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Blue-Winged Warbler American Redstart Setophaga Ruticilla Black-And-White Warbler Mniotilta Varia Vermivora Cyanoptera

male Photo © David C. Olson female Photo © Carol Freeman male Photo © Brian Tang female Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder blue-winged warbler American ruticilla black-and-white warbler Mniotilta varia Vermivora cyanoptera

male Photo © David C. Olson female Photo © Joanne Kamo male Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder female Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder male Photo © John Cassady female Photo © Richard Day, Daybreak Imagery Setophaga cerulea chestnut-sided warbler Setophaga pensylvanica common Geothlypis trichas

male Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder female Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder male Photo © John Cassady female Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Kentucky warbler Louisiana waterthrush Setophaga citrina Geothlypis formosa Parkesia motacilla northern Setophaga americana

Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder male Photo © John Cassady female Photo © Joanne Kamo male Photo © John Cassady female Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder ovenbird warbler Seiurus aurocapilla Setophaga pinus Setophaga discolor Protonotaria citrea

Photo © Greg Lavaty Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder male Photo © Brian Tang female Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Photo © Joanne Kamo Photo © Rob Curtis, The Early Birder Swainson’s warbler worm-eating warbler yellow-breasted chat yellow-throated warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii Helmitheros vermivorum yellow warbler Setophaga petechia Icteria virens Setophaga dominica

ood-warblers are members of the Family Parulidae. They are small that List This poster was made possible by: Wuse their needlelike bill to capture the that make up the majority of their diet. Males and females have a similar appearance in some of the species, while Kingdom Animalia Geothlypis formosa Kentucky warbler in others, the male and female have different feather coloration (dimorphism). In Phylum Chordata Geothlypis trichas Illinois Department of Class Aves Setophaga citrina hooded warbler Natural Resources spring and summer the dimorphic males and the males and females of the other Division of Education Order Passeriformes Setophaga ruticilla wood-warbler species are brilliantly colored, but in fall, most warbler species have Family Parulidae Setophaga cerulea cerulean warbler drab coloration, and identification may be difficult. Wood-warblers are migratory Seiurus aurocapilla ovenbird Setophaga americana birds. They winter from the southern United States to . Nineteen Helmitheros vermivorum worm-eating warbler Setophaga petechia yellow warbler wood-warbler species are known to breed in Illinois. They are the species featured on Parkesia motacilla Louisiana waterthrush Setophaga pensylvanica chestnut-sided warbler this poster. Eighteen other wood-warbler species migrate through the state, and five Vermivora cyanoptera blue-winged warbler Setophaga pinus species are casual visitors to Illinois. Wood-warblers are vital components of Illinois’ Mniotilta varia black-and-white warbler Setophaga dominica yellow-throated warbler Funding for this poster was made possible ecosystems and their associated food webs. You can learn more about each species Protonotaria citrea prothonotary warbler Setophaga discolor prairie warbler in part by a donation from the Illinois on the back side of the poster. Limnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's warbler Icteria virens yellow-breasted chat Audubon Society. Species Descriptions Wood-warblers generally feed on insects. Any exceptions are noted in the hooded warbler prairie warbler yellow-throated warbler descriptions. Length measurement refers to bill tip to tail tip in preserved Setophaga citrina Setophaga discolor Setophaga dominica specimens and varies somewhat from that of live birds. Size: 5.5” Size: 5.0” Size: 5.5” Identifying Features: The hooded warbler is olive-yellow with white Identifying Features: This bobs its tail. Both male and female are Identifying Features: The male and female yellow-throated warblers are American redstart spots on the tail. The male has black on his head and neck that forms a similar in appearance. The bird has a gray back, yellow throat, dark patch Setophaga ruticilla yellow on the belly with dark stripes on the sides and a black mark through “hood” on the yellow face and forehead. Black markings are absent on the the eye. The back is green-brown. The male has a prominent dark mark under the eye, stripes on the side and two white bars per wing. Illinois Range: This species is a common migrant and summer resident Size: 5.0-7.0” female. The bird flicks its tail open and shut repeatedly. below the eye. It is present but much smaller and lighter in the female. Identifying Features: The male American redstart is black with orange in the southern part of the state becoming less common northward. Illinois Range: This species is an uncommon to rare migrant and Illinois Range: It is a common migrant and summer resident in southern patches on the wings and tail. The female is green-brown with yellow statewide summer resident. Winter Range: These birds winter in the southern United States, West Illinois, with populations decreasing northward in the state. patches on the wings and tail. An immature male has the same coloration Winter Range: These birds