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Diversity of Ethno-Medicinal Plant: a Case Study of Bageshwar District

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Diversity of Ethno-Medicinal Plant: a Case Study of Bageshwar District Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2017; 5(2): 11-24 ISSN (E): 2320-3862 ISSN (P): 2394-0530 Diversity of ethno-medicinal plant: A case study NAAS Rating 2017: 3.53 JMPS 2017; 5(2): 11-24 of Bageshwar district Uttarakhand © 2017 JMPS Received: 03-01-2017 Accepted: 04-02-2017 Naveen Chandra Pandey, Deepika Bhatt, Deepshikha Arya, Neha Chopra, Naveen Chandra Pandey Brij Mohan Upreti, G. C. Joshi and Lalit M. Tewari Regional Ayurvedic Research Institute, (RARI) CCRAS, Ranikhet, Uttarakhand, India Abstract The Indian Himalayan region has a wide range of traditionally used medicinal plants. The study was Deepika Bhatt conducted with the help of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique to document the ethno- G.B. Pant National Institute of medicinal use of plants from Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand. The present study of Bageshwar Himalayan Environment and district shows distribution and traditional uses of the 144 ethno-medicinal plants, comprises of 64 Sustainable Development, Kosi, families (62- Angiosperms, 2-Gymnospermes), different habitats such as herbs (56%), shrubs (22%), Katarmal, Almora 263643, tress (15%), climbers (7%), which were further classify according to plants parts used such as: leafs Uttaranchal, India (29%), root (27%), bark (11%), whole plant (9%), rhizomes (5% ), fruits (5% ), tubers/bulb (4%), seeds (4%), flowers and inflorescences (3%), resin/latex/ oil (2%), heart wood (1%). It was found that 144 Deepshikha Arya plant species were used by local people for curing 49 diseases such as cough, fever, jaundice, arthritis, Regional Ayurvedic Research asthma, cuts and wounds etc. Institute, (RARI) CCRAS, Ranikhet, Uttarakhand, India Keywords: Diversity, ethno-medicinal plant, Bageshwar, ailments Neha Chopra Department of Botany, DSB 1. Introduction Campus, Nainital-263002, The magnificent Himalaya is well recognized for its bio-physical diversity and socio-cultural Uttarakhand, India heritage, unique physical and ethnic diversity, traditional systems and an ample quantity of [17, 18] Brij Mohan Upreti indigenous knowledge or tribal wisdom . It forms one of the Global Biodiversity Department of Botany, DSB Hotspots- the Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot (HBH) and comprises approximately 1,748 Campus, Nainital-263002, plant species of known medicinal value [19]. The region also comprises habitat for some tribal Uttarakhand, India. communities i.e. Bhotias, Boaxas, Tharus, Jaunsaries, Shaukas, Kharvar and Mahigiri, which use medicinal plants for curing the diseases and ailments [20]. G. C. Joshi Regional Ayurvedic Research The state of Uttarakhand encompasses an area of 53,485 sq. km., which has around nearly 15.5 [5] Institute, (RARI) CCRAS, per cent of the total geographical area of Western Himalayas . Inhabitants of this region have Ranikhet, Uttarakhand, India gradually become familiar with the healing properties of available plants [9]. Most people reside in rural areas and thus depend on small-scale agriculture system for survival. Medicinal Lalit M. Tewari and aromatic plants are the integral parts of the rural communities. Many studies have been Department of Botany, DSB Campus, Nainital-263002, conducted on the use of medicinal plants in the Uttarakhand region but documentation of [24, 25, 26] Uttarakhand, India indigenous knowledge among women is still lacking . Ethno-botanical information on medicinal plants and their uses by indigenous cultures is useful not only for the conservation of traditional knowledge and biodiversity, but also to promote community health care, and might serve in drug development. The information can provide a guide for drug development, assuming that a plant that has been used by indigenous [4] people over a long period of time may well have an allopathic application . The aim of the present study is to document the various plant species to treat prevalent ailments of Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand with authentic scientific name, vernacular name, and family and accession number for further research. The main objectives of the study are 1. To Document the ethno-medicinal plants of the area and to collect information regarding ethno-medicinal uses of plants and availability of ethno-medicinal plants. 