BERNARD H. OXMAN

Office: Home: School of Law TEL: 305 284 2293 10 Edgewater Drive (9H) University of Miami FAX: 305 284 6619 Coral Gables, FL 33133 Coral Gables, FL 33124-8087 TEL: 305 443 9550

Education: J.D. 1965 A.B. Columbia College 1962 Bar Admissions: District of Columbia,

Employment: University of Miami School of Law, 1977-present Richard A. Hausler Professor of Law, 2008 to present Professor of Law, 1980-present Director, Maritime Law Program, 1997-present University Faculty Senator, 1996-2008; 2009-2017 Associate Dean, 1987-90 Associate Professor, 1977-80 Subjects taught regularly: conflict of laws, , law of the sea, torts AJIL: American Journal of International Law Co-Editor in Chief, 2003-2013 International Decisions Editor, 1998-2003 Board of Editors 1986-present Adjudication, Judge ad hoc, International Court of Justice: Arbitration, Black Sea Maritime Delimitation case (Romania v. Ukraine), Review Panel: 2006-2009 Judge ad hoc, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Land Reclamation case (Malaysia v. Singapore), 2003 Bay of Bengal Maritime Delimitation case (Bangladesh v. Myanmar), 2010-2012 Indian Ocean Maritime Delimitation case (Mauritius/Maldives), 2019- Member, Arbitral Tribunal constituted under Annex VII of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: Land Reclamation case (Malaysia v. Singapore) (2003-2005) ARA Libertad case (Argentina v. Ghana) (2013) Chair, Review Panel Established under Article 17 and Annex II of the Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Fishery Resources in the South Pacific Ocean Objection of the Russian Federation to CMM 1.01 (2013) Arbitrator, various international commercial arbitrations Counsel for the Philippines in South China Sea arbitration (Phil. v. China) Counsel for Suriname in Guyana/Suriname maritime boundary arbitration Adviser to U.S. Government in Gulf of Maine Case (Can./U.S.) before ICJ

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Consultant: International legal consultant to various governments and institutions U.S. Dept. of State Advisory Committee on International Law (2013- ) Visiting Appointments: Spring 1994: Professeur Invité, Institut des Hautes Études Internationales, Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II) Spring 1982: Visiting Professor, School of Law (Boalt Hall), University of California at Berkeley Summer 1978: Visiting Associate Professor, Stanford Law School Fall 1976: Professorial Lecturer, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University Prior Employment: 1973 to 1982: Third Conference on the Law of the Sea: Representative and Vice-Chair of U.S. Delegation; Chair, English Language Group of Conference Drafting Committee (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) 1968 to 1977: Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. Department of State: Assistant Legal Adviser for Oceans, Environment and Scientific Affairs; Vice-Chair, National Security Council Task Force on Law of the Sea 1965: Research Assistant, Parker School of Foreign and Comparative Law, Columbia Law School (revision of DAVID & DE VRIES, THE FRENCH LEGAL SYSTEM) Naval Service: 1965 to 1968: Lieutenant, JAGC, USNR (International Law Division, Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy, Pentagon, April 1966-November 1968)

Honors: Distinguished Faculty Scholar Award, University of Miami Provost’s Award for Scholarly Activity, University of Miami Francis Deak Award, American Society of International Law, for articles in the American Journal of International Law Navy Commendation Medal American Bar Association Award, first in class at Naval Justice School Columbia Law School: J.D. awarded cum laude, best brief, Harlan Fiske Stone Moot Court Competition Columbia College: Pulitzer Scholarship Associations: American Bar Association American Law Institute (2000-present) American Society of International Law (Vice President, 2007-2009; Executive Council 1984-88) Council on Foreign Relations (1999-present) Institut de Droit international (2011-present) Law of the Sea Institute (Executive Board 1983-86, 1991-2002, Chairman, 1993-2002) Personal: Born New York City, December 2, 1941 Page 3

Languages: English; proficient in French; some German and Spanish

Books edited: LAW OF THE SEA, U.S. POLICY DILEMMA (1983) (edited with D. Caron and C. Buderi) (authored The Two Conferences, p. 127, and Summary of the Law of the Sea Convention, p. 147)

THE 1982 CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA (1984) (edited with A. Koers) (authored Customary International Law in the Absence of Widespread Ratification of the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, p. 668)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PRESERVATION OF THE OCEANS: THE CHALLENGES OF UNCLOS AND AGENDA 21 (1997) (edited with Mochtar Kusuma-Atmadja and T.A. Mensah) (authored The Role of the International Maritime Organization, p.266)

