . The work was undertaken in December 2017. The proposal is to include in the Rugby Local Plan the development of up to 1500 new dwellings at Lodge Farm. The site lies in a rural landscape of dispersed settlements in the valley of the Rains Brook and River Leam.

Policy SDC3 of the draft Rugby Local Plan is committed to the conservation of the Borough’s heritage assets, including designated heritage assets and assets such as historic landscapes that do not benefit from statutory protection. Although not designated, it is argued that the historic landscape around Lodge Farm should be considered as a valuable heritage asset. The importance and desirability of preserving significant historic settings is incorporated into the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservations Areas) Act 1990 and the National Planning Policy Framework. Although there are no designated heritage assets within the development area there are numerous heritage assets in the surrounding villages and countryside.

Lodge Farm stands within a significant historic landscape of dispersed settlement originating in the medieval period, spanning the Warwickshire-Northamptonshire border, and was a landscape of open fields before enclosure in the eighteenth century. It is therefore argued that the imposition of a wholly new settlement, built to a scale unprecedented in the locality, will have a negative impact on the character of the historic landscape.

The site falls within the setting of Dunchurch Lodge, broadly defined. Although less than substantial, there will be some harm to the setting of Dunchurch Lodge, which is a grade II* listed building, has ancillary structures listed at grade II and is a Registered Park and Garden grade II. The report emphasises the contribution made by the rural landscape to the setting of heritage assets in the surrounding villages, including several buildings listed grade II* and four deserted medieval settlements which are Scheduled Ancient Monuments. It is argued that the proposed new settlement, which would be larger than the surrounding villages, would disrupt the settlement pattern in the landscape, which is of medieval origin, and would therefore

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

harm the setting of designated heritage assets in the surrounding villages, even though the harm is not substantial.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The proposed Lodge Farm development is an area of agricultural land covering 104.7 hectares on the south side of the A45, centred on SP 5065 6899 (figure 1). It is bounded on the west side by a minor road between the A45 and . The south boundary is formed by existing field boundaries, with the A45 on the north-east side. The site is within the broad valley of the Rains Brook, which flows on the west side of the development area and joins the River Leam to the south. It is an extensive, relatively flat rural landscape of post-medieval fields defined by hedges. From the slightly higher ground to the west (Dunchurch) and east (Barby) there are extensive views over this landscape.

1.2 The proposal is for a large residential development. The Lodge Farm proposal has been included in the Publication Local Plan for Rugby Borough Council district (Policy DS10) as a new village of up to 1500 dwellings. It is intended that this new settlement will become a self-sustaining Main Rural Settlement of Rugby Borough (RBC 2016, 33-34, amended in Table of Minor Modifications LP54.60).

1.3 Archaeology Warwickshire was commissioned by Stand Against Lodge Farm Village to undertake a heritage asset statement. The purpose of this report is therefore to examine the extent to which a new development would harm significant heritage assets or their settings. It is based on a site visit made on 21 December 2017, research online and at the Warwickshire Record Office.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

2 POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE BACKGOUND 2.1 The Rugby Borough Council Local Plan, which has been published in draft form, sets out the local authority’s preferred approach to development that might affect heritage assets and the setting of heritage assets (Rugby Borough Council 2016). It requires that ‘Applications affecting the significance of a heritage asset will be required to provide sufficient information and assessment (such as desk-based appraisals, field evaluation, and historic building reports) of the impacts of the proposal on the significance of heritage assets and their setting to demonstrate how that proposal would contribute to the asset’s conservation’ (Policy SDC3). Heritage assets are defined as listed buildings, archaeology, conservation areas, historic parks and gardens, historic landscapes and townscapes. It is acknowledged that some of these assets have no statutory protection, but the policy is that ‘any harm to the significance of a designated or non-designated heritage asset must be justified’.

2.2 The importance of the setting of heritage assets is covered by legislation, namely the National Planning Policy Framework, or NPPF (DCLG 2012), and the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act, 1990. Historic has also issued guidance notes to assist the implementation of the legislation in which setting is an issue (Historic England 2017).

2.3 The importance and desirability of preserving setting is enshrined in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. With regard to listed buildings, it states, in section 66, paragraph 1, that ‘in considering whether to grant planning permission for development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses’.

2.4 The means by which the setting of heritage assets is incorporated into the planning process is outlined in the NPPF, which sets out the national planning policy on the historic environment. It states that ‘in determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance’ (DCLG 2012,

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

paragraph 128). Local authorities are required to ‘assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset)’ (paragraph 129).

