DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Register/Vol. 81, No. 120/Wednesday, June 22, 2016/Rules

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Register/Vol. 81, No. 120/Wednesday, June 22, 2016/Rules 40534 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 120 / Wednesday, June 22, 2016 / Rules and Regulations Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085– available by appointment, during adjacent to elfin-woods warbler existing 9659, (269) 429–0300. http:// normal business hours, at: U.S. Fish and populations must be improved before www.asabe.org/publications/ Wildlife Service, Caribbean Ecological they are suitable for the species; publications/standards.aspx. Services Field Office (see FOR FURTHER therefore, some activities that would (1) ANSI/ASABE 279.14 JUL2008, INFORMATION CONTACT). normally be prohibited under 50 CFR ‘‘Lighting and Marking of Agricultural FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 17.31 and 17.32 will contribute to the Equipment on Highways,’’ approved Marelisa Rivera, Deputy Field conservation of the elfin-woods warbler. August 2008, into § 562.7. Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife For the elfin-woods warbler, the Service (2) ANSI/ASAE 390.4 JAN2005, Service, Caribbean Ecological Services has determined that species-specific ‘‘Definitions and Classifications of Field Office, P.O. Box 491, Road 301 regulations authorized by section 4(d) of Agricultural Field Equipment,’’ Km. 5.1, Boquero´n, PR 00622; telephone the Act are necessary and advisable to approved February 2005, into § 562.3. 787–851–7297; facsimile 787–851–7440. provide for the conservation of this (b) [Reserved]. Persons who use a telecommunications species. Issued on June 14, 2016, in Washington, device for the deaf (TDD) may call the Peer review and public comment. We DC, under authority delegated in 49 CFR 1.95 Federal Information Relay Service sought comments from independent and 501.5. (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. specialists to ensure that our Mark R. Rosekind, SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: determination is based on scientifically Administrator. sound data, assumptions, and analyses. Executive Summary We invited these peer reviewers to [FR Doc. 2016–14571 Filed 6–21–16; 8:45 am] Why we need to publish a rule. Under comment on the listing proposal. We BILLING CODE 4910–59–P the Endangered Species Act, a species considered all comments and may warrant protection through listing information we received during the if it is endangered or threatened comment period. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR throughout all or a significant portion of Previous Federal Action its range. Listing a species as an Fish and Wildlife Service endangered or threatened species can Please refer to the proposed listing only be completed by issuing a rule. rule (80 FR 58674, September 30, 2015) 50 CFR Part 17 This rule finalizes the listing of the for a detailed description of previous [Docket No. FWS–R4–ES–2015–0144; elfin-woods warbler (Setophaga Federal actions concerning the elfin- 4500030113] angelae) as a threatened species. It woods warbler. includes provisions under the authority RIN 1018–BA94 Summary of Comments and of section 4(d) of the Act that are Recommendations necessary and advisable for the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife In the proposed rule published on and Plants; Threatened Species Status conservation needs of the elfin-woods warbler. September 30, 2015 (80 FR 58674), we for the Elfin-Woods Warbler With 4(d) requested that all interested parties Rule The basis for our action. Under the Act, we may determine that a species is submit written comments on the AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, a threatened species based on any of proposal by November 30, 2015. We Interior. five factors: (A) The present or also contacted appropriate Federal and ACTION: Final rule. threatened destruction, modification, or State agencies, scientific experts and curtailment of its habitat or range; (B) organizations, and other interested SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and overutilization for commercial, parties and invited them to comment on Wildlife Service (Service), determine recreational, scientific, or educational the proposal. On October 3, 2015, we threatened species status under the purposes; (C) disease or predation; (D) published a newspaper notice in the Endangered Species Act (Act), as the inadequacy of existing regulatory Primera Hora inviting general public amended, for the elfin-woods warbler mechanisms; or (E) other natural or comment. We did not receive any (Setophaga angelae), a bird species in manmade factors affecting its continued requests for a public hearing. existence. We have determined that this Puerto Rico. This rule will add this Peer Reviewer Comments species to the List of Endangered and species is currently