Articles and Papers: The Preparation of Article One of the Convention on the Continental Shelf, 3 J. MARITIME L. & COMM. 245, 445 (1972) L'accord entre le Brésil and les Etats-Unis concernant la pêche à la crevette, 18 ANNUAIRE FRANÇAIS DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL 785 (1972)

The Preparations for the Law of the Sea Conference, 68 AM. J. INT’L L. 1 (1974) (with John R. Stevenson)

The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea: ___The 1974 Caracas Session, 69 AM. J. INT’L L. 1 (1975) (with John R. Stevenson) ___The 1975 Geneva Session, 69 AM. J. INT’L L. 763 (1975) (with John R. Stevenson) ___The 1976 New York Session, 71 AM. J. INT’L L. 247 (1977) ___The 1977 New York Session, 72 AM. J. INT’L L. 57 (1978) ___The Seventh Session (1978), 73 AM. J. INT’L L. 1 (1979) ___The Eighth Session (1979), 74 AM. J. INT’L L. 1 (1980) ___The Ninth Session (1980), 75 AM. J. INT’L L. 211 (1981) ___The Tenth Session (1981), 76 AM. J. INT’L L. 1 (1982)

Issues to be Resolved at the Second Session of the Third U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea, 14 COLUM. J. TRANS. L. 87 (1975) (with Mary Beth West)

Institutional Arrangements and the Law of the Sea, 10 LAW. AM. 687 (1978)

The Antarctic Regime: An Introduction, 33 U. MIAMI L. REV. 285 (1978) La législation américaine sur les ressources minérales solides des fonds océaniques, 26 ANNUAIRE FRANÇAIS DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL 700 (1980) Page 4

The Law of the Sea Conference and Development: Food and Energy Resources, 18 LAW. AM. 157 (1981)

Sources of International Human Rights Law and Some Applications, 17 U. SAN FRANCISCO L. REV. 17 (transcript) (1982) (with Frank Newman et al)

On Evaluating the Draft Convention on the Law of the Sea, 19 SAN DIEGO L. REV. 453 (1982)

An Analysis of the Exclusive Economic Zone, in LAW OF THE SEA: STATE PRACTICE IN ZONES OF SPECIAL JURISDICTION, p. 57 (T.A. Clingan, Jr., ed.) (1982) Le régime des navires de guerre dans le cadre de la Convention des Nations Unis sur le droit de la mer, 28 ANNUAIRE FRANÇAIS DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL 811 (1982); The Regime of Warships Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 24 VA. J. INT'L L. 809 (1984) The Future of Exploitation of the Resources of the Deep Seabed and Subsoil, 46 LAW AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS 71 (transcript) (1983) (with J. Bailey and M. Dubs)

The New Law of the Sea, 69 J. AM .BAR ASSOC. 156 (1983) Some Reflections on Relying on Customary International Law and Ad Hoc Agreements Among Limited Participants, in THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES ON THE NEW NATURAL RESOURCES, p. 65 (R.-J. Dupuy, ed., Hague Academy of International Law colloquium) (1983)

Where is the U.S. Now and How Did We Get There?, in THE UNITED STATES WITHOUT THE LAW OF THE SEA TREATY: OPPORTUNITIES AND COSTS, p. 23 (L. Juda, ed.) (1983) The Choice Between Direct Discovery and Other Means of Obtaining Evidence Abroad: The Impact of the Hague Evidence Convention, 37 U. MIAMI L. REV. 733 (1983)

The Balance of the Exclusive Economic Zone: Navigation, Pollution, and Compulsory Dispute Settlement, in EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE PAPERS, p. 116 (Oceans '84, M. Champ, ed.) (1984)

Partage des Mers: L'Occident Divisé, 5 GÉOPOLITIQUE 57 (1984)

From Cooperation to Conflict, The Soviet Union and the United States at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1984) (endowed lecture: monograph published by the University of Washington) Customary International Law and the Exclusive Economic Zone, in CONSENSUS AND CONFRONTATION: THE UNITED STATES AND THE LAW OF THE SEA CONVENTION, p. 138 (J. Van Dyke, ed.) (1985) Page 5

La troisième conférence des Nations Unies sur le Droit de la Mer, chapter 4 of TRAITE DU NOUVEAU DROIT DE LA MER (R.-J. Dupuy & D. Vignes, eds.) (1985); The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, chapter 4 of HANDBOOK ON THE NEW LAW OF THE SEA (R.-J. Dupuy and D. Vignes, eds.) (1991)

