Name ______Class ______Date ______Empires in East Asia Section 1 Tang and Song China Terms and Names Tang Taizong Great emperor of the Tang Dynasty Wu Zhao Tang ruler and only woman in China ever to assume the title of emperor movable type Wood or metal blocks, each with a single character, that can be arranged to make up a page for printing gentry Powerful upper class

Before You Read In the last section, you read about the Turkish empires. In this section, you will read about changes in China during the Tang and Song dynasties.

As You Read Use a Venn diagram to note the similarities and differences between the Tang and Song dynasties.

THE TANG DYNASTY EXPANDS Zhao was another great Tang leader. She CHINA (Pages 323–324) was the only woman ever to rule China as What changes occurred during the emperor. During her reign, parts of Korea Tang Dynasty? were added to the dynasty. Starting in A.D. 220, China went Early Tang rulers made the government through a long period of troubles. There stronger. They extended the network of were no strong rulers. China was not roads and canals, helping to tie the empire united. Then in 589, Wendi brought order. together. He united the northern and southern Schools were set up to train people for regions. He also named himself the first political jobs. They had to pass tough emperor of the Sui Dynasty. tests. Only then could people work for the This dynasty lasted only about 30 years. government. Just two rulers reigned. Both were By the mid-700s, the Tang Dynasty had important. They built the Grand Canal. begun to weaken. Rulers charged heavy This waterway connected China’s two taxes. The Chinese people faced more major rivers. The canal was a trade route hardship. Invaders attacked the empire’s between northern and southern China. lands. Chinese rebels became violent. In Cities were in the north. Areas that grew 907, they killed the last Tang ruler. rice were in the south. 1. How did Tang rulers change China? The Tang Dynasty followed. It lasted for 300 years. Tang Taizong was a mighty ______emperor. He and other Tang rulers made the empire larger. They gained back lands ______lost since the fall of the Han Dynasty. Wu ______

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THE SONG DYNASTY RESTORES Buddhism spread. This religion traveled CHINA (Pages 324–325) from China to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. What happened during the Song The Tang and Song dynasties were Dynasty? creative periods. Great poets wrote about The Song Dynasty replaced the Tang life. Artists made beautiful paintings. Dynasty. The Song Dynasty also lasted 3. Name three advances in technology. about 300 years. Its empire was smaller than the Tang. But China was still strong ______under Song rule. This dynasty did have military troubles, ______though. Invaders forced the Song to move ______south. The dynasty of the Southern Song arose in 1127. CHANGES IN CHINESE SOCIETY 2. How was the Song Dynasty related to (Page 327) the Tang Dynasty? How did China change under the ______Tang and Song? Chinese society changed during the ______Tang and Song periods. The old noble families lost power. Key officials in ______government gained power. They formed a new upper class. This wealthy group is AN ERA OF PROSPERITY AND called the gentry. INNOVATION (Pages 325–326) Next came the middle class. They lived What advances occurred during the in the cities. People such as store owners Tang and Song periods? and traders belonged to this group. Below During the Tang and Song rule, the them were workers, soldiers, and servants. Chinese made many advances. They In country areas, peasants made up the invented useful things. Movable type largest class. The position of women made printing faster. Gunpowder was became worse. another important invention. It led to the 4. What social changes occurred in China design of exploding weapons. The during the Tang and Song periods? Chinese made progress in farming, too. They improved ways of growing rice. ______Trade increased under the Tang and Song emperors. Goods were carried over ______land routes. Later, ocean trade became ______important. Ideas were also exchanged.

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As you read this section, take notes to answer the questions about how the Tang and Song dynasties transformed China.

What impact did the Tang and Song dynasties have on the following areas of Chinese society?

1. Transportation 2. Government 3. Foreign trade

4. Agriculture 5. Science/Technology 6. Art

What changes did the two dynasties bring about for the following groups? 7. Old Aristocratic Families 8. Gentry 9. Women

Original content © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 123 Guided Reading Workbook