at risk throughout Threatened Wildlife. We are also all of its range due to threats related to In accordance with our peer review adopting a rule under the authority of habitat modification on private lands policy published on July 1, 1994 (59 FR section 4(d) of the Act (a ‘‘4(d) rule’’) under agricultural and other land use 34270), we solicited expert opinion that is necessary and advisable to requiring vegetation clearance (Factor from six knowledgeable individuals provide for the conservation of the elfin- A) and to other natural or manmade with scientific expertise that included woods warbler. factors, such as restricted distribution familiarity with the elfin-woods warbler and its habitat, biological needs, and DATES: This rule is effective July 22, and lack of connectivity, genetic drift, threats. We received responses from 2016. hurricanes, and the effects of climate change (Factor E). four of the peer reviewers. ADDRESSES: This final rule is available Under section 4(d) of the Act, the We reviewed all comments we on the Internet at http:// Secretary of the Interior has discretion received from the peer reviewers for www.regulations.gov and http:// to issue such regulations she deems substantive issues and new information www.fws.gov/caribbean. Comments and necessary and advisable to provide for regarding the listing of elfin-woods materials we received, as well as the conservation of the species. The warbler. The peer reviewers generally supporting documentation we used in Secretary also has the discretion to concurred with our methods and preparing this rule, are available for prohibit by regulation, with respect to a conclusions, and provided additional public inspection at http:// threatened species, any act prohibited information, clarifications, and www.regulations.gov. Comments, by section 9(a)(1) of the Act. suggestions to improve this final rule. materials, and documentation that we Habitats within some of the Substantive peer reviewer comments are considered in this rulemaking will be physically degraded private lands addressed in the following summary VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:06 Jun 21, 2016 Jkt 238001 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\22JNR1.SGM 22JNR1 sradovich on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with RULES Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 120 / Wednesday, June 22, 2016 / Rules and Regulations 40535 and incorporated into the final rule as laws will address actions that may February 28. However, we concur with appropriate. result in take of the species. the information presented by the peer (1) Comment: One peer reviewer (4) Comment: One peer reviewer reviewer, and have made changes to this stated that the proposed listing rule did emphasized the need for research on the final rule to reflect the peer reviewer’s not include references to the Puerto elfin-woods warbler and its status to input. Rico Breeding Bird Atlas Project of the inform managers and to facilitate the Sociedad Ornitolo´gica Puertorriquen˜ a, species’ future delisting. He indicated (8) Comment: One peer reviewer Inc. (SOPI; http://www.aosbirds.org/ that automated recording units (ARUs), warned about the potential of chemicals prbba/SpeciesEWWA.html). The peer which automatically record sounds for used for agriculture (such as pesticides, reviewer noted there is one record of the later computer analyses, suggest herbicides, and fertilizers) gaining elfin-woods warbler being detected tremendous potential for surveying the access to the food chain and eventually during this project on March 31, 2005, more inaccessible sites in CCF, Toro to arthropods feeding birds such as the in an area between Jayuya and Adjuntas Negro, and EYNF. elfin-woods warbler. (hexagon 913) in the central mountains Our Response: We acknowledge this Our Response: Under the proposed of Puerto Rico by Bailey McKay and comment and will develop recovery and this final 4(d) rule, pest control Richard West. The peer reviewer also actions, including research needs, in the substances (e.g., pesticides, herbicides) indicated that during a Bicknell’s thrush recovery plan for the species. The and fertilizers will be applied only study conducted by the Vermont Center Service concurs with the peer reviewer twice a year during the establishment for Ecostudies between January and on the use of ARUs to survey for the period of shade and coffee trees (i.e., the March, 2015, elfin-woods warblers were elfin-woods warbler in inaccessible first 2 years). The Service believes that sites. We have already initiated a project detected in the Maricao Commonwealth during this period, the structure of the with academia and local Forest (MCF) and El Yunque National agroforestry system is not mature Forest (EYNF), but were not detected in nongovernmental organizations using enough to sustain the occurrence of the Carite Commonwealth Forest (CCF) ARUs to assess the presence of the