2. To make a platform for further research with sustainable utilization of the resources. Correspondence Naveen Chandra Pandey 2. Material and Methods Regional Ayurvedic Research 2.1 Geographical description of study area Institute, (RARI) CCRAS, The study was performed at Bageshwar district (during March 2014- March 2015) lies Ranikhet, Uttarakhand, India between 29.85° North latitude and 79.77° East longitude, covering an area of 2,302Km2 with ~ 11 ~ Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies an average elevation of 1,004 m (3,294ft), on the confluence documentation of traditional medicines with the help and of Gomti and Sarayu rivers. The district is situated in the participation of local/ rural peoples, farmers, traditional eastern Kumaun, bounded by Pithoragarh district on the east, knowledge holders / local healers (Vaidhyas-Traditional Chamoli district on the west, and Almora district on the South medical practitioners) to know the local names and medicinal (Fig:1). importance of the mentioned plants. The information was collected with the help of structured questionnaire. In study 3. Methodology area 10 percent of total households (People of different 3.1 Data Collection and Sample identification genders and age groups) were interviewed. Specimens of all The study was conducted in four villages of Bageshwar the plants were collected and identified with the help of district viz. Jhuni, Shama, Kanda and Kapkote. The use of relevant floras and herbaria [12, 11, 6]. The well preserved plant Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools [15] was done to specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of RARI, perform the study. The study is based on ethno-medico CCRAS, Ranikhet with acronym (RKT). botanical survey, identification of ethno-medicinal plants and (Source-http://www.euttaranchal.com/) Fig 1: Study area Bageshwar District 4. Results conjunctivitis, ulcer (6 species, 4%), earache, intestinal worm The present study compiles 144 ethno-medicinal plant species infestation, joints pain, leprosy, piles, cholera, bleeding (5 belonging to 64 families used by local people for their various species, 3%), leucoderma, menstrual disorders, diabetes (4 ethno-medicinal purposes (Table:1). Out of 64 families species, 2%), leucorrhoea, scrofula, stone, epilepsy, body recorded, ten dominant families are Liliaceae, Euphorbiaceae ache, boils (3 species, 2%), burns, cataract, indigestion, (8 species each), Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae (7 pneumonia, sinus (2 species, 1%), anaemia, pregnancy, species each), Rosaceae (6 species), Apiaceae, Orchidaceae (5 pyorrhea, digestive and respiratory disorders, constipation (1 species each), Rutaceae, Urticaceae (4 species each) (Figure: 2). species, 1%). Within the documented species, herbs (56%) cover the maximum number of species and climbers (7%) covers the minimum number of species (Figures: 3). In the various formulations leafs (29%) were most commonly used ingredient, followed by root (27%), bark (11%), whole plant (9%), rhizomes and fruits (5% each), tubers/bulb and seeds (4% each), flowers and inflorescences (3%) resin/latex/ oil (2%), heart wood (1%)(Figures: 4). There were total 49 diseases recorded which are cured by 144 plant species. The highest numbers of medicinal plant species were documented to cure cough, fever (24 species, 14%), followed by stomach-ache (20 species, 12%), asthma, cuts and wounds (18 species, 11%), dysentery (16 species, 9%), jaundice, skin diseases (14 species, 8%), diarrhea (12 species, 7%), urinary disorders, head ache (11 species, 6%), general debility, toothache (10 species, 6%), arthritis, cold, swelling (9 species, 5%), bone fracture, gastric (8 species, 5%), Fig 2: Top ten families supporting Ethno-medicines in Bageshwar itching, head ache, bronchitis (7 species, 4%), insect sting, district. ~ 12 ~ Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Fig 3: Habit of plants used in Ethno-medicines in Bageshwar district. Fig 4: Plant parts used in preparing ethno- medicines Table 1: Ethno-medicinal plants of Bageshwar district Accession S. Local Life Part Ethno-medicinal Botanical Name Family Number No. Name form use uses (RRIHF) Aconitum Root paste given orally to cure RKT 1. Atis heterophyllumWall. ex Ranunculaceae Herb Root chronic fever and stomach- 26231 Royle. ache. Decoction / powder of rhizomes RKT 2. Angeli Anemone rivularis Ham. Ranunculaceae Herb Rhizome are given orally to cure 26197 bronchitis. Two to three drops of root infusion is dropped in eyes to Thalictrum foliolosum RKT 3. Mamiri Ranunculaceae Herb Root cure conjunctivitis. Root juice is DC. 25101 given in jaundice and stomach- ache. Leafs are eaten raw or as Paeonia emodi Wall.ex RKT 4. Chandrayan Paeoniaceae Herb Leaf vegetable in dysentery and Royle. 26481 diarrhoea. Leaf paste is applied over eyelids to cure conjunctivitis. RKT 5. Pari Cissampelos pareiraL. Menispermaceae Climber Leaf, Root Root juice is given to the 23068 infants to cure diarrhoea. Crushed roots are dipped in water and the filtrate is given orally to cure diabetes. Stephania glabra (Roxb) RKT 6. Ganjaroo Menispermaceae Climber Root Decoction of root is given in Mierr. 22998 asthma, dysentery and fever. Roots are also used as fragrance stick to fumigate. Bark decoction is used to cure Tinospora sinensis various diseases such as fever, RKT 7. Giloe Menispermaceae Climber Bark (Lour.) Merr.
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