2.5 The setting of a heritage asset is defined in the NPPF glossary as ‘the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral.’ Setting is therefore not confined to visual relationships. A broad approach to setting has been endorsed by the recent judgment Steer v SSCLG (2017), which accepted an argument that historical, social and economic connections can be considered within the broad definition of setting. Although ‘a physical or visual connection between a heritage asset and its setting will often exist, it is not essential or determinative’ (paragraph 64).

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Guidance on good practice in the assessment of the setting of heritage assets has been published by Historic England (Historic England 2017). It sets out a methodology for assessing the impact of proposed developments on the setting of heritage assets, and the impacts they may have on an asset’s significance. This report has used steps 1-3 of Historic England’s recommended strategy.

1. The identification of heritage assets that would be affected by the proposed development. 2. Examination of how and to what extent the setting contributes to the significance of the asset. 3. Assessment of the effect that the proposed development would have on specific heritage assets.

3.2 For the present study, data was acquired from Historic England via its National Heritage List for England (NHLE), Heritage Gateway and MAGIC websites (see online references), concentrating on assets that required further consideration in Steps 2 and 3. Further research was also undertaken into the history of Lodge Farm and the surrounding settlements that may be affected by the development – Dunchurch, Woolscott, Grandborough, Sawbridge, Willoughby and Wolfhampcote – by consulting documentary sources at Warwickshire Record Office and the Warwickshire Historic Environment Record (HER) via the Heritage Gateway.

3.3 A broad interpretation is adopted in order to identify where heritage assets could be affected, in view of the fact that the proposed development is on a large scale and important elements of the historic landscape need to be identified. In practice there is little strictly visual connection between the development site and significant heritage assets, although where these occur they are highlighted. The contribution of the historic landscape to the significance of the heritage assets is measured against agreed heritage values, encompassing Evidential, Historical, Aesthetic and Communal values, as set out in guidance issued by Historic England (Historic England 2008, 28-32). Setting is especially relevant to evidential, historical and aesthetic value.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

4 SITE HISTORY 4.1 The proposed development area is within the historic parish of Grandborough, Warwickshire. In the medieval period the landscape consisted of open fields together with common pasture, meadows and waste (or heath). Archaeological evidence survives in the form of ridge and furrow (or cultivation ridges) characteristic of medieval open fields, in a field centred upon SP 5084 6922 (figure 2). The land was enclosed in 1766, at which time the present field pattern was created (WRO QS 75/49). A very large field on the western side of the development area was known in 1851 as Meer Ground, perhaps because of its tendency to become waterlogged (WRO CR 569/121B). Woolscott Lodge farm was probably built after enclosure and is the only building within the development area shown on the Ordnance Survey drawing made in 1813 (British Library, Henry Stevens). The 1851 Tithe map shows further development alongside the turnpike road between and Dunchurch. A cottage was built by the road, behind which a windmill had been erected (Warwickshire HER MWA3015) (figure 3). The windmill was erected in the 1820s and demolished in 1925. Both of these buildings are shown on the 1884 Ordnance Survey. The entrance to Woolscott Lodge at this time was further south east, by a roadside inn called Tally-Ho, which had been built since 1813 (figure 4) (Warwickshire HER3047). It had been taken down by the time of the 1884 Ordnance Survey map (figure 5). Woolscott Farm had also been built by 1851 and is marked then, and in 1884, as a U-shaped farm block open on the south side (figures 4, 5). The farm remains standing although the buildings, and their layout, have been altered.

4.2 The 1851 Tithe survey reveals a number of landowners in Woolscott. The farmstead that became Woolscott Farm was owned by Magdalene College, Oxford, while Lodge Farm was owned by the Benn family. The remaining fields within the development area were largely owned by John Flavell and the Benn family, except for the mill by Sarah Pittom and the Meer Ground by George Jarvis and Ralph Payne. All were let to tenants. Subsequent land ownership is unknown, although by 1900 John Lancaster styled himself Lord of the Manor of Woolscott, and therefore may have owned land within the development area (VCH Warwickshire, vi, 94-99). This is significant because Lancaster owned Dunchurch Lodge and his family previously owned Bilton Grange as well. Woolscott is therefore within the setting of Dunchurch Lodge.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