elfin- elfin-woods warblers within these areas. or in the municipalities of Jayuya and woods warbler at the CCF and EYNF. Adjuntas. (5) Comment: One peer reviewer Therefore, we do not expect that the Our Response: We appreciate these made reference to the description of the elfin-woods warbler will be negatively comments. We have added the new elfin-woods warbler included in the affected by these actions. information regarding the observation of proposed listing rule, indicating that (9) Comment: A peer reviewer the elfin-woods warbler between Jayuya adult and sub-adult elfin-woods warbler suggested modifying the following and Adjuntas to this final rule. The do not have a stripe above the eyes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biosphere Consulting 14908 Tilden Road ‐ Winter Garden FL 34787 (407) 656 8277
    Biosphere Consulting 14908 Tilden Road ‐ Winter Garden FL 34787 (407) 656 8277 www.BiosphereNursery.com The following list of plants include only native wetland and transitional species used primarily in aquascaping, lakefront and wetland restoration. Biosphere also carries a large number of upland species and BIOSCAPE species, as well as wildflower seeds and plants. The nursery is open to the public on Tuesday through Saturday only from 9:00 A.M. until 5:00 P.M. Prices are F.O.B. the nursery. * Bare root plants must be ordered at least two (2) days prior to pick-up. PRICE LIST NATIVE WETLAND AND TRANSITIONAL SPECIES HERBACEOUS SPECIES *Bare Root 1 Gal. 3 Gal. Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia) .50 2.50 --- Bulrush (Scirpus californicus & S.validus) .50 --- 8.00 Burrmarigold (Bidens leavis) --- 2.00 --- Canna (Canna flaccida) .60 2.00 --- Crinum (Crinum americanum) 1.50 3.00 10.00 Duck Potato (Sagittaria lancifolia) .60 2.00 --- Fragrant Water Lily (Nymphaea odorata) 5.00 --- 12.00 Hibiscus (Hibiscus coccinea) --- 3.00 8.00 Horsetail (Equisetum sp.) .80 2.00 --- Iris (Iris savannarum) .60 2.00 --- Knotgrass (Paspalum distichum) .50 2.00 --- Lemon Bacopa (Bacopa caroliniana) --- 3.50 --- Lizards Tail (Saururus cernuus) .60 2.50 --- Maidencane (Panicum hemitomon) .50 2.00 --- Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) .50 2.00 --- Redroot (Lachnanthes carolinana) .60 2.00 --- Sand Cord Grass (Spartina bakeri) .50 3.50 --- Sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) .60 3.00 --- Softrush (Juncus effusus) .50 2.00 --- Spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa) .70 2.00 ---
    [Show full text]
  • 3.44 ,L Regional Director, U.S.{Fisl1 a D Wildlife Service
    RECOVERY PLAN for Pleodendron macranthum and Eugenia haematocarpa Prepared by Kenneth W. Foote Bequerdn Field Office US. Fish and Wildlife Service Boquerbn, Puerto Rico for the US. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia 3.44 ,L Regional Director, U.S.{Fisl1 a d Wildlife Service Date: DISCLAIMER Recovery Plans delineate reasonable actions which are believed to be required to recover and/or protect species. Plans are published by the US. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State (Commonwealth) agencies, and others. Plans are reviewed by the public and submitted to additional peer review before they are adopted by the Service. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to and other constraints the involved as as to budgetary affecting parties , well the need address other priorities- Recovery plans do not obligate other parties to undertake specific tasks and may not represent the views or the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in formulating the plan, other then the US. Fish and Wildlife Service. Recovery plans represent the official position of the US. Fish and Wildlife Service only after they have been signed by the Regional Director or Director as approved. Approved recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery tasks. By approving this document, the Regional Director certifies that the data used in its development represent the best scientific and commercial data available at the time it was written. Copies of all documents reviewed in the development of the plan are available in the administrative record, located at the Boqueron Field Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Checklist Guánica Biosphere Reserve Puerto Rico
