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PALAEOECOLOGIC AND PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC CHARACTER OF MIDDLE PLIOCENE NON-MARINE MOLLUSC FAUNAS FROM NORTH-\ú/ESTERN ITALY
DANIFI A IISU & ANTON.I I lA CIA\GHEROTTI
Reeirarl Octobtr ) j, 2JJ2: ,rccptad \ o. atl,ct I I . IJC-)
r\cr Non m.rrinc moljLrscsr |.rl.reoeco L gr : t'.rl.r,:obiogeo rì I'lioccnc mecli,,. t..' n,rl;Ìcoi.ìune. crr.rrrcfizz.Ìre th un.rlto grrdo di -orrL: ' gr.rphrI ìtliddlc Ì)ììocerer Nolth-tesrcrn It.rly: dircniLì spccific.r. sono dorrtin.rLe di q,ìsrcrcpodi rencstri di .rnrbicnte forcsr.rle medio u'ììido e di suoli idronorii. ll c.rr,rttcr'.'prleo.rnrbien ..l1,irrtr. Sisniiic.rnt nc$ recod\ ('i rich llicltìle Plioccnt non- I.rlc.l
-!crr'.r. I Diprftinrenro di Scienzc dell.r Uni.crritì d.'gli Srudì l.,r s.rpicnz.r" .rnd ICAC-C \R, H. \. ll()r). 5, 00lSi Ronr:li e-nr.ril:
Ll,r n ie h. e s Lr I'r uniron,ri.ir I \rì,r (ì. di Virtorìti. l. 0!067 l\'lorlup() (lL\f)r c-nrril: rrrro.cirngherlttit,r libc,o.ir 5ls D. /:srr 3t ,.1. Cùnglrntti
l,s. - Loc,rrion ol thc "Vill,rlì.rnchì ' .rn t\pr-.ìt.ìrr lrrrrt .rn The .rinr of thc prescnr p.r- pcr is to give 11 conlpletc pìcture of the I'lioccne non-nrarinc nrol- Iusc faunrr fronr North-* esrcrn It.rlv end of its relrtionships rvith coeval :rsselrbllges frorl the rcst oi lr,riien perrinsult lnd Eur'ope. Thc prl,rcoccologic ucl prllco- biogeorrrphic :rn.tll sis oi thc neslr-collecrcd hun.rs, rhc tlx- ononric rcvision o[ Slcco's nrl- teri.rl and rhc berrer knorr lcdgc ,rcquired irr tìrc hst veaLs lbout the Pliocenc non-nrlrine rrollusc .rsscnrblegcs irom other Irllill sitcs (Esu er.rl. 1993,2000; Am- brosctti ct ll. 1995: Ci.rnghcrotti et rl. 199(;: Ci.rnghcrotti l997rr, b; Nordsicck 2000) hrve bcen the grouncl for rhis p.rper'. as Truc (l97la. 1972), Schlickurn & Strruch (1979), Esu (1982), Mlnganelìi et rl. (1990), Esu c\ Girorri (1991), Esu et rl. (1993),Cirngherorti et al. (1996),Cianshc'rorri The "Villatranchlan stage" type-area: stratigraphic and ( 1997a). Ci.rngherotti er .Ì1. ( 1998), Mensanelli & Giusri palaeoenvironmenlal context (2000:r, b), Nordsieck (2000), cven if nranr' oi rhc n pes dcscribccl bv S;rcco terc' clcstrol'ed (Ft'rrc'ro N.Iort.rrl ct Rccenr srretigr',rphic srudies bl B.rsilici (1996) iìnd rl. 193.+). Luckilv thc Piednront nrolìusc docunrent:rrìon Bo:rno I l;orno (1996:r, b1 oi thc tide "Vilhfranchi.rn hrs been considerrblv incrclsed b,v liclcl rcse'rrches clr'- stlge" typc-itrcll conrpliscd in the Asti pror,ince rrlìou,cd licd on in thc last dcc,rdc by resenrchers oI rhe Univcrsirr' to rccognise tno outcropping lithosrr:rtisr:rphic units, ofTurin (C,rrraro 1996 rnd E. Maltinctto) shich lcd to Fcrrerc (ìoser'-hirìg) rnd Sin N,lrrrrno, the iindings of nes l)liocenc fossilifclous outclops rich Thc lrcrrerc unir is mlde up oi coarse sirndr'.tnd in tcrrestri.rl and frcshs atcr nrolluscs. siltl sedinrcnts of delt.r frc'nt deposits interfineercd virh Vcrtebrate rcrrrlins hlvc been oftcn rccorc{cd bv.rn- Itc.r.ìr 'c,lintent'. lt le.r. in rcdinr.rrr.rlv cL'nrirìuil\ ()n cicnt,ruthors in the s.rnrc sediments. "rhe Villrrfranchiln littorrl pre-vilhfr:rnchi:rn nr.rrine scrlinrenrs ("Srbbie di tvpe succcssion" proposecl bv Pareto. s hich liclded thc .\sti" p.p. liornr.rtion) rcrr rich in ior,rminifcrs lncl nr.r- nrolluscs. In thc 20rh ccnrurl orhcr field reserrches dug riue tnolluscs oî [arlr'/ùliddle Plioccnc .rge (latest Zirn- olrt l'nlnY other nricro- lnd nrrcronr:rnrnral renrlins (see cleln-eirrlicst Piaccnzian). Scr cr.rl rnrrnrnlil rent.ìins, nìost- Crrrlro 199(r cum rc[s.). The rrell-krroln Pliocene lirgc lr nr,rstodons, as rrcll .rs littor.rl nr.rrine molluscs lre rc- nlnrnrrls of rcrrerklblc strltigraphic intcrest frorr rhe Vil- corded in thc Ferrcrc'unir. lalrrnchi,rn tlpe-rrci irc assigned br Azzt urtJ !IAMMAI FAUNAL MN VITTAFRANCHIAN CHRONOSTRAT. Ma AT,E UNIT ZONES TYPE-AREA PLEISTOCENE TASSO OL]VOLA = : I 2.0- l F I z StVALLIER I7 ú t: : ;r€ 2.5- a: \q, !]ONTOPOLI -i66- I t itF ': rriiLr -99 3.0- ; l t. IRIVERSA l6a = (9 I \I 3.5- z > - z l5 o - I-iq. I ChlrnxLr.rtigr.rphic rel.rtionr,,i \l.rnrnrrl.\ge,.li.run.rl Unir, rn(l trù)pcrn 11,1,ìn,.rl NcogÙrc (l\lN) zonf\. Diffcrcnr sedìnr.'rtalt facics n'ìrich qile qood prl- Irig. l I{.rin ttxsililcrcur ilepoiirl,i Llrc Srn illrnìrro unir in rhc ''\ ilhirrnchirn npr rro . ,lcoeìrvironnrcntiÌl inlormltion, .rrc recognisecl by. Brsiìi- ci (1996) in thc S.rn \'lrrrino unit to l hich thc recorded nroÌlusc irsscnbìrrges rr.ill Lrc rcìlted ìn this rvork: - lithofacies A: sant rnd gralelil sedinrcnts oi delt,r chanrrels u'ithout lossils; .rbrupt testifling ,r soil c1uìcli cìror-ning (Basiìicì 1996). 