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Index 335 Index Aalenian, Jurassic 119, 134, 263 Aptian, Cretaceous 136,262 Sydney basin 105 Acanthocerataceae superfamily 136 -Barremianboundary 131-3 Devonian 74, 76, 116 Acanthoscaphites, late Cretaceous fullers earth, Surrey 123 -Carboniferous boundary 101 boundaries 194 reliability 120 critical radiometric dates 82 Accretion rates, and heat flux 331 Aquitanian, Miocene 217, 218,231 Ediacaran system 34 Acid volcanics letter stage boundaries 205 late Triassic 107 prejudice against dates 84 marine stages 200 Permian-Triassic boundary 106 radiometric ages 85 stage stratotypes 164 Austrotrillina, Letter classification 205 Adelaide geosyncline succession. 49 Ar-Ar, total-fusion method versus Afanas'yev & Zykov. 1975 time-scale 5, 6 age-spectrum method 89-91 Africa See also Argon Baculites, Maastrichtian 121, 136, 194 East, Pliocene and Pleistocene Archaean Badenian (Orleanian) Neogene 226,249 palaeomagnetic measurements 232 episodic orogenic activity 328 Baigendzinian (Artinskian) Permian 115, Neogene fossil mammals, correlations 232 lithosphere 326-33 116 pre-Cambrian stromatolitic no-growth model versus freeboard 328 Bajocian, Jurassic 119,120, 136,263 limestone 23-4 'plate-jams' 327 Barbados, Bath Cliff, Eocene-Oiigocene South, late Triassic 11)8 sediment subduction 328 boundary 168 Agenian, Oligocene-Miocene 217 tectonic patterns 328 Barentian Akchagylian stage. Central Asia, Miocene time boundary 6, 7 Pleistocene 202 faunal complexes 231 volume and composition 327 Villefranchian 223 Albian, Cretaceous 132, 1.76, 263 Arcille (Baccinello V4) tie point, Barremian, Cretaceous 120,262 Aldanella, early Cambrian, Neogene 248 ammonite chrons 123 Newfoundland 61 Arctica islandica, Mediterranean 21)1) -Aptian boundary 132, 136 Algae, expansion in Pa[aeophytic 6 Ardath Shales, La Jolla, USA 161--2 Barstovian, Neogene tie points 217 AllerCd lnterstadial, Europe 201,202 Arenig, Ordovician 74, 75, 77, 94 Burkeville, Texas 226,249 Alps critical radiometric dates 83, 85--7 Orbulina, Texas 229 central, geochronology 312-14 interim time-scale 262 Pojoaque, New Mexico 226,249 isotopic blocking temperatures 317 stratigraphic intervals 82 Sharkbooth Hill, California 226,249 glacial ages 225 Argentina Skull Ridge, New Mexico 226,249 Southern, Paleogene and Cretaceous 1.71 late Triassic 107 Bartonian, Eocene 136,162 America see United States Permian-Triassic boundary 106, 114 Basalts, NW Iceland, postscript on age of Amitsoq gneiss, Greenland 1.7 Argon, in K:Arages 8 older boundary 232 Ammonite zones discussion 187 Bathonian, Jurassic 262 calculation of mean zone duration 197 Arikareean, Oligocene 164 and Bajocian, equivalence 119-20 Cretaceous 121 -Chadronian boundary 174-5 magnetostratigraphy 134-6 extinction 121, 147 Neogene tie point 226,249-5(/ Bavlinella, Proterozoic 55, 65 Jurassic 119-20 Arkell's zones, Jurassic 273 Bediasites, North American Ammonoid evolution 274-82 Armorican Massif, Brioverian 50.55-6, tektites 169-70 ew)lutionary pattern 275 84 Beglia, Vallesian, Neogene tiepoint 249 appearances 277, 281 Artinskian, ('Baigendzinian'), Belemnella, Maastrichtian 194 extinctions 136,278,280 Permian 115- 16,100, 262 Belemnites, disappearance 147 generic/family level 277 Asataracian, Neogene tie points 215 Belgium, Paleocene-Eocene 160 species level 276 Azov, Ukraine 249 Beni-Chougrane massif, early Turolian 248 successional stages 279 Kleinhadersdorf, Austria 226, 249 Benthic zones, California, calibration 