    United States Department of Agriculture BirD CheCklist Guánica Biosphere reserve Puerto rico Wayne J. Arendt, John Faaborg, Miguel Canals, and Jerry Bauer Forest Service Research & Development Southern Research Station Research Note SRS-23 The Authors: Wayne J. Arendt, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Sabana Field Research Station, HC 2 Box 6205, Luquillo, PR 00773, USA; John Faaborg, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7400, USA; Miguel Canals, DRNA—Bosque de Guánica, P.O. Box 1185, Guánica, PR 00653-1185, USA; and Jerry Bauer, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Río Piedras, PR 00926, USA. Cover Photos Large cover photograph by Jerry Bauer; small cover photographs by Mike Morel. Product Disclaimer The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. April 2015 Southern Research Station 200 W.T. Weaver Blvd. Asheville, NC 28804 www.srs.fs.usda.gov BirD CheCklist Guánica Biosphere reserve Puerto rico Wayne J. Arendt, John Faaborg, Miguel Canals, and Jerry Bauer ABSTRACt This research note compiles 43 years of research and monitoring data to produce the first comprehensive checklist of the dry forest avian community found within the Guánica Biosphere Reserve. We provide an overview of the reserve along with sighting locales, a list of 185 birds with their resident status and abundance, and a list of the available bird habitats. Photographs of habitats and some of the bird species are included.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 119/Thursday, June 20, 2019/Notices
    28850 Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 119 / Thursday, June 20, 2019 / Notices or speech-impaired individuals may status reviews of 53 species under the Relay Service at 800–877–8339 for TTY access this number through TTY by Endangered Species Act, as amended. A assistance. calling the toll-free Federal Relay 5-year review is an assessment of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Service at 800–877–8339. best scientific and commercial data Dated: June 14, 2019. available at the time of the review. We Why do we conduct 5-year reviews? are requesting submission of Brian D. Montgomery, Under the Endangered Species Act of Acting Deputy Secretary. information that has become available since the last reviews of these species. 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 [FR Doc. 2019–13146 Filed 6–19–19; 8:45 am] et seq.), we maintain lists of endangered BILLING CODE 4210–67–P DATES: To allow us adequate time to and threatened wildlife and plant conduct these reviews, we must receive species in title 50 of the Code of Federal your comments or information on or Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR 17.11 (for DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR before August 19, 2019. However, we wildlife) and 17.12 (for plants: List). will continue to accept new information Section 4(c)(2)(A) of the ESA requires us Fish and Wildlife Service about any listed species at any time. to review each listed species’ status at least once every 5 years. Our regulations [FWS–R4–ES–2019–N037; ADDRESSES: For instructions on how to FXES11130900000C2–190–FF09E32000] submit information and review at 50 CFR 424.21 require that we publish a notice in the Federal Register Endangered and Threatened Wildlife information that we receive on these species, see Request for New announcing those species under active and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status review.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Parula Setophaga Americana
    Northern Parula Setophaga americana Folk Name: Blue Yellow-backed Warbler Status: Breeder Abundance: Uncommon to Fairly Common Habitat: Bottomland forests—damp, low woods “Cute.” That seems to be the most common adjective ascribed to this petite, energetic warbler. Although, “adorable” is certainly in the running as well. It is a colorful bird with a mix of blue gray, yellow green, bright yellow, and bold white, with the addition of a dab of reddish and black on the males. It is our smallest member of the warbler family, about the size of the tiny Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, but this bird has a very short tail. As such, it can be hard to see amongst the foliage while it is foraging for insects and spiders in the top of a tree. Fortunately, the male is quite a loud and persistent singer and a patient observer, following the bird’s song, may soon be rewarded with a view of it. The song of the Northern Parula has been variously R. B. McLaughlin found a Northern Parula nest with described as a wind-up zee-zee-zee trill with an abrupt, eggs in Iredell County on May 11, 1887. In December of punctuated, downward zip note at the end, or as a “quaint that year, he published a brief article describing another drowsy, little gurgling sizzle, chip-er, chip-er, chip-er, nest of the Northern Parula which he had found in chee-ee-ee-ee.” It breeds in much of the eastern United Statesville several years earlier. He first noticed a clump of States and throughout both Carolinas.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited Proposed Critical Habitat Designation for Elfin-Woods Warbler (EWWA), Setophaga Angelae