'I'his - lithofacics B: lake rnd pord clilcl scdimenr\ crrr irorrnrent.rl cir.rnge ìs :rccontpanicd br ,r shlrp di- rerÌ rich il,t frc.sh\\.irtcI g.rstropotls,'rncì bivlhcs, such.rs i'er siiìcrrtìon in the molìusc .rssenrbl:rqcs, \-ìtiparus, \',tlz,rtt, PIattorbis, Pisidiru, oi.r lol-cnerqr Thc rich p.rlr nolosic:rl contcnt:rncl pÌant mrcro-r'e- freshrveter enlitonnrcnt lncl oi nrlrinrr-rnr l0 nr deptht nrlins recorded ironr the Sln ùlrrtino unit, nr:ìinl\,ironì m,rnr'pl,rnt renì.ìins.ìnd ostracocls ere lÌso rccorcled iD hr dronrorphous soils.rncl clllcl scdìnrcnrs rich in org.rnic t]resc seclinrents; nl.ttcr. sl'lo\y tllc cLrrrin,rncc of nrrrtshy lrrd srvlnrpv fìo- - lithofacies C: co.rrsc ro iine s.rndl cìeposirs of ristic .rnd .rtborell elcments, u irh ,r fen tropic.rl-subtropi- fìulill ilood l,ithotrt iossil rcnrlin". crì tarr (Betroldi 1996r \{rltìnetto & Maì 1996). litho{acics D: prlcosols nr.rdc upr of clrrvel silt lerl The str;uigrrphic ietting, thc palrcontologicrrl and lich in lossil lcnr.rirts. Glo diiicrcnt tr-pcs of p,rlc'osols p,rh nologic.ìl contcnt of the scdirrrents :rnd the rrrirgnc- havc becn distinsuishe.l: hldronrorpìrous r\pe (litho- rostritiqr-iphy cilr'r;r'd on thc most conrplerc sLlcccssjon facies Dl) rnrr.ie up ol siltr-clrv. oltcn rich in orq:rnic of this unit (st'.rtisr.r1'hic sect;on at tìDB qu,urv, Vill:r- rrrttct, vìelc1ìng irighlr. hy,grophilous hnd g:rstlopocls, irrnc,r cl'Astì) bv cliIfcrent ,ruthols (Lindsev ct ]1. 1930, such .rs Cìir1'clirrli. \crtigt, Otlona, r'odcnrs ,rncì pl.rnt 1997: (lrrr'.rro 1996; Boeno cr,rl. I999; Napolcone et rì. renrrìins, rs trec renlrins ìn liie positìon, lells;rnd lltge 2003) pernrit to reiel rhc Srn Mlrtino unit ro the NIid- rootsi non hlclroruolphous tlpe (lithofacics D2),.vith cllc Pliocenc, nrorc prcciseì\ .rt l.l-2.9 llla oI the Krcna/ pedogenctic stllrctur-es, fornred in a lelldrrrinecl grouncì. l.rtc C,r,.rss chrons. A fc* r'cm,uli,rble Pìioccnc nr,rnrnrll in u hich no org:ìn;c lcnì;ìins lre recolcl.'d. rcnlrìins belonging to the T[ircrs;ì F.U., todat stotcd ir Thc lell corrnron prss:lilc fronr litho|lrcies Dl to thc Pllleo n t ologic.rl Muscurr o1 BrrseÌ, s'cre r:ccovc'tcd b1.' lithoircics B occuning in rhe S.rn NI.rrtino unit is oficn N. Nl.rsoer Villafranca d Astr area ing l frLrthcr good clcnìent of corrcl.rtion since rhis ro- clent rvas previ,rusly found bl N'lichaur (1970) in Middlc -q Extinct species Pliocene sediments near Ar-ondclli (scc hcrcinLrftcr). The -s "9 iauna Aronclelli described b1' in Piedmont sites o e rich micromlnnraì from .9 >j ! ù Fo ó .E -9 rrranl Authors (Kotsakìs ct. al 2003) is pl:rced cor-rc'l;rtive (Middle Pliocene) r! o 6 o tì1. É. o) ro rllc uppcl latc G,russ chron (Nrpoleone et 1003). c)(!(J O Palaeoecology \lanl fossiliferous Plioc.-'r.- dcp'osits L'el<'ngitg to thc Srn I'Iartino unit discolered in thc Vill.rfuncr d'Asti I i|iDdr|\ !,0lldt.rtli ,rrcr in rhc l;rst rcers,rnd the oncs,rlrc'lclr knoln ìn lìt- LutDì.riL itt t io.tDi.1t cr.rtlrrc \\ ere sampled ìn dctail for rnollusc .rnrrlr-sis. The ( t( 0\thirnt ) t)'/i:\r'tiri m.rin lossiliferous sìres.rre RDB quarn. Arboscl'Ìio qu.rr-r, NIeìon,r. (\tt\.ItìtI t IS ) rsrtkkùltr.\lt"1 Arondcllì, Crscina Cescin.r Virrerrgo, Mrdonnl di C.rs.rle. S;rn Paolo, Dusìno rnd Molinerr.r (Fig. 3). In several ourcrops nranlnrrl renlrins bclonging ro lhe TÌi\'- cr's.ì F.u. weÌe iound in,rssenrbh{e wìth nrolluscs. | !tlitlt) ll ) nt) l!ti i r17lr', ' {/1,^,'\,r (1,,1 ,\, Ourside the Vill,rir:rnchiln !\'pc-iucrì ir ne\v fos- silìterous non mxrilìe deposil \\,irs tlìscovc'rcd ncal Ccrc- \L'! l \ \'illulrun(hidnt\ solc cl'Alba (Cunco) b1 P Giuntclli. ln thc srtnrc are,l :L I t t | | \tk ì n Dt I h rlrr0ì Srcco (1389-9C) mentions non-nrrrinc nroììusc-beirir'rFl cìcposits belonrinr to the "Vilìafr-anchiln st,rgc". Otl.rer Gu\trt)114,tù t.1 | 0t 11inlît sisnific,rnt loc,rlitics, such :ìs Fossirìo (Cunco) irncl T'rs- I .ìr^la arrlltni slrolo lAlessrndria), are rcportecì bl Slcco in thc srnre Lrit).\^ld útt'rhhki p.rper. ì!l.rnr fossiliferous sitcs arc nr.rpped br this author in toporrephicel mrps (1:25.000) stored in thc Diplri- ci. t:0{h'hiltr,' dlii\ii nrcnto cli Scienze della Terr,r of the Univcrsitl of'furin ù)!t n,l, tlotrs D!t ul i h rlt1i.