winter from Mexico to Panama. Spring mi - Indies, Mexico and and arrive in Illinois in April. Winter Range: These birds winter in the southern United States and the as the female except the wing and tail patches are orange. grants arrive in March. Illinois Habitat: These birds live in pine-oak woodlands, river corridors Illinois Range: This species is a common migrant and fairly common Illinois Habitat: The hooded warbler lives in mature bottomland woods . Spring migrants begin arriving in April. and swamps and forage in tree tops. summer resident statewide. and swamps. It is a forest interior species. Illinois Habitat: The prairie warbler is a bird of brushy areas, roadsides, Nesting: The nest is built high in a sycamore or pine tree, and a clutch Winter Range: These birds winter from the southern United States Nesting: Nesting occurs from May through July. The nest is built in a small abandoned fields and Christmas tree farms. usually contains four eggs. through South America. Males return in spring before females. shrub and usually contains a clutch of three to four eggs. One brood per Nesting: The nest is placed one to 10 feet above ground in a small tree Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in August. Illinois Habitat: The preferred habitat is open woodland with a shrubby year is raised. or shrub. A clutch typically contains four eggs, with one brood per year. understory. Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in August. Fall Migration: Fall migration starts in August. Nesting: Nesting occurs from May through July with the nest placed in the fork of a tree or shrub. A clutch usually contains four white eggs with Kentucky warbler prothonotary warbler red-brown markings. One brood is raised per year. Geothlypis formosa Protonotaria citrea Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in late July. Size: 5.5” Size: 5.0-5.5” black-and-white warbler Identifying Features: The Kentucky warbler has a yellow belly and a Identifying Features: Both sexes have blue-gray wings with no white gray-green back. A black line in front of the eye continues behind the eye Conservation Mniotilta varia markings, a gray tail and a white circle around each eye. The male has a to form “sideburns.” A yellow line in front of each eye circles the eye. The bright golden-yellow head and chest. The female has a similar color pattern Size: 4.5-5.5” Wood-warblers are migratory birds. They move seasonally between temperate male and female are similar in appearance. but is duller. Identifying Features: This species has black and white lengthwise stripes Illinois Range: This species is a common migrant statewide and a sum - regions of the Americas, where they breed, and tropical areas, where they on the back, head and belly. The male has a black throat patch that is ab - Illinois Range: Prothonotary warblers are common in the southern half spend the winter. The main reasons for this migration are that the insects mer resident in the southern two-thirds of the state. of the state, decreasing northward, and are common migrants statewide. sent in the female, and the female is lighter underneath than the male. Winter Range: These birds winter from Mexico to northern South Amer - they feed on cannot be found in great enough quantities for survival during Winter Range: This species winters from Mexico to northern South Illinois Range: The black-and-white warbler is a common migrant ica. Spring migrants begin arriving in April, and they migrate at night. the winter in the northern lands and that the amount of daylight in this statewide and a very rare summer resident in the southern half of the state. Illinois Habitat: This species lives in the interior of forests, especially in America. Spring migrants begin arriving in Illinois in April. season does not allow them time to forage enough daily to survive. They Winter Range: They winter from the southern United States to northern ravines. Illinois Habitat: Prothonotary warblers are common in the southern half return to the northern regions annually for the large spaces and ample South America. These birds begin arriving in Illinois in late March or Nesting: Nesting occurs from May through July. The nest is placed on or of the state, decreasing northward, and are common migrants statewide. food supplies they require for nesting territories. early April. near the ground. A clutch contains four to five eggs, and one brood is Nesting: Nesting occurs from May through June, and the nest is constructed Illinois Habitat: Their preferred habitat is woodlands, especially those in a tree hole, a nest box or under a bridge. Four to six eggs comprise a Wood-warblers depend on forests. Forests in both temperate and tropical raised per year. climates have been greatly reduced and altered from their natural state. on hillsides or in ravines. They creep along branches from mid- to low-lev - typical clutch. Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in August. Forest fragmentation results when forests are cleared by humans and re - els searching for insects. Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in August. duced to small, isolated woodlots (fragments). Birds that require large tracts Nesting: The nest is placed on or near the ground and is usually covered Louisiana waterthrush of contiguous forests may be unable to find suitable habitat to survive. with a pile of leaves. A clutch normally contains five white eggs with brown Parkesia motacilla Swainson’s warbler Small woodlots allow many predators and nest parasites to have access to speckles. One brood is raised per year. Limnothlypis swainsonii Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in July. Size: 6.0” forest-interior bird species. In addition, much of this land is converted to Identifying Features: Its coloration includes a brown back, white un - Size: 5.0” long-term projects such as urban development, subdivisions, farms or other blue-winged warbler derside and throat, white eyebrow stripe over each eye, stripes on the un - Identifying Features: The male and female Swainson’s warbler have the uses. Forest fragmentation and clearing also occur in the tropics as more Vermivora cyanoptera derside but not the throat, pink-brown rear underside and pink legs. It same appearance. The back is green-brown. The belly is white. There is a space is needed for homes, agriculture and development. Loss of habitat bobs its head and tail as it walks. brown cap on the head with a white eyebrow stripe below it. along the migratory route can prohibit birds from obtaining the food and Size: 4.5-5.0” Illinois Range: A common migrant statewide, the Louisiana waterthrush Identifying Features: Male and female blue-winged warblers are similar Illinois Range: Swainson’s warbler is a very rare migrant statewide and rest they need. is also a summer resident in Illinois, although it is less common in northern a very rare summer resident in southern Illinois. in appearance. The head and belly are yellow. The wings are blue. The back Illinois than in the rest of the state. Pesticides and pollution can affect wood-warblers and their food sources. Winter Range: These birds winter in , Jamaica, Mexico and Central and tail are green-brown. There are two white bars on each wing, and a Winter Range: This species winters in the West Indies and Mexico south Many natural and humanmade obstacles cause problems for these birds thin black mark extends through each eye. through northern South America. Spring migrants begin arriving in Illinois America and return to Illinois in April. during migration. Storms and strong winds can blow birds off course or Illinois Range: This species is an uncommon migrant and summer resi - in late March. Illinois Habitat: Its habitat consists of large contiguous forested areas provide headwinds that slow progress. dent statewide. Illinois Habitat: These birds live in forested ravines, along small streams with 80 percent or more canopy closure and an understory of giant cane Winter Range: These birds winter from Mexico to Panama. Spring mi - and in forests associated with swamps. ( ). As of 2010, the Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board lists one wood- grants begin returning to Illinois in April. Nesting: The nest is placed in a hole in a stream bank or in exposed roots Nesting: Its nest is built in shrubs, dense cane, small trees or vines, two warbler species as endangered in the state and one species as threatened. Illinois Habitat: Woodlands, brushy hillsides and swamps are the preferred close to water and is vulnerable to flooding. A typical clutch contains five to 10 feet above ground and usually near open water. A clutch generally habitats. These birds feed in the middle- to lower-levels of vegetation. Endangered: Swainson’s warbler ( Limnothlypis swainsonii ) has always eggs. One brood per year is raised. contains three eggs. It is the only warbler species in Illinois to lay plain Nesting: Nesting occurs in May and June. The nest is placed on or near been uncommon in the state and is now extremely rare. Preservation of Fall Migration: Fall migration starts in late August. white eggs. the ground, supported by dead leaves or vegetation. Four to six white eggs large tracts of bottomland forest and dense cane stands are critical for its Fall Migration: Fall migrants begin leaving in August. with brown speckles comprise a clutch. survival in Illinois. northern parula Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in August. Setophaga americana worm-eating warbler Threatened: The cerulean warbler ( Setophaga cerulea ) prefers to live in forests of more than 1,000 acres in size and is rarely found in forests Size: 4.5” Helmitheros vermivorum cerulean warbler smaller than 200 acres. This species was once abundant in the state, but loss Setophaga cerulea Identifying Features: Two white bars per wing, blue-gray back and tail, Size: 5.0-5.5” of large tracts of forested habitat has been detrimental to it. Conservation Size: 4.5” dark breast band, green patch on the back and white arcs above and below Identifying Features: The worm-eating warbler is dull olive-green with each eye that do not touch are characteristics of the male. The female is actions needed to help preserve this species in Illinois include protection Identifying Features: The male cerulean warbler is blue on the back, black stripes on a buff head and a brown breast. of mature deciduous forest, especially along streams, long-term timber white underneath and has a thin black band on the upper chest. The fe - similar in coloration, although paler, and lacks the breast band. Illinois Range: It is a common migrant statewide. In summer, it is com - Illinois Range: The northern parula is a common migrant statewide and management and maintenance of favored tree species, including oaks, male is olive-green above, white underneath and has a white line above mon in southern Illinois, uncommon in central Illinois and rare in northern a common summer resident in southern Illinois, with decreasing occurrence sycamores, elms and chestnuts. each eye. Both sexes have two white wing bars per wing. Illinois. Illinois Range: This species is an uncommon migrant and summer resi - northward in the state. Birds and people both depend upon forest resources. In order to conserve Winter Range: These birds winter in the southern United States, West Winter Range: These birds winter in the West Indies and Central America dent statewide, although it is more commonly found in southern Illinois. and return to Illinois in April. wood-warbler populations, land use decisions regarding forests must take Winter Range: Cerulean warblers winter in South America. Migrants Indies, Mexico and Central America. Spring migrants arrive in Illinois in April. into account the impacts of those uses on people, birds and the forest. Illinois Habitat: This bird is a resident of bottomland forests, swamps Illinois Habitat: The preferred habitat is extensive, mature forest with dry begin arriving in Illinois in April. wooded slopes and a shrubby understory. It feeds on or near the ground. Migratory birds are a shared international resource. Their population declines Illinois Habitat: The preferred habitat is mature bottomland forest with and streams in upland ravines. Nesting: The nest is built on the ground and typically contains three to illustrate the global effects of human actions. tall trees and an open understory. These birds forage in the treetops. Nesting: It nests from 10 to 40 feet above ground in a tree growing near Nesting: The nest is built in a large tree from 20-60 feet above ground, water. A typical clutch contains four to five eggs. six eggs. far out on the branch away from the tree trunk. A clutch of four eggs is Fall Migration: Fall migrants start leaving in September. Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in September. typical, and one brood is raised annually. Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in August. ovenbird yellow warbler Seiurus aurocapilla Setophaga petechia chestnut-sided warbler Size: 5.5-6.5” Size: 4.5-5.0” Setophaga pensylvanica Identifying Features: The light orange patch on the top of the head is Identifying Features: Male and female yellow warblers have a yellow Taking Action Size: 5.0” a distinctive feature of the ovenbird. The feather coloration is brown above body, head, eye ring, belly and spots on the black tail. The male only has Identifying Features: A yellow crown and chestnut sides are identifying with a striped belly. red-brown streaks on the chest. The following ideas are practical steps that you can take to help features for the male of this species in its breeding plumage. The female Illinois Range: This species is a common migrant and a locally uncom - Illinois Range: This species is a common migrant and summer resident conserve migratory bird species. mon summer resident statewide. has similar coloration, but the chestnut is lighter and less prominent. In the statewide. Winter Range: These birds winter from the southern United States to Cen - n Participate in International Migratory Bird Day, held on the nonbreeding condition, the birds are green above, white below, have a white Winter Range: These birds winter mainly in Mexico, Central America eye ring, pale yellow wing bars and some chestnut coloration on the sides. tral America and the West Indies. Spring migrants start arriving in late April. second Saturday in May, to educate others about migratory birds. Illinois Habitat: This bird requires large expanses of mature deciduous and the West Indies, returning to Illinois in late April. Illinois Range: The chestnut-sided warbler is a common migrant Illinois Habitat: These birds live along streams and rivers, in woodlands, n Write to state and national elected representatives to voice statewide and a rare to locally uncommon summer resident in the state. forest. The ovenbird stays on or near the ground when foraging, walking in parks and in other wooded areas. your concern over the plight of migratory birds. Winter Range: These birds winter in Mexico and Central America. Mi - through leaf litter. grants begin arriving in Illinois in late April. Nesting: This species nests on the forest floor and is called “ovenbird” Nesting: Nesting occurs from May through June with four to five eggs n Contact local environmental organizations or chapters of national Illinois Habitat: Shrubby areas in old pastures, roadsides, fence rows because the dome-shaped appearance of the nest resembles a Dutch oven. per clutch. The nest is placed in a low, shrubby tree. organizations, such as the Illinois Audubon Society, to find out and woods are the preferred habitat. A typical clutch contains four or five eggs with one brood per year. Fall Migration: Fall migration begins in July. what they are doing about the issue. Nesting: The nest is constructed one to four feet above ground in a shrub Fall Migration: Fall migrants start to leave in late August. n Contact local representatives and parks personnel to learn about and usually contains four eggs. yellow-breasted chat local land-use issues. Find out how you can learn about impor - Fall Migration: Fall migration starts in August. pine warbler Icteria virens Setophaga pinus tant local hearings, to provide public input on land-use decisions. Size: 7.0” common yellowthroat Size: 5.0-5.5” Identifying Features: The throat and breast are yellow. The head, back n Conduct a school- or district-wide “Migratory Bird Day” to Geothlypis trichas Identifying Features: Two white wing bars, a dark cheek, pale stripes and tail are green-brown. There is a white patch between the front of the educate others in your school district about birds. on the sides of the breast and white tail spots are common to males and Size: 5.0” eye and the back of