Light Modulates Important Physiological Features of Ralstonia
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Signaling by Sensory Receptors
Signaling by Sensory Receptors David Julius1 and Jeremy Nathans2 1Department of Physiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158 2Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Correspondence: [email protected] and [email protected] SUMMARY Sensory systems detect small molecules, mechanical perturbations, or radiation via the activa- tion of receptor proteins and downstream signaling cascades in specialized sensory cells. In vertebrates, the two principal categories of sensory receptors are ion channels, which mediate mechanosensation, thermosensation, and acid and salt taste; and G-protein-coupled recep- tors (GPCRs), which mediate vision, olfaction, and sweet, bitter, and umami tastes. GPCR- based signaling in rods and cones illustrates the fundamental principles of rapid activation and inactivation, signal amplification, and gain control. Channel-based sensory systems illus- trate the integration of diverse modulatory signals at the receptor, as seen in the thermosen- sory/pain system, and the rapid response kinetics that are possible with direct mechanical gating of a channel. Comparisons of sensory receptor gene sequences reveal numerous exam- ples in which gene duplication and sequence divergence have created novel sensory specific- ities. This is the evolutionary basis for the observed diversity in temperature- and ligand- dependent gating among thermosensory channels, spectral tuning among visual pigments, and odorant binding among olfactory receptors. The coding of complex external stimuli by a limited number of sensory receptor types has led to the evolution of modality-specific and species-specific patterns of retention or loss of sensory information, a filtering operation that selectively emphasizes features in the stimulus that enhance survival in a particular ecological niche. -
Functional Analysis of Mammalian Cryptochromes a Matter of Time
Functional Analysis of Mammalian Cryptochromes A Matter of Time The studies presented in this thesis were performed in the Department of Genetics, Chronobiology and Health Researcher Group at the Erasmus University Medical Centre in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The Department is a member of the Medisch Genetisch Centrum Zuid-West Nederland (MGC). The research has been supported financially by NWO. Cover: Inspired by “Hommage à Apollinaire” Marc Chagall, 1911-1912, Collection Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Layout: Dan G.M. Vennix Printer: Wöhrman Print Service, Zutphen Functional Analysis of Mammalian Cryptochromes A Matter of Time Functionele analyse van zoogdier cryptochromen Een kwestie van tijd proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de rector magnificus Prof.dr. H.G. Schmidt en volgens besluit van het College voor Pro moties De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op woensdag 4 november 2009 om 9:30 uur door ͂ Monika Iwona Bajek geboren te Stalowa Wola, Polen Promotiecommissie Promotors Prof.dr. G.T.J. van der Horst Prof.dr. J.H.J. Hoeijmakers Overige leden Prof.dr. F.G. Grosveld Prof.dr. J.H. Meijer Prof.dr. B.A. Oostra ....... dla Frania i naszego Aniołka Marysi 7 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 11 I The circadian clock 13 Historical background 13 Circadian oscillator mechanisms 15 Master clock – suprachiasmatic nucleus 17 Photoentrainment 19 Peripheral clock 20 II The photolyase/cryptochrome flavoprotein family 21 Photolyase 22 Structural analysis of -
The UV-B Photoreceptor UVR8: from Structure to Physiology
The Plant Cell, Vol. 26: 21–37, January 2014, www.plantcell.org ã 2014 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. REVIEW The UV-B Photoreceptor UVR8: From Structure to Physiology Gareth I. Jenkins1 Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom Low doses of UV-B light (280 to 315 nm) elicit photomorphogenic responses in plants that modify biochemical composition, photosynthetic competence, morphogenesis, and defense. UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) mediates photomorphogenic responses to UV-B by regulating transcription of a set of target genes. UVR8 differs from other known photoreceptors in that it uses specific Trp amino acids instead of a prosthetic chromophore for light absorption during UV-B photoreception. Absorption of UV-B dissociates the UVR8 dimer into monomers, initiating signal transduction through interaction with CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1. However, much remains to be learned about the physiological role of UVR8 and its interaction with other signaling pathways, the molecular mechanism of UVR8 photoreception, how the UVR8 protein initiates signaling, how it is regulated, and how UVR8 regulates transcription of its target genes. INTRODUCTION below (Caldwell et al., 1983; Jordan 1996; Rozema et al., 1997; Frohnmeyer and Staiger, 2003; Jenkins, 2009). Damage caused Light is of paramount importance in promoting the growth and by UV-B exposure is ameliorated in several ways, in particular by development of plants. In addition to its role as the energy source antioxidant systems and enzymes that repair DNA damage. An for photosynthesis, light regulates numerous aspects of plant important feature of these protective responses is that they are form and function throughout the life cycle, from seedling es- stimulated when plants are exposed to UV-B. -