\ (F. Sacco's :rrchir ). lúì Il |\ tlDtat t\ | i t r1i h t I iL.tî x I Thc Plìocene rssembligcs fronr the \lillafirnchian D i \L t6 I nt L xrt h i I ì. LtI I' tlpc-.rrc,r,rnd out of it rncnrionecl bv S.rcco itt nunrcrous prpers :rnd the ones neu h collecred rle listccì * irh taxo- l',1 &,'! I ú I t n.' t.\ "Jt "ù ". nonic revision in Trb. l; onlv the crtircr rrncl tevised spe- l\it. t iLt t )\r nloul!int cics lre reporred because ol rhe inconrplete infornr.ition on !hc c\lrnt species. Thc detailed qu:rlit:rtive :rncl quirntitirri\rc prìrcoeco- \rr?/rrì ( /,rrl (n sub{.)\r. I logic rnrìvsis of rhe molìusc rs!enbliìges flort e,rch de- 1'rosit, blscd on the ertribution oI elch species to i'r prrticu- llr biotope, foìlows the classic.rì prìreoecolocic.rl nrcthod oî Lozck 1t9e+1 in order-ro poinr out rhc'lifc cnliron- (othhtlìu r l' t nntluntìnoru ct. rurenr of the nrollusc faunrs rnd the srrict rel.rtiolship be- Tr i DI ttl' itl rkt \ tt rh,tu a t t h! t\\'een the scdimcntan f,rcies.rncl rhe rvpe ol .tssenrbhgc. I)tLjt.ur^tù kt t)hukx hìhr1ùL Onh',rutochthonous :ìssenrbligcs lrc tiken ;nto :'Ìccou11t. Dt\'t,. r)rt,tta t)litu riLthúIrr For thc old rccords menrioned bv S.rcco onll qurlitrîire ,rn,rh sis is possible. \,hlt, AL ttu h"tIittii T.rb. | - [:rrinct non mrrine mollusc species trln, relerteJ \liJillt The "Villafrenchian type-îreî" sites I'jliocene io::iliienrus sires oi PiccLn,ont. Villafranca d'Asti and San Paolo (Solbrito). Non- nrlrinc nolluscs iìre reported bv Sisnroncl'r (1851) ancl Srcco (133,{. 1335, i8S6b, 1339-90, lS97) iro:rr Pliocerre .rllulill clcposits and lellou.ol grccn-gtrrv rr'rt ls croppìng 1977) nd son'ìc tccth ol Aittll|cus L1r,'erttell/J \\'cIc touncl our in scverll sites in rhe Villlfr,rnchirn tvpc-rrc.t ('lbpo- in thc follol'inq )ears (Cirraro 1996). Furrhcrnrolc ntì- sr,rphicrl nrrps Montrfir 69-TV-lV and Srrtr D,rnrì,rno 6') cron'r.ìnlnràl r cmajns beìonging to the r-odcnl ,4Podcr?11-l lV-lll; l;15.000, sur\,elcd bv lì. S.rcco). Severll nllstodon alsonq,oittcs hnc becn found rt RDB qulr'\' ìu the ltst ren'ìlins $-erc fourìd in rcddish cì11ev nì;ìrls overì\'ìng rhc vcirs (Ciinilherolri 1997b; Kotsekis ct rl.200l) suPPlY- rrollusc-bearing ìly..er s. Thc Srn Paoìo lociìl IÌriìrìrìral fauniì Plír'totc ttott td)í t ,tÒ{l s is tcnt:rtiveh pllccd correlatirc to tlìe Lrtc Gauss chron % Cascina Melona. Ecologica N0. % .rt about 2.9 \{.r bv N.rpolconc et (2CC3). Licustrine ecological iì. well clay I oass sPecim. specim classes nrollusc tax,r pcrirrting to oxr'gen.rtccl rr_.rter boclr', srLcìr ]OSF l 385 2W(s) '.ts \,' it, i p ar u s po l l o r cra í, R ii4, n i a tt lt tLt c u Lrt,T, E n n e r i t i a TOSF 2 7.69 7t\,4 7.6S pliocenica, Gyr'ttrlus albus and Irnd hlglophilous spe'cics C (S ) pseudotelrodon 9P 1 385 9P such llctriie//a rlepressls- of open-forcst cnvilonnlent. ls Carychium so. 9P 61 54 lOSF 11 situa tnà Htyronit ctrintti:sìna, ch,rtectcrisc thcsc sctli- L. truncatula 10SPPp 1 3.85 l0SPPp 3.85 nrents. Sonìc c\tirlct species belonginq to deciduous lor- Oxyloma sp 9P 2 769 esr ta\:ì (Esu 1999). such ú J,tn l!!s, Discu:, L,rniniJert, V/trea sp. 7t\4 1 3.85 f-ol,aai.r, llso occr.r. A prer alencc of lithoi,rcics B (poncls R. /R.) deoresslssma 7M2 I 3.85 'I or sn-rall ìlkcs) tlith surrounding opcn-ri,oodlencl c,rn be Ltmax so. 2W(s) 3.85 26 in ferr ccl. RDB quarrl (Villafranca d'Asti). Rich nrolltrsc :Ìssell1bl.gds of l.rncl .rnd frcsh\\';rrcl !1.ìstropods .lnd bi- viìì\'es come ironr p.rlcosols (Ìithol.rcies D) end.rlter- 4A nlting lecr.rsrrine scclimcnts (lirholrtcies I3) cropping out .ol i (ììrnghclottì 2DI I rt RDB qurrri' (Esu I982; 1997b) u,hclc to' the San lVlrrtino rrnir is vcry *c'll erposed. Alonq thc' ,$/i- sedinrcnrerv succcss;on lithoflcics A lr-rd C, boLh b.rr-- 2W(s) 7M 9P 10SF lOSPPp ren oi mollrrscs. llso occur- Ifrnl terrestrial hlgrophìl- ous rlenlcnr\ conlc ironr the subflcies Dl (hldronor- Ìì.ì. I Leok'uic.,l oi rh.' ,r,)llu'f .ú'.'rllbljgc li,nr lìtho- phous p.rlcosols) rvhich is vell trcclucnt in the sectiort. 'pectrum i,rcid\ l)l r C,rrcin.r \ltìr'n.r icl.rr sell). Ecologicrl nr.rrl's: ,rncl u,hich thc Nl:rnv extinct lancl ircshrvatcl rlxl, relch l\\'(r) - spccics ljling in opcn sootls,,nd scnrbs, sonrctirrrrs in 5O'/o of tl-re ror.ìì, occur. Scvcrll ertlnt specics, such ,rs opur 0l,rLc.r 7l\1 ncsopìrilous speeics liiinsin d.rnrp or Lìrr Pottatias clcg,urs. \'ililltr crist,tttt, \'. piscí*tlis, L1nnde,t pì.rcc':')l' srrongl' hrsrophiì,'Lrs.pecìcs lling in nr.rnhis or in .crr d.rrrp ro rcr pl.re*t i0SÌ: rqu.