5 IDENTIFICATION OF HERITAGE ASSETS AFFECTED 5.1 The settlement pattern in the surrounding landscape is of medieval origin, evidence for which is the medieval parish churches, and includes four abandoned villages – at Wolfhampcote, which retains its church of medieval origin, and at Onley, Braunstonbury and Fawcliff in Northamptonshire. Significant heritage assets associated with these settlements are mapped in figure 6. The landscape is of enclosed fields, a result of the enclosure of parishes in the eighteenth century – Dunchurch in the first quarter of the eighteenth century, Wolfhampcote in 1744 and 1759, Willoughby in 1759, Grandborough in 1766 and in 1776 (VCH Warwickshire, vi, 78-86, 94-99, 261-64, 269-73, Northamptonshire HLC, 91). Evidence of the earlier landscape of open fields, in the form of ridge and furrow, is visible on the Warwickshire (see figure 8, and Warwickshire HER MWA5362, MWA30118, MWA30115, MWA30114, MWA29903 in Appendix 2) and Northamptonshire sides of the county boundary (Northamptonshire HER 8307/0). The only earlier significant archaeological site in the vicinity of the proposed development is remains of a Romano-British Farmstead approximately 1 kilometre east of the development site in a field east of the (Carlyle 2012; Warwickshire HER 29902 in Appendix 2)

5.2 There are many significant heritage assets in the surrounding settlements whose significance derives, in part, from their location in rural villages surrounded by countryside. These are listed in Appendix 1. Dunchurch village is a Conservation Area (figure 7). In Dunchurch parish there is one Scheduled Ancient Monument, the Medieval Standing Cross in the Square, and three buildings listed at grade II* – Dunchurch Lodge, Bilton Grange and the Church of St Peter – as well as 49 buildings listed grade II which are in the village or east side of the parish. In Grandborough parish, which includes Woolscott, there are ten listed buildings, of which the church of St Peter is listed grade II*. Willoughby parish has five listed buildings at grade II, the Church of St Nicholas at grade II* and one Scheduled Ancient Monument – a moated site south of the Manor Farmhouse. Barby parish occupies higher ground to the east, but there are significant heritage assets either in the valley of the Rainsbrook or having a visual relationship with it, including the deserted medieval settlement of Onley, which is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The other parishes are at a greater distance but still have significant heritage assets in the adjoining low-lying landscape. In Wolfhampcote parish this includes the parish church and The Cottage and Red

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

Roof Farm, both listed grade II*, and the deserted medieval village of Wolfhampcote, which is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Likewise in Braunston parish are two deserted medieval villages which are Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Fawcliff and Braunstonbury.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

6 IMPORTANCE OF SETTING TO SIGNIFICANCE OF HERITAGE ASSETS

6.1 The heritage assets most affected by the development proposal are the Dunchurch Conservation Area, Registered Parks and Gardens at Dunchurch Lodge and Bilton Grange and listed buildings in Dunchurch, especially Dunchurch Lodge. Dunchurch village has a countryside location with rural setting on each of its approaches, although compromised on the north side by the expansion of Rugby. Good communications were key to Dunchurch becoming a commercial focus for this part of rural Warwickshire before the advent of the railway in the mid-nineteenth century. Dunchurch Conservation Area is centred on the crossroads in the centre of the village, emphasising its important strategic position, while its local commercial importance is indicated by the presence of a market cross. In the eighteenth century the roads were turnpiked and Dunchurch became a posting stage for surrounding villages, including Rugby. Landmark buildings in Dunchurch such as the Dun Cow, the large School House and the Market Cross reflect its local importance and that the road network is an important component of its setting. The rural setting of Dunchurch Conservation Area is therefore defined largely by social and economic factors rather than a visual one. From within the conservation area the only glimpse of this rural setting is looking south east towards Willoughby, in the direction of the proposed development (Rugby Borough Council 2010, 7-8). The proposed development is visible, at a distance of approximately 2.5 kilometres, from the churchyard of St Peter, and in theory from the grounds of Bilton Grange and the grounds of Dunchurch Lodge (these viewpoints were not confirmed in the field) (figures 8, 9). The proposed new village would be large enough to be visible from that distance.

6.2 The visual centre of Dunchurch is its crossroads, emphasising the importance of roads in the formation and development of the village. The east and south-east sides of the village, where the ground falls to a broad plain, is important to the setting of Bilton Grange and Dunchurch Lodge. Bilton Grange was built with extensive views to the east and south-east (its estate was confined to Dunchurch parish and extended to the Northamptonshire border). When both were offered for sale in 1861, Dunchurch Lodge was described as a hunting lodge with ‘a fine situation in the very great hunting district’ (WRO EAC/0411). The extended surrounding rural landscape was therefore important to its setting, providing evidential and historical value. Dunchurch Lodge was purchased by John Lancaster MP, a Lancashire businessman, in 1861, and was

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

inherited by his son, also John, after his father’s death in 1884. The original Dunchurch Lodge was destroyed by fire in 1890 but in 1907 Lancaster commissioned a new house from Liverpool architect Gilbert Fraser and gardens from landscape architect Thomas Mawson. The new house was designed so that its garden front faced a terrace overlooking the gardens and the countryside to the south east (Pickford and Pevsner 2016, 316) (figure 9).

