China and the Mongols

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4/23/2013 1 World History I HIST 1210 Elizabeth Dachowski [email protected] 2 China: Sui Dynasty, 589-618 CE • Restoration of empire • State granaries • Grand Canal 3 China: Neighbors and Frontiers 1 • Neighbors – Japan – Khmer (Cambodia) – Viet and Champa (Vietnam) – Srivajaya (Sumatra). • 4 China: Tang Dynasty, 618-960 CE • Equal field system • Three-levels of examinations • Printing – Woodblock printing (Han Dynasty) – Printing press using block of text (Tang, Song) – Movable type (Korea). 5 China: Tang Dynasty, 618-960 CE 2 • Buddhism – Tolerance (Empress Wu) – Growing wealth and power of Buddhist monasteries – Texts produced using printing press – Fear of loss of Chinese culture – Repression (845 CE). • 6 China: Tang Dynasty, 618-960 CE 1 • Trade: – Silk Road – South China Sea • 2 • Alliances with nomads. • 7 China: Song Dynasty, 960-1279 • Cultural developments – Neo-Confucianism – Foot-binding – Brush painting – Paper money. – 8 China: Song Dynasty, 960-1279 • Technologies – Gun powder – Compass – Rudder – Ceramics. 9 1 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 1 4 5 2 6 1 2 7 8 4/23/2013 – Ceramics. – 9 Mongol Empire, 1226+ 1 • Mongol culture – Horse nomads – Honor culture – Internal divisions: Tribal loyalties, family feuds – Annual gathering. 10 Mongol Empire • Conquests of Genghis Khan – China – Central Eurasia – Persia – Russia. 11 Mongol Empire • Government of Genghis Khan – Rule by Mongol elite – Interest in other cultures and religions – Religious toleration – Free trade, protection of caravans. – 12 Mongol Empire • Divisions of empire – Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty of China) – Golden Horde (Russia) – Chagatai Khanate (Central Asia) – Il-Khanate (Persia). • 13 Mongol Empire: China • Mongols in positions of power • Cultural separatism • Exclusion of Confucian gentlemen • Tribute empire • Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) • Overthrow of Mongol/Yuan Dynasty 14 Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 • Restoration of ethnic Chinese rule • Confucian revival • Grand Secretariat • Population growth • Naval expeditions (Zhenghe voyages). • 15 China: Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 • Voyages of Zhenghe, 1405-33. 2 .

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