ùic \p(ci(\ Ínt n eatu la, I' lat t orbi s pLor orb i s,.I tt is u s sp irorb i;, C) tt',r u - 'inril.rr lirinl:. in *ill or.nrorinq s.rrcr: l0SPPp -rqu.rric spccic. lir- Ius albus, Plantnbarirrs contetts. lactstris. Suc- 'lcntlotrt: ing rìrher in.tillrrcr',r irr nr.rr':hcs.rnd periodìc m.rrshes. tinea oblorgt, Ti urtc,ttellin,t cl. cdllict,rtis, \'ertigo att- gustior, Pu ctutlt lJtg//úeunt, Di:crs roturd,ttus, \'ilte,t (o ftt1ctt1, \i. subrinrtta, Pisìdiu t pcrsonatrTr! ale ilso presenr.'I'he clorDinancc of palust[ine or Ì.rYgrophiloLrs l,r.rd t"re, such .rs (-'.ol'cDizrai. \'c'rtgo, Leios4'la, Discrts, \:in'ea, H1'gronia, is noticcd in thc p.rll-osols. The le- Arondelli (Scarassera). Ar rhe old quarrv oi C:rsci- corded esserlblrrges point to rrlreln:rting llcustrinc ancl nr Arondclli (tochl nanrcd C;rscinr Darnasia), irn old c\- nlrrshrl envir'()nnrent. For the clerlilcd qurnt;trti\ e inirì- p"'.rn r i, lJcJ \1.,nìr rììollu\c\.rÌìJ nLrÌlr(r{'J\ rri(r'orììtnl- lsis see Cirnsherotti (199 /b). lltal reDl:1r n \. The nolluscs, recoverecl bv M.D.A. Savege of thc Arboschio quarry (Cantarana). Non-tlr:Ìrìnc n)ol- Unilersirl oi IJc.rklev and coll.rborltols, u'ere relerrccl bv luscs conrc ironr rhe uppel p;rrt oi thc scction iÌr ihe front Truc (l97l.r: I l9) tor*enericPlioccne. No list is givc'n bv of thc Arboschio qùf,rrl at i.l5 nr (=lelel D lithozorte this euthor. In the s.rme arc:r;r ne\\'slritigraphic section .{ in Pevir 1970) n'herc the Srn l! lrtino Lurit crops oLrt ncrr Cascirlr'Ì S.rn N{ertino, s'hcre rhe lithoiacjes B oi the overlving the Middlc Pliocene:r.rrine sedimcnts of rhc San M,rrrjno unit is *'cllerposed (B:rsilici 1996), provided Fcrrere unìt. Vcrteblrte reùi1ins c)l the Trilcrsa F.U. .tlc 11 poor nroìlusc lssenrblage contposccì of feu, llcusttine aìso rccorded (P:rvi:r 1970). An rssenrblage of l.rcustrinc species, \lprr//r,,ricra ì. P cornurs tnè, Pisrrlr;rrr sp., pointin* and hlgrophiloLrs l.rnd gesrropods, in s'hich thc rqultic to l sh.rllorr r',.rter [rodr', such .ìs i'r pond or.r sm:rll ll]ic. prosobrrnchs \. pollotterai ,rnd \iptscil.r1r. :rre dotnin.rnr (80'Ìr"), is rccorded irom non-nrlrine silrr-m;u'ls,rntl l,r- Cascina Melona (Roatto). On the lcft b,rnk oI rhc custrine cl.u s reicrrcd to tl.re lirhof:rcies B. The l;rncl hv- Tri'ers.i river ircsh$:rter and tc'rrestriel nroìluscs conre IÌrophilous t.txit, Catl,chiu.n ci. tttittirttlnl rnd Nrgrrlrrs frorr siltv cllls ertrlctcd ionr l lS nr deep u'cll ncrrr the L'ilLaft arcl:iau us, occur in 1o\\'Pelccntrgc (15-9'. in tot.rÌ) flrm Clscinl MeÌonr North-lcst of Roatto.'fhc lccord- Fragmentall Clrrusjljidae irc ilso plcscnt. The nrolluscs cd ieun.r (Fig. 4) conrposed m.rinlv oI marshv tarl (9P; point to sh;rllorv lrrcl slou-h'currcnt tiìter ind r rììoist 7-1,1"6), such s Can,chirn rnd O.r:Ì 1orrd, charrcteriscs surrounding e'nviroDneút. Il.rnv Icll inrprints,rre llso thc htdromorphous pxleosols (lirhofrcies Dl). The pres- recorded uhich shorr- a snanrp pllnt communitv sirh cnce oi sonlc aqu:ltic clenents oi sh,rllon-natet such :rs Aluus and Taxodiun (Marrìnetro $: llai 1996). \altata and L1'ttnttea, tesrifies iì r'er1'n-et ground, thirt is 522 D. lrrr N -1. Ct,ngltnttt Cascina Melona: Madonna di Casale. r\ pollrypic.rsserrblagc contcs Fcolooicàl No. % % ecological 5 m over Ironr non-nr:rrinc deposits class specim. specim ol the S.rn \l.rrtirlr unir crop- S ieanvireti ping out in .r ploLrghed liclcì.rr N,l.rclonnrr clj C,rsrlc, Norrh V. pollone?i IOSF 2 1.19 l0P 0.89 oi C.rscina Vi:rrcngo. ìl.rrshr specìcs, beìorrging ro C.rr1,- Pseudamnicola sp. 10sF 38 33 93 10s 2.68 cltiuttt sp., L. truttc,tttla, C. tÌbrs, \'ertigo attii'ertigo. f,rc V. cnstata 10P 089 lOSF 95.54 clonrilt;tnt (60",,). Spccies oi mc,rc'ot lcss humicl open V. piscinalis lOSF 67 59 82 TO 089 rroodl.ind. such.rs I tlcy,ots, D. )t)tullntus. ll,. tlcNetsi5- Planorbidae indet. r0 089 :iDti, (ìash1)o7tn utrh ncunt il.lzt, Gdsh!coptn (\ er- A. lacustris 3 268 lllli ) 112 tigoltsis) ntoratic,t, eìso occur in krrrcr percentl{e. Thc composìtiort o1 rhis .rsse'rrrLrllgc sùggcsrs .r Llrolcrancc % 100 ir.orr lirhol.rcics I) 1. 80. Dusit'to. S.rcco (lSS9-9C) nrentìons tìre record ol' 60- .f vcltcbr,rtc lcnriins. sLrch rs.r nerìrlv conrplcrc skcleron o1' Ihinocelos. .rnd I.rnd .rnd frcsh\',rte r rnoìluscs lr Dusin(). l.irter on thc rììirloccros \-ls reicrrecl to 5.