Antarctica and the New Law of the Sea, 19 CORNELL J. INT'L L. 211 (1986) Compulsory Arbitration: A Substantive Element of the Law of the Sea, 10 CENTER FOR OCEANS LAW AND POLICY, PROCEEDINGS 239 (1986)

Jurisdiction and the Power to Indicate Provisional Measures, in THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE AT A CROSSROADS (L.F. Damrosch, ed.) (1987)

The Antarctic Treaty System and Global Interests in the Antarctic, 11 CENTER FOR OCEANS LAW AND POLICY, PROCEEDINGS 144 (1987)

Marine Archeology and the International Law of the Sea, 12 COLUMBIA-VLA JOURNAL OF LAW AND THE ARTS 363 (1988) Dispute Settlement With and Among Non-Parties to the Law of the Sea Convention, in THE LAW OF THE SEA: WHAT LIES AHEAD? (T.A. Clingan, Jr., ed.) (1988)

The High Seas and the International Seabed Area, 10 MICH. J. INT'L LAW 526 (1989) (Bishop memorial issue) Evaluating the Antarctic Minerals Convention: The Decision-Making System, 21 U. MIAMI INTER-AMERICAN L. REV. 17 (1989)

The 1982 Convention and Customary International Law, 13 CENTER FOR OCEANS LAW AND POLICY, PROCEEDINGS 38 (1989)

Le droit international, in LA POLITIQUE ETRANGERE AMERICAINE DE 1980 A 1988: L'HERITAGE REAGANIEN (1989)

International Law and Naval and Air Operations at Sea, in THE LAW OF NAVAL OPERATIONS (U.S. Naval War College International Law Studies, v. 64) (H.B. Robertson, Jr., ed.) (1991)

Environmental Warfare, 22 OCEAN DEVELOPMENT & INT’L LAW 433 (1992) (Senate Testimony)

The Duty to Respect Generally Accepted International Standards, 24 N.Y.U. J. INT'L L. & POL. 109 (1992)

Political, Strategic, and Historical Considerations, in INTERNATIONAL MARITIME BOUNDARIES, v.1, p.3 (J.I. Charney and L.M. Alexander, eds.) (1993), reprinted as International Maritime Boundaries: Political, Strategic and Historical Considerations, 26 U. MIAMI INTER-AMERICAN L. REV. 243 (1994-95) Page 6

Rapporteur, Panel on the Law of Ocean Uses, United States Interests in the Law of the Sea Convention, 88 AM. J. INT’L L. 167 (1994)

The Future of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 88 AM. J. INT’L L. 488 (1994) (with John R. Stevenson) The 1994 Agreement and the Convention, in Law of the Sea Forum: The 1994 Agreement on Implementation of the Seabed Provisions of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, 88 AM. J. INT’L L. 687 (1994) The Law of the Sea, Newsletter Am. Soc. Int'l L. (1994) The Relevance of the International Order to the Internal Allocation of Powers to Use Force, 50 U. MIAMI L. REV. 129 (1995)

Stability in the Law of the Sea (with Anatoly Kolodkin), in BEYOND CONFRONTATION, INTERNATIONAL LAW FOR THE POST-COLD WAR ERA, p.165 (L.F. Damrosch, G.M. Danilenko & R. Müllerson, eds.) (1995)

Law of the Sea, in UNITED NATIONS LEGAL ORDER, v.2, p.671 (O. Schachter & C.C. Joyner, eds.) (1995) Environmental Protection in Archipelagic Seas and International Straits: The Role of the International Maritime Organisation, 10 INT’L J. MARINE & COASTAL L. 467 (1995), 29 Proceedings of the Law of the Sea Institute (1996)

Caspian Sea or Lake: What Difference Does It Make?, CASPIAN CROSSROADS, Winter 1995/96, p. 1.