Defining the Rhizobium Leguminosarum Species Complex
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 12 December 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0297.v1 Article Defining the Rhizobium leguminosarum species complex J. Peter W. Young 1,*, Sara Moeskjær 2, Alexey Afonin 3, Praveen Rahi 4, Marta Maluk 5, Euan K. James 5, Maria Izabel A. Cavassim 6, M. Harun-or Rashid 7, Aregu Amsalu Aserse 8, Benjamin J. Perry 9, En Tao Wang 10, Encarna Velázquez 11, Evgeny E. Andronov 12, Anastasia Tampakaki 13, José David Flores Félix 14, Raúl Rivas González 11, Sameh H. Youseif 15, Marc Lepetit 16, Stéphane Boivin 16, Beatriz Jorrin 17, Gregory J. Kenicer 18, Álvaro Peix 19, Michael F. Hynes 20, Martha Helena Ramírez-Bahena 21, Arvind Gulati 22 and Chang-Fu Tian 23 1 Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; [email protected] 3 Laboratory for genetics of plant-microbe interactions, ARRIAM, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 4 National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India; [email protected] 5 Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (E.K.J.) 6 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; [email protected] 7 Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh; [email protected] 8 Ecosystems and Environment Research programme , Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland; [email protected] 9 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; [email protected] 10 Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cd. -
Redistribution and Reduction of Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein During Ocular Coronavirus Infection
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 1992 Copyright © Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Redistribution and Reduction of Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein During Ocular Coronavirus Infection Suson G. Robbins,* Barbara Wiggert.f Geetha Kutty,f Gerald J. Chader.f Barbara Derrick,* and John J. Hooks'1 Inoculation of the neurotropic coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM intravitreally or into the anterior chamber causes acute infection of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina. Weeks later, many retinas have foci of moderate to severe atrophy. The effect of coronavirus infection (after intravitreal inoculation) was examined on interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), the glycolipoprotein in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) thought to transport retinoids between the photoreceptors and the RPE. Changes in IRBP distribution accompanied virus-associated retinal pa- thology, including photoreceptor loss and RPE abnormalities. Immunohistochemistry on days 3 and 6 showed that IRBP had diffused into the neural retina away from the IPM. The IRBP became localized abnormally in the same areas as virus-induced lesions, shown by staining adjacent sections with a monoclonal antibody specific for the viral nucleocapsid protein. Moreover, the level of IRBP in isolated retinas, measured in an immunoslot-blot assay, decreased significantly by day 3 and remained low through day 23. This decrease was confirmed in eyecups isolated on day 6. It may be caused in part by loss of photoreceptors and diffusion of IRBP through the retina into the vitreous. These studies show that a virus may induce an acute, limited infection in the retina that can be cleared by the host. -
Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses Mitchell Andrews * and Morag E. Andrews Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-3-423-0692 Academic Editors: Peter M. Gresshoff and Brett Ferguson Received: 12 February 2017; Accepted: 21 March 2017; Published: 26 March 2017 Abstract: Most species in the Leguminosae (legume family) can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) via symbiotic bacteria (rhizobia) in root nodules. Here, the literature on legume-rhizobia symbioses in field soils was reviewed and genotypically characterised rhizobia related to the taxonomy of the legumes from which they were isolated. The Leguminosae was divided into three sub-families, the Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae. Bradyrhizobium spp. were the exclusive rhizobial symbionts of species in the Caesalpinioideae, but data are limited. Generally, a range of rhizobia genera nodulated legume species across the two Mimosoideae tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae, but Mimosa spp. show specificity towards Burkholderia in central and southern Brazil, Rhizobium/Ensifer in central Mexico and Cupriavidus in southern Uruguay. These specific symbioses are likely to be at least in part related to the relative occurrence of the potential symbionts in soils of the different regions. Generally, Papilionoideae species were promiscuous in relation to rhizobial symbionts, but specificity for rhizobial genus appears to hold at the tribe level for the Fabeae (Rhizobium), the genus level for Cytisus (Bradyrhizobium), Lupinus (Bradyrhizobium) and the New Zealand native Sophora spp. (Mesorhizobium) and species level for Cicer arietinum (Mesorhizobium), Listia bainesii (Methylobacterium) and Listia angolensis (Microvirga). -
Analysis of the Interaction Between Pisum Sativum L. and Rhizobium Laguerreae Strains Nodulating This Legume in Northwest Spain