|erzrri,a-etr (Clnt- ry, prnìno L't.rl, 199.1 cunr reis.). Nel fossiììferorrs dcposirs 10 rliscor crecl ncll l)usino ccnrctctl in thc llst i c:rrs lie'lded ìotcr Vill.r[r-.rnchi.rn norr-nlrine rrol]uscs. lr dc.rls *'irh nt;rrls belonging ro lirhoircics L) L The recorde'd nrollusc I:ig. 5 - E.(,lo*;.rl ,,i rhr m,'1ìur. i"enbl.ì!f ri'nì ìirlr,'' 'pctrrurr irtun;r is cor':tposccl bi clorrin.urr nrlrshr- clcments (9P; i.rcicr ll .rL C.rs.ir,r \lfl,),ìr irhi,ì()..,(J\ sirct. È-eologjc.rl 17,92"r,), ()a1'cLittnt pst'ru{otttrodott nìirli.: ìqr.ìri..pecier lirinr in rrrr.ho rnrì in sr.rch ;rs cf. rncl \].ra- l:l' 'h.,1 rrierrigo, bl roodìrncl hygrophiloLrs species. sr.rch ls Cr.,- lor s.rLcr rlch ir rcgcr.rLio,r: ICS r,luìrìc 'priit' lrìr,r lr irill \l.r Ìasl:-.rqu.rric speeic' ììring ìn 'rill or nrovir,r tl:ltnliu,t ci. pt olan outt,r ;tnd flelìtoLLtttr o1.,."rrlrtr in lou cr rir(f: li .ìquri. 'peci.' ror iilenritie.ì. pcrccntrgc (6,25'.r,) rnd br uell lcplcsentccl snr.rll-sizcd bir':rlres. Pr.rr/lalr cdtot.t1trItÌt (+5,S-ì""). liring in rirriorrs .rqLriric hxl)ìr.rts. Verr d.rnrp conclitions oi rhe soil *hcrc the nrolìuscs lilecl .rrc inlcrrecl in rccorcl.rncc rl.ith rhe rec- ogniscrl Iithoiacics. -Ì'he I liigh lcvcl ot \\ irtcr-t.ìl)le. p.rliìeoc.ìrpolo!aic.ìl .ìn:rl\ - sis of rhesc' \cdilìlents is in rrccorclirnce ,.r ith thc nrollusc N{olinctta. S.rcco ( I 8Sc)-901 clcsclibes rich fossilil- p,tìircoccolog\ shor',ìng.r hìr:h per-cenr,rr:c of nrlrshr hcr- crous cìcposirs ìn tìrc St.rner lsso little r.rìler' .rr thc foot ol' b.rceous pl,rnts (lVl;rrtinetto & Nlri 1996). C.rse li'.rr crsole .r herc l contplerc skcleron ol mastodon Moreover freshq'ltcr nìolluscs \\'cÌ c l ecol decl fronl wrs rccolercd. A sicniiicant polvrl'pic.rl oollusc f:rr,rn.r I sedir)enr:rrv deposit cropping our rbour i 5C nr Sourh of srs .rls,r recordt'cl trt us fionr .r cut of .r hiìl on the'lcir C. Melonl, \\'hcrc rhirloceros re:rrains tefer-rccì to Ste,p/r- b.rnk of Rio Stan,rvesso, rt Molincttil. Nllnv forcst tax.r dtnrlrì us jcantirati hl.' bccn collected in the nincries oI hunrid cnvironnrent. suclr ,rs .1clcrrLr liiteata, Plan'la (Canrp.rnino ct il. 199.+).'Ihe nroìluscs conrc ffolr siìr\ spp., llc,rica sp.1, iltantltinrla ttculutta. ll p),gtt,teun. D. cl.ur overìr'inq thc s,rrrJr lc'cl [,..rlinq rhe llrirr,,rcru. rott!udnt s, \'in'inobncbiun breze, \. subrintta, R. dc- bones. The lithof.rcies lJ is vclr ncll rcprescnlecl bv sed- ptcssissinta, l!. caritutissitt,t, rc donrinilnt (57.66o;). Thc irrrentarv elidenccs and bl the don'Ìinrìlìcc of nlolìuscs sedìnrents ,rrc artributccì to the lithoiecies D L Sonre er- (95,5,t"ri,) requirinu o\\'gcnxîed \\..1tcr1 such is Pseudart- tinct trr\r1 siqr-rilìclrrt bl ir chrorosrrltigr.rphic lncl ir,rÌec- icoLl sp. and \r prsclri.r/ls (Fir. 5) obìoeeour.rphic point oi vicu (Trb. 2). such rs llcrrca sp. I (.r nes specics ol rhe i.rmilr Aciculidrc unclcr studv br. Cascina Viarcngo. A vcr-r' rich non-narinc nrcrlÌusc Ci.rngìrcrorri & L.su), 1)fu1'lr cf. callosa (?),2 cl. klent- îssemblilie comes ironr the dcposir oi the S.rn \11'rino n i, C,tn'clì trn ( Catl cltclla 1 ci. prrrsscgrlr,rncl Ti'iptyltia unit cropping out neal Crscin,r Vi.rreùgo (North $ csr oi ,t,t stot/on topltila, MIOCENE PLIOCENE fvtocENE 'tEl PLEISÎOCENE LAIE EXTINCT E I L I I g I a q g D D E E E E E ó o T D E s È L L E ó E L E L o o E E cl cf * cf T E E rt * * t E ' t.loh )\d t\t.\ \dd i.ttkI E ìF.ìt+.: ? lt rÉ * * t ? E E E * t n I * lt :E+i E * E t t E E E E E tll:ts' * ' E t t lÉH E ETÈ1 ì /rrdl)^ (til (\ubg.n. ) sp E E la /v/1/r/.Ítr7./ sLrhsD I E E E E E E E E E E T.rb..l - Str.rtirr.rphic.rn.l geogr.rphic rrng. ,ri rhe \lìddlt I'lioccnr errincr non m.rrinc nrrllusc' ironr Picctntot. c/rzc,èr comes Irorr the Middle Nlioccne deposìts of Stcin- se.r'-sur Tillcs. Rhóne basìn, Francc), slrch u H. (l l.) du heirn:rm Arlbuch and Hollabrun (Austria) (ì!1N 718) bnreilliatta, P klenrni, S. lcnoiri, C. (C.) prrisseguri, C. (Esu 1999 cunr refs.)i (5.) pacl:1'chìlun, C. (5.) psaudotcn'odon, C. laei.,issim,t, b) a good numb.'r of species (20'lt,) recotdcd fronr \l (\l) noulati, N. Jischeri, H..drlrlrtir.vr7,r irnd the gcncra the Errlv and Micldle Pliocenc deposits oi \\tstern tr.r- LaninipIic,t, llottopt1,cbia md klt|icleunia (Truc I97Ie, rope (Ccìleneulc, Hautcrives .rnd Vallée des Tilles, Ccs- b; l912; L,su 1999; Nordsieck 2000). Plioctue ton-n,trine nolltts Jion Notl:-.;cstrr ltdll' 525 Piedmont EUROPE OUT OF