6.3 In each of the surrounding villages and hamlets setting contributes something to the significance of listed buildings. These are village buildings, each item contributing to the village character, which depends upon its rural setting. The rural landscape contributes historical and aesthetic value to the village settings and is of communal value as part of everyday experience.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

7 IMPACT OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 7.1 The proposal is to create a Main Rural Settlement of up to 1500 homes within an area of 104 hectares. The site is alongside the A45 Daventry Road between Braunston and Dunchurch and will therefore be prominent in the landscape. The area of the proposed development would create a settlement significantly larger than the surrounding historic villages, including Dunchurch. Analysis of the extent of local village including their historic and modern extent as defined by a combination of modern mapping, Historic Environment data and Historic Landscape Characterisation data illustrates this.

Settlement Current Historic Current Historic Name Settlement Settlement Settlement Settlement Size (Ha) Size (Ha) Size as % of Size as % of Lodge Farm Lodge Farm Development Development Site Site Grandborough 12.2 24.5 11.65 23.4 (War) Willoughby 19.6 18.7 18.72 17.86 (War) Dunchurch 58.19 14.7 55.6 14.04 (War) Woolscott 9.66 52.33 9.23 49.98 (War) Barby 36.18 - 34.56 - (Northants) Braunston 51.6 - 49.28 - (Northants)

7.2 The settlement pattern in the area has been established since the medieval period. Some settlements subsequently declined – Onley, Wolfhampcote, Braunstonbury and Fawcliff – whereas the other settlements continued to flourish. Growth in modern times has been confined to expansion of existing settlements, bar the prison complex at Onley. The landscape of nucleated settlements, and a medieval open-field system transformed by parliamentary enclosure in the eighteenth century, encompasses much of the rural history of the district and is therefore a valuable heritage asset. Evidence of medieval farming is well-preserved in the landscape, in the form of ridge and furrow, which in places is very well preserved (Demidowicz and Cherrington 2011). The creation of a wholly new settlement, larger than the existing villages, would have a negative impact on the historic landscape, and would not sustain the overall value of the historic environment, as outlined in Policy SDC3 of the draft Local Plan.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

7.3 The proposed Lodge Farm village falls within the setting of Dunchurch Lodge. The setting of the lodge in a rural landscape was highlighted when the estate was put up for sale in 1861, and from the gardens of the lodge there is a view over the Rains Brook to the south east. Lodge Farm Village would be prominent in this view if it were to be built. Furthermore, John Lancaster, owner of Dunchurch Lodge, was described as Lord of the Manor of Woolscott in 1900 and had evidently purchased land in Woolscott, although not necessarily within the proposed development area. This additional land holding, visible at a distance from the house, had been important in helping to establish Dunchurch Lodge as the centre of a small country estate and was important to the social status of the house and its owner. There is therefore a significant social and economic, as well as a visual, connection between Dunchurch Lodge and Woolscott. As such the proposed Lodge Farm Village is within the setting of Dunchurch Lodge and there will be some harm to its setting, although the harm is less than substantial.

7.4 The NPPF defines setting as ‘the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced’. This establishes that setting is more than a simple case of inter- visibility, and that the village and countryside context of the heritage assets within the affected area can be considered as part of their setting. As the villages of Dunchurch, Grandborough, Willoughby and Sawbridge (in Wolfhampcote parish) are approached by roads that would pass by Lodge Farm Village, the presence of a modern village would harm appreciation of the setting of heritage assets in the historic settlements.

7.5 Dunchurch Conservation Area is centred upon the crossroads in the centre of the village. Dunchurch crossroads is already considered a bottleneck and the outcome of building a new village at Lodge Farm would be an increase in traffic. A village centre clogged with cars will only further harm appreciation of the setting of Dunchurch Conservation Area and significant heritage assets in the village. The presence of listed buildings and of the Medieval Standing Cross in the Square, which is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, will inhibit road improvement. It has been argued that plans to improve the crossroads cannot realistically be delivered (Walker 2017, 8)

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1 The proposed Lodge Farm development is for the creation of a large self-sustaining village of up to 1500 dwellings in the valley of the Rains Brook and River Leam. There are no designated heritage assets within the development area but the proposed village would stand in a historic landscape where there are numerous significant heritage assets.

8.2 The historic landscape of the Rains Brook and River Leam is of small, dispersed village settlements that have been established since the medieval period, set within a landscape of former medieval open fields transformed in the eighteenth century by Parliamentary enclosure. Although not designated, the historic landscape should be considered as a valuable heritage asset and, in line with Policy SDC3 of the draft Local Plan, any harm to this heritage asset should be fully justified. The imposition of a wholly new settlement, built to a scale unprecedented in the locality, will have a negative impact on the character of the historic landscape of the Rains Brook and River Leam between Dunchurch and Braunston.