plants Article Analysis of the Interaction between Pisum sativum L. and Rhizobium laguerreae Strains Nodulating This Legume in Northwest Spain 1, 1 1, 2 José David Flores-Félix y , Lorena Carro , Eugenia Cerda-Castillo z, Andrea Squartini , Raúl Rivas 1,3,4 and Encarna Velázquez 1,3,4,* 1 Departamento de Microbiologíay Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; jdfl[email protected] (J.D.F.-F.); [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (E.C.-C.); [email protected] (R.R.) 2 Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; [email protected] 3 Instituto Hispanoluso de Investigaciones Agrarias, 37007 Salamanca, Spain 4 Unidad Asociada USAL-IRNASA, 37007 Salamanca, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +349-2329-4532 Present address: CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, y 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal. Present address: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional z Autónoma de Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua. Received: 3 November 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 11 December 2020 Abstract: Pisum sativum L. (pea) is one of the most cultivated grain legumes in European countries due to the high protein content of its seeds. Nevertheless, the rhizobial microsymbionts of this legume have been scarcely studied in these countries. In this work, we analyzed the rhizobial strains nodulating the pea in a region from Northwestern Spain, where this legume is widely cultivated. The isolated strains were genetically diverse, and the phylogenetic analysis of core and symbiotic genes showed that these strains belong to different clusters related to R. -
The Hiscl1 Histamine Receptor Acts in Photoreceptors to Synchronize Drosophila Behavioral Rhythms with Light-Dark Cycles
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08116-7 OPEN The HisCl1 histamine receptor acts in photoreceptors to synchronize Drosophila behavioral rhythms with light-dark cycles Faredin Alejevski1, Alexandra Saint-Charles1,2, Christine Michard-Vanhée1, Béatrice Martin1, Sonya Galant1, Daniel Vasiliauskas1 & François Rouyer 1 1234567890():,; In Drosophila, the clock that controls rest-activity rhythms synchronizes with light-dark cycles through either the blue-light sensitive cryptochrome (Cry) located in most clock neurons, or rhodopsin-expressing histaminergic photoreceptors. Here we show that, in the absence of Cry, each of the two histamine receptors Ort and HisCl1 contribute to entrain the clock whereas no entrainment occurs in the absence of the two receptors. In contrast to Ort, HisCl1 does not restore entrainment when expressed in the optic lobe interneurons. Indeed, HisCl1 is expressed in wild-type photoreceptors and entrainment is strongly impaired in flies with photoreceptors mutant for HisCl1. Rescuing HisCl1 expression in the Rh6-expressing pho- toreceptors restores entrainment but it does not in other photoreceptors, which send his- taminergic inputs to Rh6-expressing photoreceptors. Our results thus show that Rh6- expressing neurons contribute to circadian entrainment as both photoreceptors and inter- neurons, recalling the dual function of melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in the mam- malian retina. 1 Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 2Present address: Institut de la Vision, Univ. P. & M. Curie, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France. These authors contributed equally: Faredin Alejevski, Alexandra Saint-Charles. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to F.R. -
BEATRIZ JORRIN RUBIO.Pdf
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos Genomics of Specificity in the Symbiotic Interaction between Rhizobium leguminosarum and Legumes Ph.D Thesis Beatriz Jorrín Rubio Licenciada en Biología 2016 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos Departamento de Biotecnología Ph.D Thesis: Genomics of Specificity in the Symbiotic Interaction between Rhizobium leguminosarum and Legumes Author: Beatriz Jorrín Rubio Licenciada en Biología Director: Juan Imperial Ródenas Licenciado en Biología Doctor en Biología Madrid, 2016 A mis padres A Sofía A mis hermanos “There’s the story, then there’s the real story, then there’s the story of how the story came to be told. Then there’s what you leave out of the story. Which is part of the story too.” Maddaddam Margaret Atwood RECONOCIMIENTOS Esta Tesis se ha desarrollado en el laboratorio de Genómica y Biotecnología de Bacterias Diazotróficas Asociadas con Plantas del Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA). Para el desarrollo de esta Tesis he contado con una beca UPM homologada financiada por el proyecto MICROGEN: Genómica Comparada Microbiana (Programa Consolider), que ha sido también el proyecto financiador del trabajo experimental. Quisiera reconocer la labor de aquellas personas que han contribuido al desarrollo y consecución de esta Tesis. Dr. Juan Imperial, por la dirección y supervisión de esta Tesis. Por ser un gran mentor y por enseñarme todo lo que sé. Dr. Manuel González Guerrero, por enseñarme los entresijos de la Ciencia y del trabajo en el laboratorio. Dra. Gisèle Laguerre, por su participación en el inicio de este proyecto y por facilitarnos el suelo P1 de Dijon. -
Structure of a LOV Protein in Apo-State and Implications for Construction of LOV-Based Optical Tools