non endemtc Selected EUROPE Italran Piedmont genera distribution 2 ge Sleggo (V) EML= EML EML c'oslo o (E) Schuettennericia , A/eguius ? uJ e5 F,gh,lle (r) Fó Gastrccopta (Albinula) ') G astroc o pta (V e ftigo ps i s ) , Eostrobi/ops 2 )anulus lJ.l Palaeoglandina f! tÈÉ Serrulella Nordsieckia Polloneia o Laniniplica P tÀ Neostynaca 5 Tnpvchia Schlickunia 'Iitr. .1 - Chr('nosrrìrigr.rphic rrnur oi seìecrcd genere recordcd irom Il itldlc Plioccnc Piednxrnr sitcs. z TE (J Nurashe Su until rhe Lerc Plìocene (Tabs. 2 and 3). ActuaÌly thcv are : ns rccorded from sevcnlMiddle and Late PÌiocenc deposirs Eh5 of Tuscur'. Unrbria and l.atium (Manganelli et al. 1990; Anrbrosetti et rl. 1995; Cianghcrotti et al. 1996; Petronio jUUU-jUUl P' ct.rl. .lrlo Der\onìl OJt.t). Onlr,,r fcs,spccies, such as C. (C.) puissegui, L. buccin iftnr is, N. .ci llaft'ancltiarus (?), G. (V) noratica ù a,nd P lunensis (?), extend into thc Early Pleistocene of U: Umbra r= Ìosca.y L= larufr s= Sardrn6 E= Em'l'a V= Veneùa Italr.; C. (C.) ptisscguri is also recorded from the Early f.rb. -l - Di:tribLrrit'n oí rhr: e:itincr non-cntlemic l'iednront specier Pleisrocene oI Frrnce andG. (\t\ notat'ica from thc Ear- in ltrlt: Iv Pleistoccne of France, Hungarv and Czech Rcpublic (l.oZek 1964; Kr olopp 1983). At genus or subgenus ]cvel thc Piednront asscmblag- es are characterised bv some archric thermophilous land el- ements of prclailing Paleogene-Miocene European origin c) l small nutnbcr ol specics (8"/") knorvn orrll (Trb.4). Scr,er:rl tasr, such as Nrjl//as, Castrocoptu (Albiìu- iron the Middle Plìocerrc of Ccntral Europc (Frechen la), Leiostyla (Leiostlla), Eostrobilops, J anulus, Palaeoglawli- :rnd Forruna Rheinischc Braunkohlc. Cernrrnr', Schlic- u, Tì'ipq'chù, arc disrributed in various Oligocenc non-nra- kunr Ei Strruch l979), such r V polLnerai (?), L. buc- rine deposits of Europc; a feu' lre knol'n since Paleoccne, cinrJinntis, G. (V) noracic't and A. spìelthraesi; such a,s Palaeoglaxdirra, or since Eoccne, such as Negulus, d) a proailing stock (66%) of endenric c'lemenrs G.tstrocopt.. (AlbinuLr) (?) andfi'ip4'chia; sonrcone clsc. such dìstributed in seler:rl Picdrrront sitcs (Teb.1 ) rnd restrict- s Scltreft enntet i citt, Gasù'ocopta (l/ertrgop.srs) (?), Sen'u lella, cd to the lvlìddle Pliocenc'. Nc,rdsiecki,r, Schlìcb orzra, is knon n sincc Miocenc (Esu 1999, Morcover the p,rl,rcobiogeogrlphic irnalvsis of thc cum rcfs.); particularlv the genus ScÀllcÈznria is confincd ro rccorded t,rxr points out that during thc Middle Plioccnc non-marinc basins of South-s'estcrn Europe (Spain, South- rhc sprerding of sonrc rcrrestrial spccies, such rs H. (H.) eastern Ftrncc and North-\\'estern Italv) (Truc l97lb). clubrueillidn,r, P ci. c,tllos,r, C. (C.) ptrixegrri, C. (5.) Most of these taxa, such as Sc/r,ette,r ntericia, Not'- pach)'cltilut, C. (5.) psudotetrodon, N. úllafiturcbiat us, tls i cckia, Po I I or eri"r, Lan i n i pl i ca, Trip4, ú ia and S c h I i ch u - Q, (A.) ,tcunitutta, G. (\l) noratiot L. gottschicki, E. lrir, died out in thc Middle Pliocene, others sun ivcd out aloisii, N. fiscberi, P pliocenica, took pl,rce Irom North- of Europe in other continents lnd at different laritudes, rvestcrn Itrll torvlds Ccntral It:rh rvhere thcv persisted some in rvarnrer regions: Negrils is living in Eastcrn Af- 526 /:vr D c\ '1. CinghcrÒtti * = lossil lllll : tíÀg 1ìg. S Dirrtjburion rr.rp,'i rh< genu'/,,,r,,/,is Lo"e. Fig.6 Disrtil.ution nrìp ol rhc gènu\ \€grlr. Bocrr{er. lics erc olten reprcscnrcd in rhc polltr pic.rl essernblagts conrposed ol ìud and ftcsh\\'itter trxl. At the ntrin fos- silìferous sites, RDB qtr.rlrr .rncl Ce rcsole d'Aìba, oler 2.{ rica (Ethìopìa and Erirrc;r) (Fie.6); Gastro.aptd (Albil Ìd) lrrr-niÌics oi prosobr-;rnchs, hcrerobr-lnchs ilrld pulnronirtcs is ncariic (sonre spccics li\.e in Merico ancl Ccnrrll-c.rsr- occut * hjch points to f.rvrur',rblc clinratic condirlons for crn United St;ìtcs): Leiostyla (LeiostlLt) ìir.es in l\,1:rcL: ir.r. thc rnoÌluscs. Canary Is., Azorcs, Algeri.r,rnd sporadicrlll in \\irreln It is notcnorrìrr rhlt .r high llre of ertinct t:rr,r Europe as rcliu, Eosn'obilops liles in Eastern Asir SoLrrh (rbout tro thirds ol thc ror.rl) occuì's ìn rhe Pieclnronr of +0"N (Fig. 7), Janulus livcs in Madeira :rnd in C.rn.rrv f.run.rs. Is. (Fig. 8) (Eru 19991 Caneron & Cook 2001). Dilcrsc pal.rcobiol (in lol'er percentage) and Earhi'Middle Pliocene origin ironr Ccntral-V,/estern Eulope and a prcv;rlent stock of cndcrric ertìnct species. A spreeding of son.rc land species rook pìace during the Ntiddle Pliocene ironr North-s'cstern Itall' ros'ards Central Italv (Fig.9) rvherc thev persisrcd till thc. end of i (Rhein) \ the Plioccne, probably supported b1'.r gencral diffusion L FortLrna I \.e of thcir f.rlounble h:rbitat along the Italian peninsulx at rhe tinle spirn trliddle-Lxte Pliocenc: marshes rnd/or srrlrrrpl sutrtropical forcsts, as it is resrificd bl th" o.