the bill. n Take field trips to observe birds and contribute observations females of this species. The male also has a yellow breast and olive-green Identifying Features: The male has a black mask, yellow throat and yel - Illinois Range: This species is a common migrant and summer resident about bird populations to bird censuses or counts. low breast. The female is olive-brown above with a yellow throat and back. The female is duller with green-brown coloration on the back. in southern Illinois. It can be found in the rest of Illinois but not as fre - Illinois Range: The pine warbler is an uncommon migrant, uncommon breast, yellow under the tail and no mask. quently as in southern Illinois. n Plant native trees in appropriate places to increase bird habitat. summer resident in southern Illinois and very rare winter resident in the Illinois Range: The common yellowthroat is a very common migrant Winter Range: These birds winter from the southern United States to and summer resident statewide. It occasionally winters in Illinois, too. state. It is unusual for a warbler in that it often eats seeds as well as insects n Take steps to reduce, reuse and recycle paper. Panama. Spring migrants begin arriving in April. Winter Range: The species winters in the southern United States through and that is why this species can overwinter in the state. n Illinois Habitat: The yellow-breasted chat lives in thickets, edges and Plant a butterfly garden to provide habitat that supports insects Central America and the West Indies. It may winter in Illinois, too. Migrants Winter Range: These birds winter in the southern United States. Spring that birds feed on. begin arriving in Illinois by mid-April. migrants begin returning in late March. brushy areas, especially along streams, where it can often be heard singing Illinois Habitat: They live in swamps, bottomland forests, brushy areas Illinois Habitat: This bird’s preferred habitat includes pine or mixed at night. n Donate money to land preservation efforts. Nesting: Nesting occurs from May through July with three to four eggs and fence rows. conifer-pine woods, where it forages in the upper regions of the trees. n Educate others about the dangers to birds from feral . Nesting: The nest is built near ground level in vegetation and typically Nesting: It nests from eight to 80 feet above ground in a pine tree. A per clutch. The nest is built in a thicket or brushy area at ground level or contains three to five eggs. One brood is raised per year. clutch usually contains four eggs. a few feet above ground. n Leave snags and fallen trees in wood lots to provide habitat for Fall Migration: Fall migration starts in September. Fall Migration: Fall migrants begin leaving in September. Fall Migration: Fall migration starts in September. birds and the insects they feed upon. Agency Resources More information about Illinois wood-warblers is available from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). The Division of Natural Heritage manages and monitors bird populations. Natural Heritage personnel also provide assistance to landowners regarding establishing Equal opportunity to participate in programs of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) and those funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies is available to all individuals regardless of race, sex, national origin, disability, age, and maintaining bird habitat. The IDNR Division of Education provides supplemental resources for educators to use, including the Illinois Common Birds activity book, Illinois Birds resources trunk that is available for loan from more than 50 lending locations statewide, Field Trip religion or other non-merit factors. If you believe you have been discriminated against, contact the funding source’s civil rights office Packs for early childhood educators and the Biodiversity of Illinois series of CD-ROMs that are field guides to more than 1,000 species in the state. Wood Projects for Illinois Wildlife is an IDNR booklet that includes plans for nesting boxes that are used by some warblers. and/or the Equal Employment Opportunity Officer, IDNR, One Natural Resources Way, Springfield, IL 62702-1271; 217-785-0067; Publications are available through http://dnr.state.il.us/teachkids. The Illinois Audubon Society’s mission is to promote the perpetuation and appreciation of the native flora and fauna of Illinois and the habitats that support them. Fundamental to this end are the control of pollution, TTY 217/782-9175. This information may be provided in an alternative format if required. Contact the DNR Clearinghouse at the conservation of energy and all natural resources, a sound ecological relationship between human populations and their environments and the education and involvement of the public in such efforts. 217/782-7498 for assistance. ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ILLINOIS AUDUBON SOCIETY Division of Education Division of Natural Heritage 2315 Clear Lake Avenue ( office ) P. O. Box 2547 ( mailing ) One Natural Resources Way One Natural Resources Way Springfield, IL 62703 Springfield, IL 62708 Springfield, IL 62702-1271 Springfield, IL 62702-1271 217-544-2473 http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/education http://www.dnr.illinois.gov http://www.illinoisaudubon.org Printed by the Authority of the State of Illinois. 217-524-4126 217-785-8691 XXM – 9/11 • IOCI 12-0181 [email protected] Illinois Birds: Volume 2 - Wood-warblers © 2011, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield, Illinois

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