8.3 The development area falls within the setting of Dunchurch Lodge, which was built to take advantage of rural views across the Rains Brook, and whose owner, John Lancaster, owned land in Woolscott, close to or within the development area. There will therefore be some harm to the setting of Dunchurch Lodge, although not substantial.

8.4 Although the development area is inter-visible with only a small number of significant heritage assets (principally Dunchurch Lodge, the Church of St Peter in Dunchurch and Bilton Grange), a broader interpretation of setting is justifiable. The NPPF defines setting as ‘the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced’. Designated heritage assets in the surrounding villages derive some of their significance from their village setting in a rural landscape of medieval settlement and a fieldscape created in the eighteenth century. The creation of a new settlement adjacent to the roads that lead to these villages would therefore result in some harm to the setting of the heritage assets.

8.5 The NPPF recommends that, where appropriate, landscape character assessments should be prepared, ‘integrated with assessment of historic landscape character, and

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

for areas where there are major expansion options assessments of landscape sensitivity’ (paragraph 170). A detailed assessment of the medieval and post- medieval landscape is beyond the scope of this report. However, such a study should be undertaken in assessing the suitability of the proposed Lodge Farm village.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

9 REFERENCES Documentary and cartographic sources, Warwickshire Record Office (WRO) CR 569/121B, Woolscott township on Grandborough Tithe map, 1851 EAC/0411, Bilton Grange sale particulars, 1861 QS 75/49, Grandborough inclosure Award, 1766

Printed sources Carlyle, Simon, 2012, Barby Pools Marina, Onley, Northamptonshire, and Willoughby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation. Cotswold Archaeology Report 12023. Demidowicz G, and Cherrington R, 2011, Land at Pear Tree Farm, Moor Lane, Willoughby, Warwickshire. Unpublished report by Benchmark Archaeology. Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), 2012, National Planning Policy Framework. DCLG, 2016, Locally-led Garden Villages, Towns and Cities. FPCR Environment and Design, 2016, Lodge Farm, Rugby: Vision Document. Historic England, 2008, Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance. Historic England, 2015, The Historic Environment in Local Plans, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 1. Historic England, 2017, The Setting of Heritage Assets, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning: 3. Pickford, Chris, and Pevsner, Nikolaus, 2016, The Buildings of England: Warwickshire. London: Yale University Press. Rugby Borough Council, 2010, Dunchurch Conservation Area Appraisal. Rugby Borough Council, 2016, Local Plan 2011-2031: Publication Draft. Walker, Lawrence, 2017, Stand Against Lodge Farm Village: Traffic Assessment.

Online sources Henry Stevens, Daventry Ordnance Survey drawing, 1813, http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/ordsurvdraw/d/002osd000000012u00214000.html Historic England, National Heritage List for England, https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the- list/ Northamptonshire Historic Landscape Characterisation, http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-1948- 1/dissemination/pdf/2-1_HLCA.pdf VCH Warwickshire, volume 6, 1951, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/warks/vol6

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/ http://www.magic.gov.uk/ Warwickshire Tithe apportionments, https://apps.warwickshire.gov.uk/TitheApp/tithes/indexes Rugby Borough Council, Local Publication Draft, Table of Minor Modifications, https://www.rugby.gov.uk/downloads/file/1463/lp_54a_- _table_of_suggested_changes_updated_4_december_2017

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

APPENDIX 1. SIGNIFICANT HERITAGE ASSETS AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED LODGE FARM VILLAGE Dunchurch Asset type NHLE number

Dunchurch Conservation Area n/a Medieval standing cross in the Square Scheduled Ancient Monument 1016884 Dunchurch Lodge Registered Park and Garden, 1001281 grade II Bilton Grange Registered Park and Garden, 1001378 grade II 2 Chest Tombs Approximately 3 Metres Listed building grade II 1365070 West of Tower of Church of St Peter 29-32 Southam Road Listed building grade II 1034936 4-5 Daventry Road Listed building grade II 1365072 57, 58, 58a, 59 The Green Listed building grade II 1185344 6 and 8 Rigby Road Listed building grade II 1034931 69 and 70 The Heath Listed building grade II 1034940 Bilton Grange School and attached Listed building grade II* 1034932 chapel and terrace Bus shelter/war memorial Listed building grade II 1392305 Chest tomb approximately 1m north of Listed building grade II 1034941 north aisle of church of St Peter Church of St Peter Listed building grade II* 1185418 Clare Cottage Listed building grade II 1185408 Concrete Block Cottage Listed building grade II 1246213 Courtyard Wines Dun Cow Hotel The Listed building grade II 1034937 Cottage Deerhurst and attached former stables Listed building grade II 1365067 and coach house Madame Louise hairdressers The Old Post Office Dunchurch Lodge Listed building grade II* 1246211 Forge Cottage Guy Fawkes House Listed building grade II 1185484 Garden walls, fruit rooms and Listed building grade II 1352671 glasshouse at Dunchurch Lodge Gardener’s Cottage and attached garden Listed building grade II 1271244 walls at Bilton Grange Gatepiers 100m NE of Bilton Grange Listed building grade II 1271245 Gates, screen walls, post and chains at Listed building grade II 1352670 Dunchurch Lodge Estate Gateway Listed building grade II 1365071 Gateway and screen walls at Inner Listed building grade II 1352674 Lodge at Dunchurch Lodge Estate Group of 5 chest tombs approximately Listed building grade II 1185432 3.5m south of vestry of church of St Peter Heliochronometer approximately 35m Listed building grade II 1352676 east of Dunchurch Lodge Inner Lodge at Bilton Grange Listed building grade II 1271243