229 time-scale 273-4 Neudorf Sandberg CSSR 226,249 Bergell intrusion, Central Alps 313 young stages 274 Ashgill, Ordovician 74, 75, 82-7, 95 glaciation 314 Arnphimo/7)hina zone, Ulatisian stage 161 interim time-scale 262 Berriasian Cretaceous, reliability 120, 123 Anchitherium, Vallesian, Black Sea 249 Asian mammalian biochronology 230 134, 136,262 Anisian. Triassic I00, 262 Asselian, Permian 115,262 Bessarabian, (Vallesian), Neogene Ladinian 115 Asteroid impact, Cretaceous tiepoint 226,249 Anomaly sequences, single track. extinction 148, 171 Biharian, Pleistocene, Europe 217 S. Athmtic 269-72 Asthenosphere, and lithosphere 331 vertebrate fauna 201,202 Antarctica Astronomical calculations, Neogene Biochronology, compared with geomagnetic ice accumulation. Miocene 206-8 time-scales 206,208 reversal time-scales 145-7 separation from Australia, Eocene 137. Atdabanian, Cambrian Biogenic markers, interpretative 145 Hyolithes and Coleoloides 61 problems 22 Anti-Atlas syenite, Morocco 55 Massif Amoricain, Sinai and China 60, Biostratigraphical groups, resolution and Jbel Boho Volcano 66-7 66- 71,262 precision 275 Precambrian-Cambrian boundary 56-7 Atlantic Oligocene-Miocene boundary, calcareous Anza-Borrego. Blancan, tie point, Neogene carbon isotope record 208 nannoplankton 234-6 226,248 circum-Atlantic dykes 109 foraminifera 233-4 Apectodinium zone, Paleocene 151-2, 176 magnetic anomalies, deep 136 Biotite A. hyperacanthum zone 154, 155, North extension, Cretaceous 137 age spectrum analysis, use in time-scale 158-9,160 North and South, spreading rate 270 construction 91 Blosseville group 158 ocean floor spreading rates 269-72 reliability of dating 83-4 Paleocene-Eocene boundary 155-6, 159 South, magnetostratigraphy 128-9 Biozonal correlation, radiometric data 41 Sparnacianproblem 151-2, 176 Australia Black Sea (Eastern Paratethys) 231 Apodemus, earliest, Crevi[lente 6, Carboniferous-Permian 104-5 Blairinoides, Arcille, late Ruscinian 248 Turolean 226,248 New South Wales 104 Blancan, early, Pliocene 217, 226 Apparent polar wander (APW) track 320 Queensland 104, 105 tiepoint Neogene 226, 248 336 Index Blocking (closure) temperature, Europe 55, 57-6{I. 65-6 radiometric dating of sediments 69 palaeomagnetic relationship Middle East 60-1,68 Sinian system 49, 52-5 definition 315 North America 61-2 Chron nomenclature Cenozoic 125. 126 estimations 317-18 USSR 51-2 biostratigraphic correlation 127-30 Grenville, Canada 320 sedimentology 286 definition 127, 143 theoretical background 316 time-scales 4-5, 47 detailed structure 130-1 Bohemia. Ordovician 83 Campanian, Cretaceous 121, 123,136,263 Chronotectonic terms 35 Bolide impact, Eocene-Cretaceous 148, anomaly 34, 271 Claibornian, Eocene 171 171 ocean floor spreading rate 271 Clarendonian, late Bolivinoides, Santonian-Campanian 194-5 San Francisco Bay 226,249 Campanian-Maastrichtian 124 Canada S. San Joaquin, California 226,248 Boltwood, B.B., Palaeozoic Era dating 3 Geological Survey, Chronostratigraphic Clarkforkian, Paleocene- Eocene Boom Clay, Rupelian 172 scale 35 North American mammals 153-4, 162 Botanical changes, Eocene 165 Ordovician, Bay of Islands 74, 75 -Wasatchian boundary 160, 162 Bou Hanifia, Tugenian, Neogene Precambrian 17, 24, 35, 61 Clay see 'Red clay' tiepoint 226,248-9 Caradoc-Llandeilo 44-5, 74-8.95 Cleoniceras, late Cretaceous 134 'Boulder Conglomerate" strata 309, 310 graptolite correlation 76 Closure temperature see Blocking Brachiopods. Kazanian 105 stratigraphic intervals, interpolation 82 temperature Bracklesham Beds, SE England 160. 