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Structure of a LOV protein in apo-state and implications for construction of LOV-based optical Received: 19 October 2016 Accepted: 17 January 2017 tools Published: 17 February 2017 Vladimir Arinkin1,*, Joachim Granzin1,*, Katrin Röllen1,†, Ulrich Krauss2, Karl-Erich Jaeger2,3, Dieter Willbold1,4 & Renu Batra-Safferling1 Unique features of Light-Oxygen-Voltage (LOV) proteins like relatively small size (~12–19 kDa), inherent modularity, highly-tunable photocycle and oxygen-independent fluorescence have lately been exploited for the generation of optical tools. Structures of LOV domains reported so far contain a flavin chromophore per protein molecule. Here we report two new findings on the short LOV protein W619_1- LOV from Pseudomonas putida. First, the apo-state crystal structure of W619_1-LOV at 2.5 Å resolution reveals conformational rearrangements in the secondary structure elements lining the chromophore pocket including elongation of the Fα helix, shortening of the Eα-Fα loop and partial unfolding of the Eα helix. Second, the apo W619_1-LOV protein binds both natural and structurally modified flavin chromophores. Remarkably different photophysical and photochemical properties of W619_1-LOV bound to 7-methyl-8-chloro-riboflavin (8-Cl-RF) and lumichrome imply application of these variants as novel optical tools as they offer advantages such as no adduct state formation, and a broader choice of wavelengths for in vitro studies. Light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) flavoproteins belong to the Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domain superfamily sharing the canonical PAS protein fold1,2. Widely distributed in multiple kingdoms of life3–5, LOV proteins control a num- ber of cellular responses like phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, regulation of circadian rhythms, photo-induced growth patterns and pigment synthesis6–8. -
Two Rhodopsins Mediate Phototaxis to Low- and High-Intensity Light in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii
Two rhodopsins mediate phototaxis to low- and high-intensity light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Oleg A. Sineshchekov*†‡, Kwang-Hwan Jung*‡, and John L. Spudich*§¶ *Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and §Center for Membrane Biology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030; and †Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia Communicated by Winslow R. Briggs, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA, April 23, 2002 (received for review March 22, 2002) We demonstrate that two rhodopsins, identified from cDNA se- Photoreceptor current generation is the earliest detected conse- quences, function as low- and high-light-intensity phototaxis recep- quence of light absorption by the phototaxis-receptor molecules, tors in the eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Each of the occurring Ͻ3 s after a laser flash (9, 13). The localization of the receptors consists of an Ϸ300-residue seven-transmembrane helix current to the eyespot region of the cell corresponds to the expected domain with a retinal-binding pocket homologous to that of archaeal location of the pigments (10, 11), and its action spectrum measured rhodopsins, followed by Ϸ400 residues of additional membrane- in vivo matches that of phototaxis (8) and of the photophobic associated portion. The function of the two rhodopsins, Chlamydo- response (14). The sensitivity of the current to inhibitors (8, 10, 11) monas sensory rhodopsins A and B (CSRA and CSRB), as phototaxis and its chromophore requirements studied in retinal-deficient receptors is demonstrated by in vivo analysis of photoreceptor elec- mutants (15) confirm its role in photomovement. Thus, the pho- trical currents and motility responses in transformants with RNA toreceptor current provides a direct probe for activity of the interference (RNAi) directed against each of the rhodopsin genes. -
2010.-Hungria-MLI.Pdf
Mohammad Saghir Khan l Almas Zaidi Javed Musarrat Editors Microbes for Legume Improvement SpringerWienNewYork Editors Dr. Mohammad Saghir Khan Dr. Almas Zaidi Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Muslim University Fac. Agricultural Sciences Fac. Agricultural Sciences Dept. Agricultural Microbiology Dept. Agricultural Microbiology 202002 Aligarh 202002 Aligarh India India [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Dr. Javed Musarrat Aligarh Muslim University Fac. Agricultural Sciences Dept. Agricultural Microbiology 202002 Aligarh India [email protected] This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. # 2010 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Germany SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.at Typesetting: SPI, Pondicherry, India Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 12711161 With 23 (partly coloured) Figures Library of Congress Control Number: 2010931546 ISBN 978-3-211-99752-9 e-ISBN 978-3-211-99753-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-211-99753-6 SpringerWienNewYork Preface The farmer folks around the world are facing acute problems in providing plants with required nutrients due to inadequate supply of raw materials, poor storage quality, indiscriminate uses and unaffordable hike in the costs of synthetic chemical fertilizers.