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

Inner Lodge at Dunchurch Lodge Estate Listed building grade II 1389233 Jasmine Cottage and Plum Tree Cottage Listed building grade II 1034934 K6 telephone kiosk Listed building grade II 1365085 Little Thatch Listed building grade II 1185379 Madrigal Cottage Listed building grade II 1034939 Market Cross Listed building grade II 1034938 North Lodge and attached flanking walls Listed building grade II 1271242 at Bilton Grange North Lodge at Dunchurch Lodge Estate Listed building grade II 1352677 Post Office Stores and Inglenook Listed building grade II 1185372 Red Rose Cottage and The Shambles Listed building grade II 1034935 Rugby Road Lodge at Bilton Grange Listed building grade II 1271241 Semi-circular steps approximately 50 Listed building grade II 1352675 metres south of Dunchurch Lodge South Lodge at Dunchurch Lodge Estate Listed building grade II 1352669 Stable block at Dunchurch lodge Listed building grade II 1246212 Statue of Lord John Douglas Montagu Listed building grade II 1185492 Douglas Scott Terrace wall and steps south and south Listed building grade II 1352672 west of Dunchurch Lodge The Almshouses Listed building grade II 1034942 The Old Forge Listed building grade II 1365066 The Old Halt Listed building grade II 1365068 The School House and Ye Olde School Listed building grade II 1185441 The White Lodge Listed building grade II 1299649 Toft Manor Listed building grade II 1034943 Tudor House Listed building grade II 1185354 Victorian gateway approximately 30 Listed building grade II 1352673 metres north of Inner Lodge at Dunchurch Lodge Estate War memorial Listed building grade II 1185471 Water steps at Dunchurch Lodge Listed building grade II 1352678 White Rose Cottage Listed building grade II 1365069

Willoughby Asset type NHLE number

Moated site south of Manor Farmhouse Scheduled Ancient Monument 1404858 Church of St Nicholas Listed building grade II* 1116454 Manor Farmhouse Listed building grade II 1365062 The Rose Public House Listed building grade II 1116423 The Smithy Listed building grade II 1034926 Vale House Listed building grade II 1116428 Whitehouse Farmhouse Listed building grade II 1365063

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

Grandborough

Asset type NHLE number

Birchen Fold Listed building grade II 1034916 Castle Farmhouse Listed building grade II 1034917 Chest tomb approximately 20 metres Listed building grade II 1034912 south of chancel of church of St Peter Church of St Peter Listed building grade II* 1034911 Row of 4 headstones approximately 5.5 Listed building grade II 1034913 metres south of south aisle of church of St Peter The Harrow House Listed building grade II 1365095 The Poplars Listed building grade II 1034914 The Shoulder of Mutton public house Listed building grade II 1034915 Top House Farmhouse Listed building grade II 1299366 Woolscott Manor Listed building grade II 1034918

Wolfhampcote

Asset type NHLE number

Medieval settlement at Wolfhampcote Scheduled Ancient Monument 1019026 Church of St Peter and attached Listed building grade II* 1034927 mausoleum Church of St Peter, chest tomb Listed building grade II 1319994 approximately 12 metres west of nave Church of St Peter, 2 headstones Listed building grade II 1319999 approximately 8 metres west of porch Church of St Peter, headstone Listed building grade II 1034928 approximately 10 metres west of porch Church of St Peter, pair of headstones Listed building grade II 1034929 approximately 12 metres west of tower Group of 50 memorials south of chancel Listed building grade II 1319968 and south aisle of church of St Peter Leam Farmhouse Listed building grade II 1393525 Manor Farmhouse Listed building grade II 1320004 Old House Farmhouse Listed building grade II 1116275 Oxford Canal, canal bridge No 97 at SP Listed building grade II 1116392 5250 6549 The Cottage and Red Roof Farm Listed building grade II* 1034895 The Farmhouse and attached farm Listed building grade II 1034894 building Wolfhampcote Hall Listed building grade II 1365065