187 summarized age estimate 262 Coccolithus-Helicopatosphaena zone 168 Eocene sea-level 159 Carbon budget, BC changes, Miocene 208 Coleoloides. lower Cambrian 61 Bridgerian. Eocene 162, 163 Carbonate(s) Colorado basin, South Atlantic, Brioverian, Proterozoic microfossils 55, 65 compensation depth (CCD), Eocene, sedimentology 284 see also Massif Armoricain Oligocene 165 Coniacian, Cretaceous 132,136,263 British Columbia, late Triassic 107-8 shallow water see Letter classitication Inoceramus zone 197 British Isles see England: Scotland: Wales Carboniferous Turonian- Coniacian- Santonian 120, Brunhes Normal epoch 202,213 Carboniferous-Permian boundary 104, 123, 197 glacials in Europe 225 114 Conohyus, Austria. Astaracian 249 Pabbi Hills 308 Devonian-Carboniferous boundary Continental Drift. Precambrian 8 see also Matuyama-Brunhes boundary 101, 114 Continental movement, increase during Buckman's ages, ammonoids 273 Dinantian, Scotland 1[)2 Phanerozoic 331 Bulawayan succession 23 Silesian 1{13 Cooling rates, palaeomagnetic evidence Brudigalian, Miocene 200, 206,209 sedimentology 286 315-24, 33(/- 1 Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland 61 time-scale, criteria 99, 100 Corbicula Thanet beds 151 Carbon isotope record. Neogene 208 Coscinodiscus, London clay 156 Cardiopteris- Glossopteris fauna i(14 Cretaceous Caer-Caradoc granophyre, Atdabanian 262 Carnian, Triassic 100, 115,262 Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary 118-20 Calabria, S. Italy, Pliocene- Pleistocene Cassigerinella-Hasterigina zone 168 magnetostratigraphies 131-5 definition 217, 225 Catastrophic extinction, Cretaceous 121, revised dates 135-7 Calc-alkaline crust, addition to continental 147-9 sedimentology 285,286 crust 10 Caucasian, Asia, Miocene 226 -Tertiary boundary 127, 147-9, 175 Calcareous nannoplankton, datum levels Cenomanian. Cretaceous 194, 263 time-scales 120-4 234-6,243-7 Albian 122-3 mass extinctions 148-50 extinctions 121, 147-9 magnetic stratigraphy 132, 136 'quiet zone' 141,271 Eocene 193 Cenozoic 263-4 Creviilente 1-3, 6. Alicante, late Miocene 22{)-3 base redefined 176 Turolian, tie point Neogene 226, Neogene 243-7 biostratigraphy 127-30 248 Oligocene 164, 195, 218-20, 134-6 chron structure 130-1 Cromerian, Pleistocene, Norfolk and Paleocene 192 Eastern S. Atlantic, nannoplankton zones Netherlands 201,202 Paleogene time-scales 264 124-5 Crustal-accretion-differentiation super Pleistocene 225 nannoplankton zonations 124 events (CADS) 10-15 Pliocene 224 Cephalopodenkalk series 276 age bracketing 23-4 Pliocene- Pleistocene 224-5 Chadronian, Eocene 162,164, 174 direct dating 2{)-2
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  • Issn: 2250-0588 Fossil Mammals

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    IJREISS Volume 2, Issue 8 (August 2012) ISSN: 2250-0588 FOSSIL MAMMALS (RHINOCEROTIDS, GIRAFFIDS, BOVIDS) FROM THE MIOCENE ROCKS OF DHOK BUN AMEER KHATOON, DISTRICT CHAKWAL, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN 1Khizar Samiullah* 1Muhammad Akhtar, 2Muhammad A. Khan and 3Abdul Ghaffar 1Zoology department, Quaid-e-Azam campus, Punjab University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2Zoology Department, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 3Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad ABSTRACT Fossil site Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon (32o 47' 26.4" N, 