Coastal States’ Competences over High Seas Fisheries and the Changing role of International Law -- Comment, 55 ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR AUSLÄNDISCHES ÖFFENTLICHES RECHT UND VÖLKERRECHT 536 (1995) Africa and the Law of the Sea (African Society of International and Comparative Law, August 1995 meeting, Johannesburg)

Observations on Vessel Release under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 11 INT’L J. MARINE & COASTAL L. 201 (1996) The Rule of Law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 7 EUR. J. INT’L L. 353 (1996)

The International Commons, The International Public Interest and New Modes of Law-Making, -- ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR AUSLÄNDISCHES ÖFFENTLICHES RECHT UND VÖLKERRECHT – (1996) (Symposium on New Tends in International Law-Making –International Legislation in the Public Interest, Walther-Schücking-Institut für Internationales Recht, Universität Kiel, Mar. 1996) Page 7

Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, POLITICS, VALUES AND FUNCTIONS, INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE 21ST CENTURY, ESSAYS IN HONOR OF PROFESSOR LOUIS HENKIN, p. 377 (J.I. Charney, D.K. Anton & M.E. O’Connell, eds.) (1997), and in 36 COLUM. J. TRANS. L. 399 (1997) Observations on the Interpretation and Application of Article 43 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea with Particular Reference to the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, 2 SINGAPORE J. INT’L & COMP. L. 408 (1998) The 1994 Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, in ORDER FOR THE OCEANS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY, p. 15 (D. Vidas and W. Østreng, eds.) (1999)

Sub-Regional, Regional and International Cooperation in Responding to and Deterring Transboundary Marine Pollution, 3 SINGAPORE J. INT’L & COMP. L. 410 (1999)

Transit of Straits and Archipelagic Waters by Military Aircraft, 4 SINGAPORE J. INT’L & COMP. L 377 (2000) The General Application of International Law regarding the Passage of Ships through Straits, published by Defence Analyses Institute, Athens (October 1999)

Complementary Agreements and Compulsory Jurisdiction, 95 AM. J. INT’L L. 277 (2001)

Tools for change: The amendment procedure, in UNITED NATIONS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATION OF THE OPENING FOR SIGNATURE OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, p.195 (2003) Twenty Years of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, Report of the Twenty-second session (2003)

Un Droit de confisquer? L’Obligation de prompte mainlevée des navires, in LA MER ET SON DROIT, MELANGES OFFERTS A LAURENT LUCCHINI ET JEAN- PIERRE QUENEUDEC, p.479 (2003) (with Vincent Bantz)

The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, in D.D. CARON AND H.N. SCHEIBER (eds.), BRINGING NEW LAW TO OCEAN WATERS, p.285 (2004) Does the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Have Jurisdiction over Disputes withTaiwan ? 2 Taiwan Int’l L.Q. 205 (2005)

The Territorial Temptation, 100 AM. J. INT’L L. 830 (2006); republished in THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, A CENTURY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, p.305 (2007) Page 8

The United States and the Future of International Law (Hausler Chair Lecture) (delivered at convocation March 5, 2007)

The Tomimaru Case: Confiscation and Prompt Release, in S.Y. HONG AND J.M. VAN DYKE, MARITIME BOUNDARY DISPUTES, SETTLEMENT PROCESSES, AND THE LAW OF THE SEA, p. 277 (2009)

Reflections on the Theme of the Oceans in the Nuclear Age, in D.D. CARON AND H.N. SCHEIBER (eds.), THE OCEANS IN THE NUCLEAR AGE (2009)

Jurisdiction of States, in MAX PLANCK ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 2d Ed. (earlier version published in the first edition) Crimes at Sea and Trafficking on Weapons of Mass Destruction (publication pending, paper delivered at International Colloguiium in Brussels, Apr. 27, 2007)

The Law of Maritime Delimitation: Back to the Future, Introduction to the publication of the award in the Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Aribtration (Permanent Court of Arbitration Award Series, 2009)

On Rocks and Maritime Delimitation, in LOOKING TO THE FUTURE: ESSAYS ON INTERNATIONAL LAW IN HONOR OF W. MICHAEL REISMAN (J.K. Cogan, M. Arsanjani, R.D. Sloane, S. Wiessner, eds), p.893 (2011) Idealism and the Study of International Law, Inaugural Lecture, Hague Academy of International Law, 350 (2010) RECUEIL DES COURS 419 (2011) David Bederman (obituary), 106 Am. J. Int’l L. 295 (2012)

Homage to Judge Tullio Treves, in LIBER AMERCOURUM IN HONOR OF JUDGE TULLIO TREVES (2013)

The Convention as a Constitution for the Oceans, DOKDO JOURNAL (2013) Separate and Dissenting Opinions and their Absence: A Window on Decision-Making in the Tribunal, in REGIONS, INSTITUTIONS, AND THE LAW OF THE SEA, p.47 (H.N. Scheiber & J.-H. Paik, eds., 2013)