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

Barby (Northamptonshire)

Asset type NHLE number

Abandoned medieval village of Onley Scheduled Ancient Monument 1003900 Barby Wood farmhouse and attached Listed building grade II 1343001 outbuilding Barby Corn Mill Listed building grade II 1040046

Braunston (Northamptonshire)

Asset type NHLE number

Medieval village of Fawcliff, Braunston Scheduled Ancient Monument 1006618 Cleves Braunstonbury deserted medieval Scheduled Ancient Monument 1017580 village, moat and fishpond Oxford Canal Aqueduct number 96 Listed building grade II 1366581 Oxford Canal Bridge number 95 Listed building grade II 1076457 Bridges numbers 93 Listed building grade II 1076446 and 94 The Old Castle Listed building grade II 1342992

2. NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS IN THE WARWICKSHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD

HER number Site name

MWA12635 garden at Castle Farm, Willoughby MWA12641 Dunchurch Hall garden MWA12706 Manor Farm garden, Willoughby MWA12707 Willoughby Farm garden MWA19191 Grandborough war memorial in churchyard of St Peter MWA19983 Wolscott Bridge MWA19984 Fox Covert Bridge, Grandborough MWA20228 Willoughby Bridge MWA20248 Site of possible former field barn MWA20249 Site of possible former field barn MWA20250 Site of possible former field barn MWA20251 Site of possible former field barn off Cut Throat Lane MWA20253 Site of possible former field barn MWA20254 former field barn MWA20255 Site of possible former field barn MWA20256 former field barn MWA20257 field barn or outfarm MWA20258 former field barn MWA20259 Former outbuilding north-east of Sutton's Spinney MWA20260 Former outbuilding south-east of Beck Hill MWA20261 Possible former field barn south-east of Beck Hill

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

MWA20555 Outfarm 400m west of Willoughby Village MWA29902 Romano-British Settlement south of Onley MWA29903 Extant Ridge and Furrow to the south of Onley MWA30067 Cob walled cottage and hearth at Stonewell, Pye Court, Willoughby MWA30114 Earthwork remains of Ridge and Furrow at Ox House, Toft, Dunchurch MWA30115 Earthwork remains of Ridge and Furrow at Toft Farm, Dunchurch MWA30118 Earthworks of ridge and furrow to the north of Navigation Farm, Willoughby MWA3015 Site of windmill 400m N of Lodge Farm MWA3017 Site of windmill 300m SE of Lodge Farm MWA3018 Grandborough Mill MWA3021 Moat at Moat Farm, Grandborough MWA3022 Manor House, Grandborough MWA3023 Castle Farm, Woolscott MWA3024 Possible site of Wolscott deserted medieval settlement MWA3025 Shrunken settlement at Wolcote MWA3029 Site of Chayne Bridge, by Grandborough Mill MWA3030 Site of Fines Bridge, by Grandborough Mill MWA3032 Milestone 100m W of Manor Farm MWA3033 Site of Milestone 300m NE of Woolscott Farm MWA3034 Site of Windmill 100m SE of Woolscott Cottages MWA3035 Wolscott Manor, Grandborough MWA30445 Site of possible former basin on Oxford Canal N of Willoughby Wharf MWA3047 Site of Inn 700m SE of Manor Farm Cottages [Tally-Ho Inn] MWA3053 Site of Windmill 400m NE of Willoughby House MWA3067 Site of a Medieval Cross at Willoughby MWA3068 Site of Baths, London Road MWA3070 Site of Post Medieval Gaol to SW of Church MWA3071 Medieval earthwork bank MWA3072 Site of Primitive Methodist Chapel at Willoughby MWA3073 Milestone 400m SE of Gate Farm MWA3074 Wesleyan Chapel, Main Street, Willoughby MWA3075 Post Medieval Manor House to NE of Church MWA4132 Site of Windmill 500m S of Laurel Farm MWA4348 The Oxford Canal MWA4361 Disused Canal 1200m N of Willoughby MWA4362 Willoughby Wharf to NE of Willoughby MWA4771 Turnpike Road from Ryton Bridge towards Braunston MWA5362 Ridge and Furrow to the north of the shrunken medieval settlement of Woolscott MWA5367 Poss Shrunken Medieval Settlement at Grandborough MWA5368 Imperial Bridge at Grandborough Mill MWA6395 Shrunken Medieval settlement at Willoughby MWA6914 Site of Great Central Railway MWA7415 Site of Braunston and Willoughby Railway Station MWA7416 Site of Willoughby Signal Box MWA8807 Medieval Settlement at Grandborough MWA9064 Grandborough Medieval Settlement MWA9065 Woolscott Medieval Settlement MWA9512 Dunchurch Medieval Settlement MWA9720 Post-medieval activity at the former Old Royal George Inn, Grandborough