72° 55' 35.7" E) yielded a significant amount of mammalian assemblage including two families of even-toed fossil mammal (Giraffidae, and Bovidae) and one family of odd-toed (Rhinocerotidae) of the Late Miocene (Samiullah, 2011). This newly discovered site has well exposed Chinji and Nagri formation and has dated approximately 14.2-9.5 Ma. This age agrees with the divergence of different mammalian genera. Sedimentological evidence of the site supports that this is deposited in locustrine or fluvial environment, as Chinji formation is composed primarily of mud-stone while the Nagri formation is sand dominated. Palaeoenvironmental data indicates that Miocene climate of Pakistan was probably be monsoonal as there is now a days. Mostly the genera recovered from this site resemble with the overlying younger Dhok Pathan formation of the Siwaliks while the size variation in dentition is taxonomically important for vertebrate evolutionary point of view and this is the main reason to conduct this study at this specific site to add additional information in the field of Palaeontology. A detailed study of fossils mammals found in Miocene rocks exposed at Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon was carried out.
  • The Planktonic Foraminifera of the Jurassic. Part III: Annotated Historical Review and References

    The Planktonic Foraminifera of the Jurassic. Part III: Annotated Historical Review and References

    Swiss J Palaeontol (2017) 136:273–285 DOI 10.1007/s13358-017-0130-0 The planktonic foraminifera of the Jurassic. Part III: annotated historical review and references Felix M. Gradstein1,2 Received: 21 February 2017 / Accepted: 3 April 2017 / Published online: 7 July 2017 Ó Akademie der Naturwissenschaften Schweiz (SCNAT) 2017 Abstract Over 70 publications on Jurassic planktonic With few exceptions, Jurassic planktonic foraminifera foraminifera, particularly by East and West European and publications based on thin-sections are not covered in this Canadian micropalaeontologists, are summarized and review. Emphasis is only on thin-section studies that had briefly annotated. It provides an annotated historic over- impact on our understanding of Jurassic planktonic for- view for this poorly understood group of microfossils, aminifera. By the same token, microfossil casts do not going back to 1881 when Haeusler described Globigerina allow study of the taxonomically important wall structure helvetojurassica from the Birmenstorfer Schichten of and sculpture; reference to such studies is limited to few of Oxfordian age in Canton Aargau, Switzerland. historic interest. The first four, presumably planktonic foraminiferal spe- Keywords Jurassic Á Planktonic foraminifera Á Annotated cies from Jurassic strata, were described in the second half of historical review 1881–2015 the nineteenth century: Globigerina liasina from the Middle Lias of France (Terquem and Berthelin 1875), G. helveto- jurassica from the Early Oxfordian of Switzerland (Haeusler Annotated historical overview 1881, 1890) and G. oolithica and G. lobata from the Bajocian of France (Terquem 1883). Some descriptions were from Jurassic planktonic foraminifera have been studied since the internal moulds. It was not until 1958 (see below) that more second half of the nineteen’s century, but it was not until after attention was focused on the occurrences of early planktonic the Second World War that micropalaeontological studies foraminifera, with emphasis on free specimens.