Agora: The South China Sea: Editors’ Introduction, 107 AM. J. INT’L L. 95 (with L.F. Damrosch, 2013) Dispute Settlement and the Seaward Limits of the Continental Shelf , in Международное морское право: Статьи памяти А.Л. Колодкина (International Maritime Law: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF JUDGE ANATOLY KOLODKIN) (2014)

Offshore Features Subject to Claims of Sovereignty, in THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTES AND THE LAW OF THE SEA, p.8 (S. Jayakumar, T. Koh, & R. Beckman, eds., 2014) Page 9

Courts and Tribunals: The ICJ, ITLOS, and Arbitral Tribunals, in THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF THE LAW OF THE SEA, p.394 (D. Rothweel, A.O. Elferink, K.Scott, T. Stephens, eds. 2015) Canada’s Arctic Waters: Circumnavigating the Legal Dispute, in INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLITICS OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN: ESSAYS IN HONOR OF DONAT PHARAND, p. 195 (S. Lalonde & T.L. McDorman, eds. 2015) Judicial Application of Environmental Standards under the Law of the Sea Convention, in THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER: CURRENT NEEDS AND POSSIBLE RESPONSES: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF DJAMSCHID MOMTAZ, p. 452 (J. Crawford, A.G. Koroma, S. Mahmoudi, A. Pellet, eds. 2017)

The South China Sea Arbitration Award, 24 UNIV. OF MIAMI J. INT’L & COMP. L REV. 235 (2017)

Special Address: On the Challenges to Stability and to the Rule of Law in Implementation of UNCLOS, in OCEAN LAW DEBATES: THE 50-YEAR LEGACY AND EMERGING ISSUES FOR THE YEARS AHEAD, p. 276 (H.N. Schieber, N. Oral, Moon-Sang Kwon, eds. 2018)

Choice of Forum for Settlement of Law of the Sea Disputes in DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL WATERCOURSES AND THE LAW OF THE SEA: A BRIDGE OVER TROUBLED WATERS (H. Ruiz Fabri, E. Franckx, M. Benatar, Tamar Meshel, eds) (forthcoming) Compliance procedure: Implementation Agreement on Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, in Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law

Nonparticipation and Perceptions of Legitimacy, 37 Berkeley J. Int’l L. 235 (2019), 46 Ecology L. Q. 81 (2019)

Case Reports: The M.V. “Saiga” (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea,) 92 AM. J. INT’L L. 278 (1998) (prompt release) 94 AM. J. INT’L L. 140 (2000) (merits) (with Vincent Bantz)

The “Camouco” (Panama v. France), 94 AM. J. INT’L L. 713 (2000) (with Vincent Bantz) The “Grand Prince” (Belize v. France), 96 AM. J. INT’L L. 219 (2002) (with Vincent Bantz)

The “Tomimaru” (Japan v. Russian Federation) 102 AM. J. INT’L L. 316 (2008) The “Virginia G” (Panama v. Guinea-Bissau) 108 AM. J. INT’L L. 769 (2014) (with Vincent Bantz)

Book Reviews: R. Rodière & M. Rémond-Guilloud, La mer, Droits des hommes ou proie des états, 31 AM. J. COMP. L. 380 (1983) Page 10

M. Michael, L'Applicabilité du Traité instituant la C.E.E. et du droit dérivé au plateau continental des Etats membres, 80 AM. J. INT’L L. 246 (1986)

The International Maritime Organisation (S.Mankabady, ed.),, 80 AM. J. INT’L L. 1038 (1986) R. Smith, Exclusive Economic Zone Claims: An Analysis and Primary documents, 82 AM. J. INT’L L. 193 (1988)

D. Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law, 83 AM. J. INT’L L. 204 (1989)

J.K. Sebenius, Negotiating the Law of the Sea, 84 AM. J. INT’L L. 615 (1990)

A. Bernaerts, Bernaerts' Guide to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 85 AM. J. INT’L L. 229 (1991)

W.M. Reisman & G.S. Westerman, Straight Baselines in International Boundary Delimitation, 18 YALE J. INT'L L. 663 (1993) (review titled Drawing Lines in the Sea) J.A. Roach & R.W. Smith, Excessive Maritime Claims (U.S. Naval War College, International Law Studies, v.66, 1994), 89 AM. J. INT’L L. 861 (1995) Gudmundur Eiriksson, The International Tribunal For the Law of the Sea (2000), 95 AM. J. INT’L L. 731 (2001) James Kraska & Raul Pedrozo, The Free Sea: The American Fight for Freedom of Navigation, 114 Am. J. Int’l L. – (2020 forthcoming)