    Literature Cited Proposed Critical Habitat Designation for Elfin-woods Warbler (EWWA), Setophaga angelae Abt Associates, Inc. 2016. Screening analysis of the likely economic impacts of critical habitat designation for the elfin-woods warbler. March 7, 2016 memo to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Aide, T. M. and M. Campos. 2016. Elfin-woods warbler acoustic monitoring. Preliminary report: Carite. Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 10 pp. Anadón-Irizarry, V. 2006. Distribution, habitat occupancy and population density of the elfin-woods warbler (Dendroica angelae) in Puerto Rico. Master’s Thesis. University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus. 53 pp. Anadón-Irizarry, V. 2014. Personal communication regarding the searching for a third population of the elfin-woods warbler. Caribbean Program Manager, Birdlife International Inc. E-mail: November 10, 2014. Arendt, W.J., S.S. Qian, and K.A. Mineard. 2013. Population decline of the elfin-woods warbler Setophaga angelae in eastern Puerto Rico. Bird Conservation International, Birdlife International 2013. 11 pp. Arroyo-Vázquez, B. 1992. Observations of the breeding biology of the elfin-woods warbler. Wilson Bulletin 104:362-365. Colón-Merced, R. 2013. Evaluación cuantitativa de presas potenciales, tipo artrópodo, y análisis paisajista del hábitat potencial para la Reinita de Bosque Enano (Setophaga angelae) en Puerto Rico. Master’s Thesis. University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus. 126 pp. Delannoy, C.A. 2007. Distribution, abundance and description of habitats of the elfin- woods warbler Dendroica angelae, in southwestern Puerto Rico. Final Report submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Grant Agreement No. 401814G078. University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Succession on Burned Areas in Okefenokee Swamp Following the Fires of 1954 and 1955 EUGENE CYPERT Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge U.S
    Plant Succession on Burned Areas in Okefenokee Swamp Following the Fires of 1954 and 1955 EUGENE CYPERT Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and 'Wildlife Waycross, GA 31501 INTRODUCTION IN 1954 and 1955, during an extreme drought, five major fires occurred in Okefenokee Swamp. These fires swept over approximately 318,000 acres of the swamp and 140,000 acres of the adjacent upland. In some areas in the swamp, the burning was severe enough to kill most of the timber and the understory vegetation and burn out pockets in the peat bed. Burns of this severity were usually small and spotty. Over most of the swamp, the burns were surface fires which generally killed most of the underbrush but rarely burned deep enough into the peat bed to kill the larger trees. In many places the swamp fires swept over lightly, burning surface duff and killing only the smaller underbrush. Some areas were missed entirely. On the upland adjacent to the swamp, the fires were very de­ structive, killing most of the pine timber on the 140,000 acres burned over. The destruction of pine forests on the upland and the severe 199 EUGENE CYPERT burns in the swamp caused considerable concern among conservation­ ists and neighboring land owners. It was believed desirable to learn something of the succession of vegetation on some of the more severely burned areas. Such knowl­ edge would add to an understanding of the ecology and history of the swamp and to an understanding of the relation that fires may have to swamp wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • BIRD CONSERVATION the Magazine of American Bird Conservancy Fall 2012 BIRD’S EYE VIEW
    BIRD CONSERVATION The Magazine of American Bird Conservancy Fall 2012 BIRD’S EYE VIEW Is Species Conservation Enough? How should we as conservationists decide which birds deserve protection? Where should we draw the line that tells us which groups of birds are “unique” enough to merit saving? t one extreme, a conserva- becomes extinct? Do we care about tion skeptic might insist that the continuation of these evolution- Apreserving one type of bird ary processes, or do we take a pass from each genus is sufficient. At the on preserving them because these other, passionate lovers of wildlife birds are not sufficiently “unique”? may not accept the loss of even one When in doubt about whether to individual. A more typical birder take conservation action, I fall back might nominate the species as the on the precautionary principle, key conservation level because the which says, in essence, that when concept of species is familiar to us. l American Dipper: USFWS uncertain about the potential harm- Science gets us closer to the answers, ful effect of an action, the prudent but it cannot draw the line: the purpose of science is course is the conservative one. or, as aldo Leopold to gather knowledge, not to make decisions for us. wrote, “Save all of the pieces.” Furthermore, like life itself, the science of taxonomy is I say, save the Black Hills Dipper regardless of which in a constant state of change. Baltimore and Bullock’s taxonomic opinion prevails; and while we are at it, we Orioles have been “lumped” into Northern Oriole and ought to save Wayne’s Warbler, the rhododendron- then “split” again, all based on the most current scien- dwelling Swainson’s Warbler, and the tree-nesting tific opinion.