- cuncnce oi mollusc lssemblages requiring simillt envi- ronnrent in the Middle Pliocene deposits of Vrì di Pesr (Tuscrnl ), Canroreu (Unrbria) iìnd Fabro (Latium) ancl in thc Upper Pliocene sedinrents of the Fossil Foresr of Durrarobb'l (Unrbria) (Ambrosctti et al. 1995; Petronio cr al. 2000-2002). The high frequenc;' of thermophilous and subtropicrl forest elenrcnts in thesc assemblages is indicrtive of a s arm clinì;tte and of diffuse moist forest biotopes in the Piednlont blsin irnd in CentraÌ lt.rlv dur- ine thc Middle Pliocene srrnr perìod and a part of the Latc Plìocene. Thc Plioccne fossilifcrous non-nrarine scquence of the Fossil Forest of Dunarobba (Tcrni) representing the upper pr! t ol thc Fosso Bianco Formation rnd the Ponte Nrj,r Folrration at Toppetti quarl \' (Todi) arc beÌicved to be L:rte Pliocenc in rge (.Iab. 3) on rhe basjs of vcrtebr:rte elidence, poììcn anrlvsis and nagnetostratigraphv (Ab- bazzi et .rl. 1997; Pontini c\ Berrini 2000; Nrpoleone cr |ìr.9 - Gcorr.rphic.rl dittLrsion "i i']iedrront n,'rr m.rLine mollLLscs durìng rhr \liddlt l'jlioccnc. Signilic.,nr \liocenc.rnd l'lì.,ccne el. 2003), The rccoldcd mollusc lssenrblages from these non-nrrinc L'rsin' rrc poinrtd our. ts'o sitcs, espccially the ones iron.r Dunarobba (An.rbro- serri et irl. 1995; Perronio et al 2000-2002), shon, a cer- tain sirnilrriry in rhe faun;rl corrposition rvith the Mid- dle Pliocenc Piednront one mainlv as for the e>rtinct land îre subordinrte. Some prc,sobranchs and hetcr-obranchs species, nevertheless the higher perccntage oi thc cxtant prcferrins norc o\l'llenìred n'iìter, sucl'ì i1s \: cristata, spccies in comparison q'ith thc extinct oncs and rhe hck Schuattcmntcricìa, Pseutlannicola, occur locallv testifv oi scverll Piednront land taxa charactcrising the Triversa ing rhc suppll oi springs or streams. The recorded as- fauna falor rhc arrriburion of the to'o cons;dered sites oI scr-nblages char;cterjse .1 verv drnlp or lllarshv cnvirorì- Cerrtral ltirÌy to the I-ate Pliocene. n)cnt, like hl drorrorphous soil to t hich the dcposits of lithofecies Dl are r eferled. Generlìlv the pirl:rcoecologicirl an.rllsis ol tlrc as- sembl,rges shorvs r donrinance of highll hlgrophiious hnd lnd m,rrshl' t.rxe. The vcgetatìon cover ought to be mainiv arborcal in accordancc to nr,rcroiloristic and paÌvnologic.rì arulr.scs rvhich show thc diffusion oi the rhermophiÌous Taxodi- ton úd GLyptostroDirs ,rrbore,rì taxrÌ in th:ìt area (BertoÌdi 1996; Martinetto & \4rì 1996). Fronr ,r palacoclimltic point of licrv the presence of t\ckro'alul'sctne,ú'.Thtnhs erc tlue to |. Crmprrnino. Museo llc- n'hose modern telative livc in tropical rìiìnl mollusc t:ì\l snrn.rle di Scienzc Nrrur.rli oi Turin. ior supph ing iofc'rm.rr;,'n .rbout or subrropical arens and the richncss .rnd I;rtge diversit,r'ot Sicco's mrps. io C. lìorno:rnd E.lvlrrtinetto. Universitt ofnrlin,.rncl P rhc mollusc asscrnblages point to n at mer conditions than {ìiunrelÌi n,r rheir help in the iìe'ld resc.rrch. ro R. Jansscn, Scnckenberg \luseum in I'r.rnkiurt.r. !1.. for the disposal oi rhe nr.rl.tcol,iqicrl n.Ìre- present in iìgreement u ith thc palynological evidence. ri.rl ,,nd ro O. Gìri'tti. Unirersìrv of Ronre. for thc uscful dìscussions ,rt point liew thc Fronr a palaeobiogeographic of Senckcnberg \luscurn. \\brk prescntecl rt the \\brld Congress otll:rl.r Middlc Pliocenc'non-rrarinc rnollusc f,runa from Pied- colos\ 2001. $'ien (Esu :001), s!pporrcd bv lvlURST 160'1, "ivlolluschi monr sho\\'s various elements s'hich point to l Miocene conrinenrrlì e mi,:romrmnifcli dcl Neogene ilcll ft.rlir"). 528 D. Esn &,4. Ctdì)gberotti RIIIERENCES Abbazzi L., ALbianelliA., Ambroscttill, Arqcnti P, BasìliciC., Ciangherorti A.D. (1997b) Paleoccoloqic an,:l biostrerìgrrphic Bertinj A., Genrììi S., Masini Ij., Napolcone G. & Pon enrlvsis of thc \{iddlc Pliocere land mollusc fauniÌs fronr tini M.R. (1997) Paleonrologicaì and sedimenrologi- thc R.D.B. qurrq- (Vill:rfr.rnc.r d'Asti, Picdmont, Norlh cal record in Pliocene distal allulial fan dcposits rt Crva r'"esr ltalr-). IJr:l/. Soc. Palcont.1t., ]6; 29-l-101. N,loden.r. Toppetti (Todi, Central Itall'). Boll. Soc. 