Wheatpieces Phase 2 Tewkesbury Gloucestershire
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WHEATPIECES PHASE 2 TEWKESBURY GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL WATCHING BRIEF For J. S. BLOOR (TEWKESBURY) LTD CA PROJECT: 2373 CA REPORT: 07142 NOVEMBER 2007 WHEATPIECES PHASE 2 TEWKESBURY GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL WATCHING BRIEF CA PROJECT: 2373 CA REPORT: 07142 prepared by Jonathan Hart, Project Officer date 6 November 2007 checked by Laurent Coleman, Project Manager date 7 November 2007 approved by Mark Collard, Head of Contracts signed date 7 November 2007 issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ Tel. 01285 771022 Fax. 01285 771033 E-mail: [email protected] Wheatpieces Phase 2, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology CONTENTS SUMMARY........................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 5 The site ................................................................................................................ 5 Archaeological background.................................................................................. 6 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 7 2. RESULTS (FIG. 2) ............................................................................................... 7 3. DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 8 4. CA PROJECT TEAM ........................................................................................... 8 5. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 8 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ..................................................................... 10 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ............................................................................................... 10 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM............................................................................ 11 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:50,000) Fig. 2 The site, showing location of groundworks (1:1000) 3 Wheatpieces Phase 2, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology SUMMARY Project Name: Wheatpieces Phase 2 Location: Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire NGR: SO 9066 3113 Type: Watching Brief Date: 20-1 and 28-9 August and 17 September 2007 Planning Reference: 93/8613/1502/OUT Location of Archive: To be deposited with Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum Accession Number: CAGM 2007/65 Site Code: WWC 07 An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks associated with the construction of two sports pitches at Wheatpieces Phase 2, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire. The methodology of the construction of the sports pitches was designed to protect known archaeological features within the site. The watching brief was undertaken to monitor the groundworks for any archaeological deposits or features surviving at a higher level than anticipated and to ensure that the agreed methodology was adhered to. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during groundworks. 4 Wheatpieces Phase 2, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In August and September 2007 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological watching brief for J. S. Bloor (Tewkesbury) Ltd at Wheatpieces Phase 2, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: SO 9066 3113; Fig. 1). The watching brief was undertaken to fulfil a condition attached to planning consent for the development of a multi-use games area and playing field (Planning ref: 93/8613/1502/OUT). The methodology of the construction of the sports pitches was designed to protect known archaeological features within the site. The watching brief was undertaken to monitor the groundworks for any archaeological deposits or features surviving at a higher level than anticipated and to ensure that the agreed methodology was adhered to. 1.2 The watching brief was undertaken in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation produced by CA (2007) and approved by Mr Charles Parry, Senior Archaeological Officer, Gloucestershire County Council (GCC), the archaeological advisors to the Local Planning Authority (LPA). The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for an Archaeological Watching Brief issued by the Institute of Field Archaeologists (2001), the Statement of Standards and Practices Appropriate for Archaeological Fieldwork in Gloucestershire (GCC 1996) and the Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991). The site 1.3 The site measures approximately 3ha in area and comprises agricultural land located to the east of Rudgeway Lane. It is bounded to the north by the Rudgeway Fields residential development, to the east and south by agricultural land and to the west by Rudgeway Lane (Fig. 2). The site lies at approximately 18m AOD, with the land sloping gently downward to the east. 1.4 The underlying solid geology of the area is mapped as Lower Lias Clay of the Jurassic era (BGS 1988). The natural substrate was not exposed during the watching brief. 5 Wheatpieces Phase 2, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology Archaeological background 1.5 Archaeological interest in the site arises from a previous programme of archaeological work undertaken both within the proposed development area and the area immediately to the north in advance of the construction of the Rudgeway Fields residential development. The results of these works are summarised below. 1.6 Archaeological remains were initially identified during a fieldwalking survey (CAT 1993a); two evaluations (CAT 1993b and CA 2002) and a geophysical survey (Stratascan 2001). The fieldwalking survey recovered little artefactual material that pre-dated the post-medieval period, although a small number of pot-boilers of possible prehistoric date were distributed evenly across the site (CAT 1993a). The 1993 evaluation identified a substantial Middle Bronze Age ditch to the north of the site, interpreted as a territorial boundary (CA 1993b). 1.7 The geophysical survey was undertaken by Stratascan on behalf of CA (Stratascan 2001) and comprised a magnetometer survey of the proposed playing fields and southern part of the residential area to the north. The survey identified the presence of features consistent with prehistoric and Romano-British rural settlement. These results were confirmed during the 2002 evaluation (CA 2002). 1.8 A Data Review document (CA 2004) detailed the results of these works as well as providing the results of a further detailed magnetometer survey undertaken by Stratascan on behalf of CA (Stratascan 2004) on the remaining part of the proposed residential development to the north of the current site. 1.9 The most recent phase of archaeological work comprised excavation within the area of the proposed residential development to the north of the current site (now largely constructed as Rudgeway Fields). These excavations identified settlement, ritual and funerary activity dating to the Middle Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age, Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon periods (CA 2006). 1.10 Within the area of the proposed sports pitches the results of the geophysical survey and evaluation, and of the excavation to the north, suggested that the features identified in this area may represent two phases of Iron Age activity, with a funerary or ritual site possibly being superseded by settlement. There may also be a continuation of Romano-British activity into this area (ibid.). 6 Wheatpieces Phase 2, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief © Cotswold Archaeology Methodology 1.11 The fieldwork followed the methodology set out within the WSI (CA 2007). The methodology was designed to preserve the known archaeological remains in situ. The monitored groundworks involved the creation of two sports pitches, Sports Pitch 1 and Sports Pitch 2 (Fig. 2). Previous archaeological works had established that archaeological remains existed below the south-eastern part of Sports Pitch 1 at a depth of 170mm below the present ground level (bpgl) (Trenches 7 and 8). In order to preserve these deposits in situ the overlying topsoil was not stripped. Across the remainder of the site, where no archaeological remains were identified during the evaluation, or where the archaeological features were overlain by a greater depth of overburden (Trench 9), the topsoil was stripped to a maximum depth of 150mm bpgl. 1.12 Topsoil stripping was undertaken using tracked 360° machines equipped with toothless grading buckets. Stockpiled topsoil was moved using tracked 360° machines, tracked bulldozers and dumptrucks equipped with flotation tyres. No stripping or spoil movement was undertaken during inclement weather in order to prevent the development of wheel ruts. 1.13 The archaeological recording was undertaken in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).