    [Show full text]
  • Reporton the Rare Plants of Puerto Rico
    REPORTON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO tii:>. CENTER FOR PLANT CONSERVATION ~ Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis, Missouri July 15, l' 992 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Center for Plant Conservation would like to acknowledge the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the W. Alton Jones Foundation for their generous support of the Center's work in the priority region of Puerto Rico. We would also like to thank all the participants in the task force meetings, without whose information this report would not be possible. Cover: Zanthoxy7um thomasianum is known from several sites in Puerto Rico and the U.S . Virgin Islands. It is a small shrub (2-3 meters) that grows on the banks of cliffs. Threats to this taxon include development, seed consumption by insects, and road erosion. The seeds are difficult to germinate, but Fairchild Tropical Garden in Miami has plants growing as part of the Center for Plant Conservation's .National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Drawing taken from USFWS 1987 Draft Recovery Plan.) REPORT ON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements A. Summary 8. All Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands Species of Conservation Concern Explanation of Attached Lists C. Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [8] species D. Blank Taxon Questionnaire E. Data Sources for Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [B] species F. Pue~to Rico\Virgin Islands Task Force Invitees G. Reviewers of Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [8] Species REPORT ON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO SUMMARY The Center for Plant Conservation (Center) has held two meetings of the Puerto Rlco\Virgin Islands Task Force in Puerto Rico.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Advancing The
    U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Advancing the Description and Management of the Nation’s Ecosystems Use of the NVC hierarchy to scale the GAP/LANDFIRE National Ecosystems Map Legend Don Long (U.S. Forest Service), Anne Davidson (GAP, BSU) Todd Earnhardt (GAP , NSCU) Alexa McKerrow (U.S. Geological Survey) . Background Methods Results A national inventory of the existing vegetation across the There are 551 natural vegetation classes represented in the 6 Classes 13 Subclasses 22 Formations U.S. has been central to the missions of both the GAP/LANDFIRE National Terrestrial Ecosystems Map for the a Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools conterminous U.S. The crosswalk allows for the Project (LANDFIRE) and the National Gap Analysis Program aggregation of the mapped classes into the hierarchical b (GAP). Over the past several years these two programs structure of the USNVC; specifically, the ecological systems a. Forest & Woodland a. Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland a. Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest b. Desert & Semi-Desert b. Warm Desert & Semi-Desert Woodland, b. Warm Desert & Semi-Desert Scrub & have come together to collaborate on the next generation are crosswalked to the middle and upper levels of the Scrub & Grassland Grassland highly detailed existing vegetation maps for the U.S. This USNVC. Relationships between the two classification 51 Divisions 112 Macrogroups 240 Groups collaboration leverages the mapping and inventory to systems developed by NatureServe ecologists were used to meet needs for both fire and fuels management, as well link the mapped Ecological Systems to the Group level of as for wildlife habitat conservation planning. the USNVC.
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
    National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt.
    [Show full text]
  • Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 52: 1-415 Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Editors Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 2005 ABSTRACT Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro and Mark T. Strong. Monocots and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 52: 415 pages (including 65 figures). The present treatment constitutes an updated revision for the monocotyledon and gymnosperm flora (excluding Orchidaceae and Poaceae) for the biogeographical region of Puerto Rico (including all islets and islands) and the Virgin Islands. With this contribution, we fill the last major gap in the flora of this region, since the dicotyledons have been previously revised. This volume recognizes 33 families, 118 genera, and 349 species of Monocots (excluding the Orchidaceae and Poaceae) and three families, three genera, and six species of gymnosperms. The Poaceae with an estimated 89 genera and 265 species, will be published in a separate volume at a later date. When Ackerman’s (1995) treatment of orchids (65 genera and 145 species) and the Poaceae are added to our account of monocots, the new total rises to 35 families, 272 genera and 759 species. The differences in number from Britton’s and Wilson’s (1926) treatment is attributed to changes in families, generic and species concepts, recent introductions, naturalization of introduced species and cultivars, exclusion of cultivated plants, misdeterminations, and discoveries of new taxa or new distributional records during the last seven decades.
    [Show full text]