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(1977) - The Villafranchian sr.rge in It:rl1'md the I'lìo- cle l ltrlie: jndications biostrrtigrrphiqucs ct piÌóoclinra Pleistocene bound:rry Giorn. GeoL.,,l1: 61-79, Bologna. tiqLles. Co11. \ti I l aJrtn c hi en,ll e d t r err-., I : 7 1 -82, Lillc. AzzaroliA. (1983) - Quarernarv mammals rnd thc "cnd Vil- Lsu D. (1999) - Contributjon ro the knonlcdgc of Ncosene cli- lai'anchun Jr.p... r' \.. r - A rurn.nc poinr rn rl'c I'i - nlaric chlngcs ìn \\'cstern:rnd Ccntral Europc br merns tory of Èurasia. Palaec'gec'gr., Palaeoclìm., Pa[aeoecal., 41: of non-marine moììuscs. In AgustiJ. rt al. (cds.) Honr 117-139, Amsterdan. inoicl evo]urion rncl clinirric chlngc in lìuropc, 1. Thc BasiliciG. (1996) Le successionc tipo villefranchiene. Scdìnrcn clolurion of Neogene teÌrestriiìl ccosvstcnÌs ìn Europc: tologia. In: Crrraro F. (cd.) - Rcvisione clel Villafranchi- 32E 35-{, Cambridgc Unir: Prcss. ano nell'area tipo dì VìÌl:rfranca c)'Asti. ll Quaternario, Lsu D. 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( 1980) Plìoccnc paleoecologia e paleobiogeografia. Doctoral thesis: ll6 dispersaì of the horsc ErTals and latc Ccnozoic tnarrmal pp., Unìversity of Rome "La Sapienza". dispcrsel cvcnrs.,\'atrr-c, 287: 115-118, London Plioccnc non narine tttolluscs t'ron Nafth-irester ltab, 529 LoZek \l (1961) Quartiirmollusken der Tschcchoslou al Appendix -Taxonomic remarks Tabs. I and 2 are drawn up taking inro account rccenr sl,stem_ & Gjusrl (2000a). On rhe brsis of rhese opinions and of our conpari .r^ r'e'i'ion. ol,ome trrli.rr :rd Ion gn,pecir.: son of Itrlian mareriai from Piedmont and Umbr;a with specìmens of vertigo (ScarabelLa) Szcco (1s8s), V fossanense ls.r rrJ.re,,5 Cdsùaco?td (Atbínuld) srored in SenckenbergMuseun of Frrnkfurt we lÌr. qaataordentata Sacco (1s86), V (S., capetlinìì Sacco (.1885),V (5.) agree rvith rhe trvo aurhors. capetliniì aar. tìgu*ica S^cc(, (.1887) Ptpa lafteti D\rpry (1s50) p , , d,pryì U (5.) cdpelinit \ú bgurri., from Trssarolo is, in our opinion, Michaud (1855), G,zruro copta (Vertigop,n) ne;jerl Schlickum (t 928), G. s,vnonl-mou! r'ih V (S.l îd?elLinì; lrcm Fossano due to rheir srrong (V) lernt Schlickum & srrauch (1e7e). siniìarit,v and ro rhcir co-presence in the sane deposìts 3r Tassarolo. V (5.) recorded from the type Joxanense, locality of Fossano, The shell characrer of \.f (5.) upetlinii tttows ro ascribe ir to rhe genus is believed to be subspecies ol Gaxrocopta (Albinnla) acuminata (Klein leiosrlla (Manganelli et e1. 1990). As the prescrved Sacco's materialjn 1846) from the Middle Miocene of Mórsingen (ccrnany) b.v \renz Musco Regionalc d; Scienze NarLrrali of Turin is very poor Oicrero (r923-193a: 919, "G. (A.) acumìnata rhe fossanensis"). On contrarll Monara et al. I981), r conspecificity b eween L. capettinii anà L. gotx according to rhe revìsìon of rhc European g:strocoptids b1, Mang:nelli róicÉt is difficult to statc even if vcry probibre. & Giusri (2000a) u (5.) n)stbe considercd junìor fa'sanense synonynr G. (V) tlehni iron the Middte Pliocene oi !rechen and Fortunr wtth G. (A.) acanìnata. (Rheinischen BrauDkohle, Germany) rnd from tljo-ptejstocene Itaiian Moreover rhe follo*.ing h>ta, V ( S.) fossdnen\s rtr. quatuorden deposits is believed ro be junior synonvm wìth Gdstlo.aptd (Ve]1ígop- tata fromFossano,P krterl from the Middle Miocene deposirs ofSansaù sts) moraztica (Petrbok 1956) from thc Early tleisrocene o{ Hungary (France), G. (A.) acaninata acunínara (leg. G. Truc, SMF 22451s/s, (Trb.2) by Manganelli & ciusri (2oooa). G. (V) neijeri from thcLare Senckenberg Museuin IFnkfur!) from rh€ Lrre Miocene deposirs of Miocene of Hungery is also held (*,irh doubr) bv rhese authors con_ Molìon (France), G. (A.) dcuninata fossanensts (SMF 248617 / ti 271529/ specific with G. (V) nr:raùca.Indeed the specinens ot C. (V) ne;jeri 17;27453a/1) fronr the Middle Pliocene deposirs of Frechen/Fonunr stored in Senckenberg Museum (SMÌr 2171I1l1 hototypus, 274615,/55) (Gernrany) and of ltaly znd P dapqi (SMF 2745j4/1) from the E:rrly rre vcrv closely relared ro G (U) noldríL-a.tn thìs case the srratigraph Pliocene deposits of Heuterivcs and Celleneuve (Rh6ne basin, Frunce), lc ranse ol . (yl noraùca sh