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT archaeology January 2018 warwickshire

SP 449,500 N MWA8186/EWA9608 MWA6914 SEARCH AREA DUNCHURCH MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT MWA12642 MWA9512 DUNCHURCH LODGE, MWA7331 MWA4348 EWA9624 EWA9623 MWA21841 MWA12641 MWA14523 MWA30114 EWA3303 MWA20248 MWA20249

MWA4132 MWA4771

MWA20250 MWA19983

MWA7912 MWA21629 MWA30115 MWA20251 MWA3032 MWA3022

MWA21973 MWA9959 APPLICATION AREA MWA20257 EWA10521/2 MWA29002 MWA3015 MWA20254 EWA10521/2 MWA29903 EWA7484 MWA20253 MWA3047

269,000 MWA20258 MWA5362 MWA3033 MWA3017 MWA4361 MWA30118

MWA21971 MWA14518 MWA21975 MWA20255 MWA22137 MWA20259 MWA30455 MWA21979 MWA20256 MWA20260 EWA7244 MWA21748 MWA4362 SHRUNKEN MEDIEVAL MWA21752 SETTLEMENT WALCOTE MWA1367 MWA30067 MWA21977 MWA3025 EWA9132/10587 SHRUNKEN MEDIEVAL MWA20261 EWA9617 MWA12706/7 SETTLEMENT WILLOUGHBY EWA9707 MWA3035 MWA6395 WOOLSCOTT MWA20228 MWA12505/EWA9131 MWA12635/EWA9617 MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT MWA3051 MWA3073 MWA3023 MWA9065 MWA3034 MWA3074/EWA10016 MWA20555/EWA10425 WOOLSCOTT DESERTED EWA7015 MWA3054 MWA3068 MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT MWA3021 MWA3070 MWA3024 MWA3018/29 MWA5368 EWA7236 MWA3071 EWA7215 GRANDBOROUGH DESERTED MWA3072/5 MWA3030 MWA7415 Ridge and furrow, MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT MWA19191 MWA12706 extant 1990 MWA5367 MWA3031/EWA10212 MWA3055 MWA9720/EWA7355 MWA3067 Roman settlement GRANDBOROUGH MWA8807 MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT MWA19984 1000m Medieval settlement 0 100 MWA9064 EWA6830 MWA7416 Event MWA3053 Monument

Fig 1: Location of application area and Historic Environment information

Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

2. Field immediately north of Lodge Farm with medieval ridge and furrow.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

3. Detail of 1851 Grandborough Tithe map. Woolscott Lodge is now Lodge Farm. Plot 31 is a windmill, plot 30 a cottage, both of which are on the approximate line of the modern private drive to Lodge Farm.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

4. detail of 1851 Grandborough Tithe map. The farm block lower right is now Woolscott Farm. The Tally-Ho Inn, no longer standing, was built by the turnpike road, now the A45.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

5. Detail of 1884 Ordnance Survey map, with the proposed development area outlined in red. By this date the Tally-Ho Inn had been taken down.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT archaeology January 2018 warwickshire

N

DUNCHURCH

DUNCHURCH LODGE M45 NHLE1246211

BARBY

APPLICATION AREA

LODGE FARM

A45

WOOLSCOTT

WILLOUGHBY

GRANDBOROUGH

BRAUNSTON

Registered parks and gardens Scheduled monuments Listed buildings 0 100 1000m

Fig 6: Designated heritage assets in the neighbourhood of Lodge Farm Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT archaeology January 2018 warwickshire

N

RUGBY ROAD

DUNCHURCH

DUNCHURCH LODGE NHLE1246211

Listed Conservation area

Listed buildingsRidge and furrow

DAVENTRY ROAD ConservationScheduled Area monument Roman settlement 0 100 200m SOUTHAM ROAD Medieval settlement Event Monument

Fig 7: Dunchurch Conservation Area

Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

8. View looking north-west from the corner of the Lodge Farm site, across a field with medieval ridge and furrow toward Dunchurch.

9. View looking south-east from the churchyard of St Peter, Dunchurch, across the valley of the River Leam and Rains Brook.

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Proposed Lodge Farm Village, Rugby, Warwickshire HERITAGE STATEMENT January 2018

10. Dunchurch Lodge, showing the east garden front that was designed to look out over the rural landscape of the Rains Brook and River Leam. © Warwickshire County Council

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